JPH0695413A - Electrophotographic sensitive body and electrophotographic device and facsimile using that - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize an electrophotographic sensitive body to obtain high quality picture images without void in picture while maintaining high transfer rate. CONSTITUTION:This electrophotographic sensitive body has at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive supporting body. The electrophotographic body is uniformly electrified and exposed to light to form an latent image. The image is developed with a dry toner in which the binder resin shows <=90 deg. contact angle with pure water or developed with a dry toner having <=12mum average particle size, and the image is transferred to a transfer material to form a picture image. The outer surface of the photosensitive body shows >=100 deg. contact angle with pure water. The electrophotographic device and the facsimile use this electrophotographic body. Thereby, with the obtd. electrophotographic sensitive body, high quality picture images without void can be stably obtd. while high transfer rate is maintained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrophotographic apparatus using the same and a facsimile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The electrophotographic process is generally performed by uniformly charging the surface of a photoconductor, forming a latent image by exposure, forming a developed image with toner, transferring to a transfer material such as paper, residual toner and paper. Removal of dust from the photoconductor surface (cleaning)
It consists of Most of the constituent material of the toner used here is a binder resin, and it is often determined in consideration of the charge amount and environmental stability. Therefore, a material that is advantageous for electrophotographic processes other than development is not necessarily used. Therefore, there are always problems such as adhesion of toner to the photoconductor and generation of transfer residual toner. If the releasability to the surface of the photoconductor can be improved by improving the toner binder resin, the above problems will not occur, but a material having a good releasability will be introduced without deteriorating the characteristics of the developer. That is difficult in reality. Therefore, various methods have been proposed to solve the problems of transfer and toner adhesion by increasing the releasability of the surface of the photoconductor. However, the electrical characteristics of the photoconductor or the slipperiness and mechanical resistance during mechanical cleaning have been proposed. It has been difficult to achieve high releasability while satisfying conditions such as wear resistance.

On the other hand, in order to achieve high image quality of electrophotography, the particle size of dry toner has been reduced in recent years. It is generally known that the transferability is deteriorated when the toner diameter becomes small, so that the transfer residue increases and the transfer failure in the solid image occurs.

In order to solve such a problem, it is necessary to reduce the adhesive force between the toner and the photoconductor. However, it has been difficult to achieve both the cleaning property and the reduction of the adhesive force.

[0005]

For example, a material having a high hardness and excellent wear resistance is inferior in lubricity, and a linear fluoropolymer material excellent in releasability and lubricity is inferior in transparency, and thus is not sensitive to a photoreceptor. Since the hardness was low and the hardness was low, the occurrence of scratches could not be avoided.

On the other hand, in the case of the conventional photoreceptor surface material, for example, when the hardness is increased to enhance wear resistance, the blade is turned over at the time of blade cleaning, and the linear fluororesin having a small intermolecular force is used to improve slidability. There was a contradictory problem that the wear resistance was reduced when only these were used.
Further, in an electrophotographic apparatus using toner particles having a small particle size and poor transferability, it was not clear what kind of physical property value should be formed to improve transferability.

[0007]

That is, the present invention relates to uniform charging on an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, latent image formation by exposure, and pure water as a binder resin. An electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an electrophotographic apparatus for forming an image by development with a dry toner having a contact angle of 90 ° or less and transfer to a transfer target material, with the pure water on the outermost layer surface of the photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a contact angle of 100 ° or more.

According to the present invention, the toner does not adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor even in an electrophotographic apparatus using a toner having a not so high releasability that the contact angle of the binder resin with water is 90 ° or less. It is possible to realize an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has excellent releasability, good transfer efficiency, and does not generate a large amount of transfer residual toner. Further, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether polymer, copolymer, or fluorocarbon resin fine particles made of fluorinated carbon is contained in the outermost layer. As a result, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent wear resistance and cleaning properties can be obtained.

The present invention is also directed to uniform charging on an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, latent image formation by exposure, development with a dry toner having an average particle size of 12 μm or less, and coating. In an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an electrophotographic apparatus that forms an image by transfer onto a transfer material,
The electrophotographic photosensitive member is characterized in that the outermost surface of the photosensitive member has a contact angle with pure water of 100 ° or more.

According to the present invention, even in an electrophotographic apparatus using a dry toner having an average particle diameter of 12 μm or less, the transfer efficiency is improved, the residual toner amount is reduced, and the transfer failure in a solid image is prevented. Further, the outermost layer is made of vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, a fluororesin polymer selected from the group consisting of fluorofluoroolefin compounds selected from perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers, and fluororesin particles comprising a copolymer. By including it, it is possible to achieve the above-mentioned high transfer efficiency and the compatibility with respect to cleaning property and surface deterioration.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member usable in the present invention will be described below.

When producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention,
As the conductive support, a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel, a cylindrical cylinder such as paper or plastic, or a film is used. An undercoat layer (adhesive layer) having a barrier function and an undercoat function can be provided on these supports.

The subbing layer improves the adhesion of the photosensitive layer, the coating property, the protection of the support, the coating of defects on the support, the improvement of the charge injection property from the support, the protection of the photosensitive layer against electric breakdown, etc. Formed for. Known materials for the subbing layer include polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinylimidazole, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, casein, polyamide, copolymerized nylon, glue and gelatin. These are dissolved in a suitable solvent and coated on a support. The film thickness is about 0.2 to 2 μm. Specific examples of the photosensitive layer include a photosensitive layer having a laminated structure of a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting material, a single phase containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting material. There is a photosensitive layer composed of. As the charge generating material, pyrylium, thiopyrylium dye, phthalocyanine pigment anthanthrone pigment, dipenspyrenequinone pigment, pyrantrone pigment, trisazo pigment, disazo pigment, azo pigment, indigo pigment, quinacridone pigment, asymmetric quinocyanine, quinocyanine, etc. Can be used. Examples of the charge transport material include pyrene, N-ethylcarbazole, N-isopropylcarbazole, N-methyl-N-phenylhydrazino-3-methyliane-9-ethylcarbazole N, N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methyliane. -9-ethylcarbazole, N, N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-
10-Ethylphenothiazine, N, N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylian-10-ethylphenoxazine, p-diethylaminopentaldehyde-N, N-diphenylhydrazone, p-diethylaminopentaldehyde-2-methylphenyl-phenylmethane And other triarylmethane compounds, 1,1-bis (4-N, N-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl) heptane, 1,
Polyarylalkanes such as 1,2,2-tetrakis (4-N, N-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) ethane and triarylamines can be used.

For example, in the case of a function-separated type photoconductor in which a charge transport layer is laminated farther from the support than the charge generation layer, the electrophotographic photoconductor can be prepared as follows.

A homogenizer, an ultrasonic wave, and the above charge generating material are used together with a binder resin and a solvent in an amount of 0.3 to 10 times.
Disperse well by methods such as ball mill, vibration ball mill, sand mill, attritor, and roll mill. This dispersion is applied onto the support coated with the undercoat layer and dried to form 0.1
A coating film of about 1 μm is formed. The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving the above charge transport material and the binder resin in a solvent and coating the charge generation layer. The mixing ratio of the charge transport material and the binder resin is about 2: 1 to 1: 2. As the solvent, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, chlorine-based hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride are used. When this solution is applied, a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a bead coating method, a blade coating method or a curtain coating method can be used, and drying is performed at 10 ° C to 200 ° C. C., preferably at a temperature in the range of 20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. for 5 minutes to 5 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours under blast drying or static drying. The thickness of the generated charge transport layer is about 5 to 50 μm.

Next, a protective layer is formed on the photoreceptor. As a constituent material of the protective layer, a room temperature dry type, a thermosetting type,
Any of UV curing type and electron beam curing type may be used as long as the contact angle with water after film formation is 100 ° or more. Examples include polyester resin, silicone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacrylate resin, polyimide resin,
Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, fluorine-substituted compounds such as polyamide resins and epoxy resins. In addition, small particle size (3
It can be used by dispersing it into a suitable binder resin after pulverizing it to a size of less than μm. As the solvent-insoluble resin particles, fluorine-substituted compounds of the above resins can be used, but if desired,
Vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, a polymer of a fluorinated olefin compound selected from perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, fluorine resin particles made of a copolymer, more pure water and The contact angle of can be increased. The binder resin may be any polymer compound having film-forming properties, but polyacrylates, polycarbonates, polyesters, epoxy resins and the like are excellent, and a dispersant may be added if necessary. Further, conductive fine powder or a photoconductive substance can be added as appropriate. When the resin is dispersed, a homogenizer, ultrasonic waves, a ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, a sand mill or the like can be used as the method. Examples of the coating method include a dipping method, a blade coating method, a spray method and a curtain coating method. Drying depends on the solvent used, but is preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably 8 ° C.
It can be performed in the range of 0 to 150 ° C. for 10 to 120 minutes. Although the film thickness is about 0.1 to 20 μm,
It is preferably 5 to 10 μm. It is also effective to expose the dispersed particles to the surface by polishing the surface.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic constitutional example of a general transfer type electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum type photosensitive member of the present invention as an image bearing member, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 1a in a direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. The photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at its peripheral surface by a charging unit 2 at a predetermined positive or negative potential in the course of its rotation, and then at an exposure unit 3 an optical image exposure L (slit exposure Laser beam scanning exposure). As a result, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the exposed image are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor.

The electrostatic latent image is then toner-developed by the developing means 4, and the toner-developed image is rotated by the transfer means 5 between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer means 5 from a paper feeding portion (not shown). The images are sequentially transferred onto the surface of the transfer material P that is synchronously taken out and fed.

The transfer material P which has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 8 where it is subjected to the image fixing and printed out as a copy.

After the image transfer, the surface of the photosensitive member 1 is cleaned by the cleaning means 6 to remove residual toner after transfer, and is further discharged by the pre-exposure means 7 to be repeatedly used for image formation.

As the uniform charging means 2 for the photoconductor 1, a corona charging device is generally widely used. In addition, the transfer device 5
Corona transfer means are also widely used. The electrophotographic apparatus is configured by integrally combining a plurality of constituent elements such as the photoconductor, the developing unit, and the cleaning unit described above as an apparatus unit, and the unit is configured to be detachable from the apparatus body. May be. For example, the photoconductor 1
Alternatively, the cleaning unit 6 and the cleaning unit 6 may be integrated into one unit, and may be detachably configured by using a guide unit such as a rail of the apparatus main body. At this time, the above device unit may be provided with a charging unit and / or a developing unit.

When the electrophotographic apparatus is used as a copying machine or a printer, the light image exposure L is reflected light or transmitted light from a document or a document is read and converted into a signal, and scanning of a laser beam or an LED array is performed by this signal. Drive or liquid crystal shutter array drive.

When used as a printer for a facsimile, the optical image exposure L becomes an exposure for printing the received data. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of this case.

The controller 11 controls the image reading section 10 and the printer 19. The entire controller 11 is CP
It is controlled by U17. The read data from the image reading unit 10 is transmitted to the partner station through the transmission circuit 13. The data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 19 through the receiving circuit 12. The image memory 16 stores predetermined image data. The printer controller 18 controls the printer 19. 14 is a telephone.

The image information received from the line 15 (image information from a remote terminal connected via the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 12, then decoded by the CPU 17, and sequentially stored in the image memory 16. Is stored. When the image information of at least one page is stored in the memory 16, the image recording of that page is performed. The CPU 17 reads out one page of image information from the memory 16 and sends the decoded one page of image information to the printer controller 18. Upon receiving the image information of one page from the CPU 17, the printer controller 18 controls the printer 19 to record the image information of the page.

The CPU 17 is receiving the next page while the printer 19 is recording.

Images are received and recorded as described above.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used not only in electrophotographic copying machines but also in laser beam printers, C
RT printer, LED printer, liquid crystal printer,
It can be widely used in electrophotographic application fields such as laser plate making.

[0030]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.

Example 1 After 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon and 150 parts by weight of isopropanol were mixed and dissolved, an outer diameter of 80 mm,
An aluminum cylinder having a length of 358 mm was applied by dipping, and an undercoat layer of 1 μm was provided. Next, 10 parts by weight of the following bisazo pigment,

[0032]

[Chemical 1] Polycarbonate resin (bisphenol A, molecular weight 30
000) 5 parts by weight and 700 parts by weight of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill, and this dispersion was dip-coated on the undercoat layer to obtain a charge generation layer of 0.05 μm.

Next, 10 parts by weight of the following triphenylamine,

[0034]

[Chemical 2] Polycarbonate resin (bisphenol A, molecular weight 25
000) 10 parts by weight was dissolved in a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and dichloromethane 1: 1 and applied on the charge generation layer by dipping and dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm.

Next, 10 parts by weight of chlorobenzene was added to 10 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene particles having an average primary particle size of 0.3 μm and 20 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (bisphenol A, molecular weight 80,000), and dissolved and dispersed by a ball mill. 10 parts by weight of the charge-transporting material was added to the resulting dispersion and diluted with dichloromethane to obtain a dispersion having a solid content of 3% by weight, which was spray-coated on the charge-transporting layer and dried at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes. Film thickness 6.5 μm
A protective layer of No. 1 was formed and used as Sample 1. This surface is # 200
The surface was polished with a polishing tape of No. 0 to a surface roughness R _{Z of} about 0.6 μm and the contact angle was measured to be 108 °. Further, Comparative Sample 1 was one without a protective layer.

Example 2 Sample 2 was prepared by using a polyvinylidene fluoride powder in place of polytetrafluoroethylene in Sample 1 of Example 1 to prepare a photoreceptor. When the contact angle was measured by polishing in the same manner as in Example 1, it was 103 °.

Example 3 On the photoreceptor on which the charge transport layer of Example 1 was formed,
A hydrolysis-condensation polymer of 3,3-trifluoroethyltrimethoxysilane was applied and heat-cured at 130 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain Sample 3. The contact angle was 102 °.

For comparison, a comparative sample 2 was prepared by applying a hydrolysis-condensation polymer of methyltrimethoxysilane and curing it by heating.
And

Example 4 2 parts by weight of a compound having the following structure and 1 part by weight of the above-mentioned charge transport material were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and spray-coated on the charge transport layer of Example 1 to a film thickness of 6 μm. Sample 4
And The contact angle was 113 °.

[0040]

[Chemical 3] Example 5 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Sample 5, except that the polytetrafluoroethylene of Example 1 was replaced with 30 parts by weight of carbon fluoride ((CF) _n ).

The contact angle after polishing was 127 °.

Example 6 20 parts by weight of a bisphenol AF type epoxy resin having the following structure was added.

[0043]

[Chemical 4] Hexafluoroacetone 80 weight fluorinated After dissolving the portion alkylsiloxane handle Shoshi was S _n O ₂ particles (average particle size 0.04 .mu.m) 15 parts by weight of 15 hours distributed in the mixture ball mill in Example 1 by a dipping method Sample 6 was prepared by applying the charge transport layer on the photoreceptor and drying it at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to form a resin layer having a thickness of 5 μm. The contact angle with pure water was 122 °.

The obtained photoconductor was mounted on a commercially available copying machine (CLC-1 manufactured by Canon Inc.), and an image output test of 5,000 sheets was carried out under an environment of 36 ° C. and humidity of 70%. The toner used was 100 parts by weight of a condensate of propoxylated bisphenol and fumaric acid, 4 parts by weight of a phthalocyanine pigment, G-t.
After melt-kneading 4 parts by weight of a chromium complex of ert-butylsalicylic acid, it was pulverized to an average particle size of about 14 μm and mixed with 0.7 parts by weight of titanium oxide fine powder, and then a Cu—Zn ferrite carrier having an average particle size of 45 μm was used. The toner was mixed at a concentration of 5% and used as a developer. The contact angle with water of the condensate of propoxylated bisphenol and fumaric acid was 82 °.

The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0046]

For comparison, the contact angle with water shown in Table 2 is 10
A resin having a angle of less than 0 ° was applied on the photoconductor prepared in Example 1 to a film thickness of 0.5 μm and compared with other samples.

[0048]

An image output test using a commercially available copying machine was conducted in the same manner as described above.

[0050]

As described above, when the contact angle with water is 100 ° or more, a good image can be stably obtained, and among them, the dispersion of the fluororesin particles shows a relatively good result.

Example 7 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon and 150 parts by weight of isopropanol were mixed and dissolved, and then the outer diameter was 80 mm,
An aluminum cylinder having a length of 358 mm was applied by dipping, and an undercoat layer of 1 μm was provided. Next, 10 parts by weight of the bisazo pigment used in Example 1, 5 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (bisphenol A, molecular weight 30000), and 700 parts by weight of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill, and this dispersion was placed on the undercoat layer. 0.05μ after dip coating
m charge generating layer was obtained.

Next, 10 parts by weight of triphenylamine used in Example 1 and 10 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (bisphenol A, molecular weight 25000) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and dichloromethane 1: 1 to prepare the above charge generating layer. After dip coating on top, dry at 110 ° C for 1 hour to a thickness of 2
A 0 μm charge transport layer was formed.

Then, 70 parts by weight of chlorobenzene was added to 10 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene particles having an average primary particle diameter of 0.3 μm and 20 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (bisphenol A, molecular weight 80,000), and dissolved and dispersed by a ball mill. 10 parts by weight of the charge-transporting material was added to the obtained dispersion, and the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane to give a dispersion having a solid content of 3% by weight. The dispersion was spray-coated on the charge-transporting layer and dried at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a film. A protective layer having a thickness of 6.5 μm was formed and used as Sample 7. This surface is # 2000
When the surface roughness R _{Z was} about 0.6 μm and the contact angle was measured, the contact angle was 108 °. In addition, a sample having no protective layer was used as Comparative Sample 7.

Example 8 Sample 8 was prepared by preparing a photoconductor using polyvinylidene fluoride powder in place of polytetrafluoroethylene in Example 7. When the contact angle was measured by polishing in the same manner as in Example 7, it was 103 °.

Example 9 On the photoconductor on which the charge transport layer of Example 7 was formed,
A hydrolysis-condensation polymer of 3,3-trifluoroethyltrimethoxysilane was applied and heat-cured at 130 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain Sample 9. The contact angle was 102 °.

For comparison, Comparative Sample 8 was prepared by applying a hydrolysis-condensation polymer of methyltrimethoxysilane and heating and curing.
And

Example 10 2 parts by weight of the fluorocopolymer used in Example 4, Example 1
Sample 10 was prepared by dissolving 1 part by weight of the charge-transporting material used in 2 above in tetrahydrofuran and spray-coating it on the charge-transporting layer of Example 7 to a film thickness of 6 μm. Contact angle is 113
It was °.

Example 11 Sample 11 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the polytetrafluoroethylene was replaced by 30 parts by weight of carbon fluoride ((CF) _n ), and a photoconductor was prepared in the same manner.

The contact angle after polishing was 127 °.

Example 12 Bisphenol AF type epoxy resin 2 used in Example 6
0 parts by weight to 15 hours distributed in S _n O ₂ particles (average particle size 0.04 .mu.m) 15 parts by weight of a ball mill Shoshi fluoroalkyl siloxane treatment after dissolved in 80 parts by weight of hexafluoroacetone and by dipping method Sample 12 was prepared by coating on the photoreceptor having the charge transport layer formed in Example 7 and drying at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to form a resin layer having a thickness of 5 μm. The contact angle with pure water was 122 °. Comparative Example In order to clarify the relationship between the contact angle and transfer, a thickness of 0.5 μm was formed on the photoconductor on which the charge transport layer of Example 7 was formed.
Various resins shown in (1) were applied and used as comparative samples.

[0062]

The above-prepared sample was mounted on a commercially available copying machine (CLC-1 manufactured by Canon Inc.) and evaluated for image display. The toner was obtained by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of polyester resin, 4 parts by weight of phthalocyanine pigment, and 4 parts by weight of di-tert-butylsalicylic acid chromium complex with a twin-screw extrusion kneader, and after cooling, roughly pulverized to 2 μm or less using a hammer mill. Then, it was pulverized by a fine pulverizer by an air jet system to obtain cyan toner having a weight average particle diameter of 8.2 μm and 15.4 μm, and an image forming test was used. The results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6.
Shown in.

[0064]

[0065]

As described above, in a system having a contact angle of 100 ° or more, high transfer efficiency and high image quality are obtained regardless of the toner particle size, but if the particle size is small and the contact angle is less than 100 °, many image defects occur. Table 7 shows the image quality when the continuous image output test of 5000 sheets was performed in an environment of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 70%.

[0067]

As described above, in the comprehensive test including durability, it is understood that the fluororesin particle dispersion system is excellent.

[0069]

As described above, the toner whose contact angle with water of the binder resin is 90 ° or less can be obtained by setting the contact angle of the outermost layer of the photoreceptor with water to 100 ° or more. Even in the electrophotographic apparatus used, a high quality image with no missing image can be obtained.

Further, the contact angle with water in the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor is 1
When it is set to 00 ° or more, it has excellent cleaning property, and 12
It is possible to realize an electrophotographic photosensitive member which maintains a high transfer efficiency even for a toner having a small particle diameter of less than μm and stably obtains a high image quality without image loss.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a general transfer type electrophotographic apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a facsimile using the electrophotographic apparatus as a printer.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Photoreceptor 2 Charging Means 3 Exposure Part 4 Developing Means 5 Transfer Means 6 Cleaning Means 7 Pre-Exposure Means 8 Image Fixing Means

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Tatsuya Ikesue 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Shoji Amamiya 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Issei Nakamura 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A dry method in which uniform charging is performed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, latent image formation by exposure, and a contact angle of pure water of a binder resin is 90 ° or less. In an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an electrophotographic apparatus that forms an image by developing with a toner and transferring to a transfer material, the contact angle of the outermost surface of the photosensitive member with pure water is 100.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by being at least °. 2. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, uniform charging, latent image formation by exposure, development with a dry toner having an average particle diameter of 12 μm or less, and transfer to a transfer material. An electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an electrophotographic apparatus for forming an image by transfer, wherein an outermost surface of the photosensitive member has a contact angle with pure water of 100 ° or more. 3. A polymer or copolymer of a fluorinated olefin compound selected from vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, or fluorinated in the outermost layer. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 or 2, which contains 10% by weight or more of fluororesin fine particles made of carbon. 4. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1. 5. A facsimile comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, and a receiving means for receiving image information from a remote terminal.