JPH0617374U - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] In a rotating electric machine in which the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet and the number of salient poles of the armature core are 10:12, the induced voltage waveform with a small distortion is obtained even in the fully magnetized state, and the torque is obtained. The ripple can be reduced, strong magnetization can be performed, and excellent characteristics are obtained. A first winding 5a wound in a positive direction on a first salient pole 4a, a first salient pole 4a, and first and second salient poles 4b and 4c adjacent to both sides of the first salient pole 4a. Second winding 5b wound in the opposite direction to the winding 5a of No. 4 and the fourth salient pole 4 arranged at a position separated from the first salient pole 4a by a mechanical angle of 180 ° / n.
d is the third winding 5 wound in the opposite direction to the first winding 5c
c, and the first, second and third windings 5a, 5b, 5c
Windings of each phase were formed by a winding group formed by connecting in series.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a rotary electric machine, and more particularly, to a rotary electric machine capable of reducing a torque ripple while maintaining a high torque constant in a circumferentially opposed slot type.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 Circumferentially facing slot-type rotating electrical machines have the drawback that cogging occurs due to uneven magnetic resistance depending on the rotational position of the rotor, which makes rotation unsmooth, and various technologies have been proposed to reduce cogging. . An example of the motor is referred to as an 8-9 structure or a 10-9 structure, and has 8 magnet poles and 9 slots, or 10 magnet poles and 9 slots. Further, as described in JP-A-62-110468, there is a device which has a 10-12 structure to reduce cogging.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a conventional rotating electrical machine having a 10-12 structure. In FIG. 7, the ring-shaped armature core 33 has 12 salient poles toward the center of the ring, and therefore 12 slots at equal intervals between the salient poles. A rotor having a ring-shaped field magnet 32 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of each salient pole, and the outer peripheral surface of the field magnet 32 and the inner peripheral surface of each salient pole form a constant gap. Are facing each other.

[0006] Three-phase windings of U, V, and W are provided on each salient pole. FIG. 7 shows only the U-phase windings. , And the end of winding of the U phase is represented by “UE”. The wire 35 is wound around one salient pole 34a in the positive direction to form a winding 35a, and the salient pole 34b adjacent to the salient pole 34a is wound in the opposite direction to form a winding 35b. The salient pole 34c, which is located at a mechanical angle of 180 °, is wound in the opposite direction to form the winding 35c, and then the salient pole 34d adjacent to the salient pole 34c is wound in the positive direction to form the winding 35d in the U phase. To form the winding. V and W phase windings are formed by the same winding method.

[0005]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 According to the rotating electric machine configured as described above, the waveform of the induced voltage generated in the winding changes greatly depending on the magnetized state of the field magnet 32. In order to reduce the torque ripple and make the rotation smooth, it is necessary to obtain a sinusoidal induced voltage waveform, but in order to obtain the ideal sinusoidal induced voltage waveform, the magnetization must be adjusted to adjust. As a result, there is a problem that the characteristics are deteriorated and the torque constant is lowered in the case of a motor. FIG. 4 shows changes in the torque constant and the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform with respect to the magnetizing strength when the concentrated winding shown in FIG. 7 is performed in the motor having the 10-12 structure. The weaker the magnetization intensity, the more the sine wave magnetization becomes, and the stronger the magnetization intensity becomes the rectangular wave magnetization. The torque constant increases as the magnetization strength increases, but the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform also increases. In addition, the absolute value of the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform is large overall. It is clear from this that the torque ripple is large.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the prior art, and it is possible to obtain an induced voltage waveform with a small distortion rate even in a fully magnetized state and reduce the torque ripple. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary electric machine capable of performing stronger magnetization than before and obtaining excellent characteristics.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is an electric machine having a field magnet magnetized to have 10n (n is a positive integer) poles and 12n salient poles provided so as to face the field magnet. In a rotating electric machine comprising a child core and a three-phase winding wound around a salient pole, the first salient pole is wound around the first winding in the forward direction, and the first salient pole and both sides thereof are provided. The second winding is wound in the opposite direction to the first winding over the second and third salient poles adjacent to the first salient pole, and is disposed at a position 180 ° / n away from the first salient pole in mechanical angle. The third winding is wound around the formed fourth salient pole in the direction opposite to the first winding, and the winding group formed by connecting the first, second, and third windings in series Windings for each phase were formed. The ratio of the number of turns of the first, second, and third windings may be 2: 1: 1.

[0008]

[Action]

 When the winding of each phase is excited by energizing with a sine wave, the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform decreases. Even if the magnetization is fully magnetized to increase the torque constant, the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform does not suddenly increase, and excellent characteristics can be obtained.

[0009]

【Example】

 Embodiments of a rotating electric machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, it demonstrates as an example of a motor. In FIG. 1, the ring-shaped armature core 1 has 12 salient poles directed toward the center on the inner peripheral side, and therefore has 12 slots between each salient pole. A rotor having a ring-shaped field magnet 2 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of each of the salient poles of the armature core 3, and the outer peripheral surface of the field magnet 2 and the inner peripheral surface of each salient pole are constant. Facing each other with a gap in between. The field magnet 2 is magnetized to have 10 poles in the circumferential direction. The salient poles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the salient poles are wound by a method described later.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has a so-called 10-12 structure having a field magnet 2 magnetized to have 10 poles and 12 salient poles. In the motor having such a 10-12 structure, the winding wound around each salient pole has a three-phase structure. Here, the U-phase winding method will be mainly described. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the wire rod 5 is wound around the first salient pole 4a to fill the slot to form the first winding 5a. The winding direction at this time is the positive direction. Then, the first salient pole 4a and the second and third salient poles 4b and 4c adjacent to both sides of the first salient pole 4a are opposite to the first winding 5a in the opposite direction to the second winding 5b by half the slot. Wind to fill. The second winding 5b only passes over the first winding 5a at the position of the first salient pole 4a. Then, the fourth salient pole 4d arranged at a position 180 ° mechanically away from the first salient pole 4a is filled with the slot halfway in the direction opposite to the direction of the first winding 5a. The third winding 5c is wound around.

In this way, the first, second, and third windings 5a, 5b, and 5c are connected in series to form a winding group, and this winding group forms a U-phase winding. There is. As described above, the first winding 5a is wound to fill the slot, and the second and third windings 5b and 5c are wound to half the slots. Therefore, the first, second, and third windings are wound. The ratio of the number of turns of the wires 5a, 5b, 5c is 2: 1: 1. The V-phase and W-phase windings are also wound in the same manner as the U-phase. In FIG. 1, US and UE respectively indicate the beginning and end of the U phase, VS and VE respectively indicate the beginning and end of the V phase, and WS and WE respectively indicate the beginning and end of the W phase. . As shown in FIG. 1, the V-phase and W-phase windings are wound at a position deviated from the U-phase winding by ± 120 ° in mechanical angle.

By energizing each phase winding and controlling the current to each phase winding according to the rotational position of the rotor, the rotor can be continuously driven to rotate. The relationship between the induced voltage generated in each phase winding when the rotor rotates and the torque generated when the phase winding is energized is as follows. When the induced voltage Eφ (θ) and the current Iφ (θ) of one phase are Eφ (θ) = E · sin (θ) · ω Iφ (θ) = I · sin (θ), the motor torque T ( θ) and ω are as follows. T (θ) ・ ω = Eφ (θ) ・ Iφ (θ) + Eφ (θ-2π / 3) ・ Iφ (θ-2π / 3) + Eφ (θ + 2π / 3) ・ Iφ (θ + 2π / 3) = E ・ I {Sin ² (θ) + sin ² (θ-2π / 3) + sin ² (θ + 2π / 3) = 1.5 · E · I As described above, when the current waveform flowing in each phase is a sine wave, the induced voltage If is a sine wave, the motor torque has no ripple. However, when the induced voltage is not a sine wave but has a harmonic wave, a ripple is generated in the torque. Therefore, in order to eliminate the torque ripple, it is necessary to make the voltage waveform a sinusoidal wave without distortion.

Therefore, FIG. 3 shows the data of the change of the torque constant and the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform with respect to the magnetizing strength in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 3, the vertical and horizontal scales are the same for comparison with the data of the conventional example of FIG. The weakest magnetization intensity is the sine wave magnetization, and the full magnetization state with the highest magnetization intensity is the square wave magnetization. Comparing FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the torque constant is almost the same in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example. On the other hand, with respect to the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform, the tendency with respect to the strength and weakness of the magnetization shows the same tendency in both the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example, but the embodiment of the present invention shows the distortion of the induced voltage waveform. The absolute value of the ratio is extremely small, and especially when the full magnetization is rectangular wave magnetization, the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform is not so large. As is apparent from the above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform is small, and thus a smooth motor with small torque ripple can be obtained, and the field magnet is fully magnetized. Even when a large torque constant is obtained, the torque ripple is small, so a motor with excellent characteristics can be obtained as compared with a conventional motor.

In the rotating electric machine according to the present invention, the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet to the number of salient poles of the armature core should be 10 to 12, and these are multiplied by n (n is a positive integer). You can use what you did. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, n is 2 and the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet is 20, and the number of salient poles of the armature iron core is 24, or as shown in FIG. The number of magnetic poles may be 30 and the number of salient poles of the armature core may be 36. In this case, the salient pole disposed at a mechanical angle of 180 ° / n from the first salient pole is the fourth salient pole, and the third winding is wound around the salient pole. Hereinafter, the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 will be specifically described.

In FIG. 5, the field magnet 12 has 20 magnetic poles, and the armature core 13 has 24 salient poles. Each phase winding consists of two winding groups. The winding start of one winding group is indicated by U1S, the winding end is indicated by U1E, the winding start of the other winding group is indicated by U2S, and the winding end is indicated by U2E. Explaining the winding method of one winding group, first, a wire is wound around the first salient pole 14a to fill the slot to form the first winding 15a. The winding direction at this time is the positive direction. Next, the second salient pole 14a and the second and third salient poles 14b, 14c adjacent to both sides of the first salient pole 14a are opposite to the first winding 15a in the opposite direction to the second winding 15b by half the slot. Wind to fill. The second winding 15b only passes over the first winding 15a at the position of the first salient pole 14a. Subsequently, the fourth salient pole 1 is disposed at a position 180 ° / n away from the first salient pole 14a in mechanical angle, that is, at a position 90 ° away from n = 2 in this embodiment. The third winding 15c is wound on 4d in the opposite direction to the first winding 15a and so as to fill the slot by half. The first, second, and third windings 15a, 15b, and 15c forming one winding group are connected in series. The other one winding group is arranged at a position 180 ° apart from the above winding group by a mechanical angle. The winding method is the same as the above winding group. Reference numerals 14e, 14f, 14g, and 14h denote first, second, third, and fourth salient poles, respectively, and reference numerals 15e, 15f, and 15g denote first, second, and third windings, respectively.

Although only the U-phase winding is shown in FIG. 5, the V-phase and W-phase windings are the same as the U-phase winding at a position separated by ± 60 ° from each U-phase winding. Is wound around. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet 12 to the number of salient poles of the armature core 13 is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the embodiment shown in FIGS. Has the same effect as the example.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the field magnet 22 has 30 magnetic poles, the armature iron core 23 has 36 salient poles, and each phase winding has three winding groups. The winding start of the first winding group is indicated by U1S, the winding end is indicated by U1E, the winding start of the second winding group is indicated by U2S, the winding end is indicated by U2E, and the winding start of the third winding group is indicated by U3S, The end of winding is indicated by U3E. Reference numerals 24a, 24e and 24i respectively denote first salient poles, 24b, 24f and 24j respectively second salient poles, 24c, 24g and 24k respectively third salient poles, and 24d, 24h and 24l respectively. Each shows a fourth salient pole. The first winding group includes a first winding 25a wound around the first salient pole 24a and a second winding 25a wound around the first, second and third salient poles 24a, 24b, 24c. The winding 25b and the fourth salient pole 24d disposed at a position 180 ° / n away from the first salient pole 24a at a mechanical angle, that is, at a position 60 ° away from n = 3 are the third salient poles 24d. The winding 25c of is wound. The winding direction of each of the first, second and third windings 25a, 25b and 25c and the ratio of the number of windings are the same as in the above embodiment. Reference numerals 25e, 25f, and 25g form a second winding group. Reference numerals 25i, 25j, and 25k form a third winding group. The windings that make up each winding group are connected in series. The first, second and third winding groups are arranged at positions separated from each other by a mechanical angle of 120 °.

Although only the U-phase winding is shown in FIG. 6, the V-phase and W-phase windings are also similar to the U-phase winding at a position separated by ± 40 ° from each U-phase winding. Is wound around. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet 22 to the number of salient poles of the armature iron core 23 is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the embodiment shown in FIGS. Has the same effect as the example.

A winding method in the case where the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet to the number of salient poles of the armature core is 10:12 is as described above as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10. A method different from the law can be considered. In both cases, the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet is 10, and the number of salient poles of the armature core is 12. Although only U-phase windings are shown in the drawings, the same applies to V-phase and W-phase windings. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the first and second salient poles 45b and 45c that are adjacent to each other are wound, and then the second and third salient poles 45c and 45d that are adjacent to each other are wound. After winding over the fourth and fifth salient poles 45f and 45g at positions mechanically 180 degrees apart from the second salient poles 45b and 45c, the adjacent fifth and sixth salient poles are wound. It was wound over 45g and 45h.

In the example shown in FIG. 9, the first, second and third salient poles 45a, 45b and 45c which are adjacent to each other are wound, and then the second, third and fourth salient poles 45b and 45b which are adjacent to each other are wound. 45c, 45d, and then the fifth, sixth, and seventh protrusions which are located at a mechanical angle of 180 ° with respect to the first, second, and third salient poles 45a, 45b, 45c. After winding over the poles 45e, 45f, and 45g, winding is performed over the adjacent sixth, seventh, and eighth salient poles 45f, 45g, and 45h.

In the example shown in FIG. 10, after winding the second salient pole 45c, winding is performed over the second salient pole 45c and the first and third salient poles 45b and 45d on both sides of the second salient pole 45c. Subsequently, after winding the fifth salient pole 45g at a position 180 ° mechanically away from the second salient pole 45c, the fifth salient pole 45g and the fourth and sixth side portions on both sides thereof are wound. The salient poles 45f and 45h are wound.

According to the examples of FIGS. 8 to 10 described above, there is a drawback that the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform becomes large. FIG. 11 shows a comparison of the torque constant and the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform in the conventional example having the 10:12 structure, the embodiment of the present invention, and the design examples shown in FIGS. 7, A is a conventional example shown in FIG. 7, B is the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, C is a design example shown in FIG. 8, D is a design example shown in FIG. 9, and E is shown in FIG. The design example shown is shown. As is clear from FIG. 11, the embodiment B of the present invention has a slightly smaller torque constant than the conventional example of FIG. 7, but the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform is remarkably small, and the torque ripple is significantly improved. ing. On the other hand, in the design examples C, D, and E shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the torque constant is low, the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform is extremely large, and it is understood that good characteristics cannot be obtained.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the rotor is the inner rotor type inside the armature core and the winding, but the present invention is also applicable to the outer rotor type.

[0024]

[Effect of device]

 As is apparent from the above description, according to the rotating electric machine of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine in which the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the field magnet and the number of salient poles of the armature core is 10:12, The first winding wound around the pole in the positive direction, the first salient pole and the second and third salient poles adjacent to the first salient pole, and the first winding wound in the opposite direction. The second winding and the third salient pole, which is wound away from the first salient pole at a mechanical angle of 180 ° / n in the fourth salient pole, are wound in the opposite direction to the first winding. , And the winding group of each phase is formed by the winding group formed by connecting the first, second, and third windings in series, the distortion factor of the induced voltage waveform is small, and In addition, it is possible to obtain a smooth rotating electric machine with a small torque ripple and, in the case of a motor, fully magnetize the field magnet to generate a large torque. Because the torque ripple may obtain a number of small, it is possible to obtain a motor superior properties compared to conventional motors.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a development view of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes in the torque constant and the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform in the above embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in the torque constant and the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform of the conventional rotary electric machine shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 5 is a development view showing another embodiment of the rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a development view showing still another embodiment of the rotating electric machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a conventional rotating electric machine.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a design example similar to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another design example similar to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing still another design example similar to the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a conventional rotating electric machine, an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
11 is a diagram showing a comparison between the torque constant and the distortion rate of the induced voltage waveform in the design example of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

2,12 Field magnet 3,13 Armature iron core 4,14 Salient poles 5a, 15a, 15e, 25a, 25e, 25i 1st
Winding 5b, 15b, 15f, 25b, 25f, 25j Second
Winding 5c, 15c, 15g, 25c, 25g, 25k Third
Winding

Claims (2)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A field magnet magnetized to have a pole of 10n (n is a positive integer), an armature core having 12n salient poles provided facing the field magnet, and the salient pole. In a rotating electric machine provided with a wound three-phase winding, a first winding wound in a positive direction on a first salient pole, a first salient pole and a first salient pole adjacent to both sides of the first salient pole. The second winding wound around the second and third salient poles in the opposite direction to the first winding, and the second salient pole disposed 180 ° / n away from the first salient pole at a mechanical angle. A fourth salient pole is provided with a third winding wound in a direction opposite to the first winding, and the winding is formed by connecting the first, second and third windings in series. A rotary electric machine in which windings for each phase are formed by a wire group. 2. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the number of turns of the first, second and third windings is 2: 1: 1.