JPH05322364A - Adsorption type heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate liquid-phase state of refrigerant and to simplify a structure of an adsorption type heat pump by sealing many heat exchanging plates together with operating fluid in a sealed vessel, dividing them into a plurality of systems, and dividing the systems into a desorption group and an adsorption group. CONSTITUTION:Many heat exchanging plates 9 in which solid adsorbents are charged on outer surfaces of hollow plates are sealed together with operating fluid (refrigerant) in a sealed vessel 10. The interior of the vessel 10 is divided into a plurality of rooms A, B by a partition wall 11. The plates 9 are divided into systems corresponding to the rooms A, B. Further, the systems are divided into a group (desorption group) (a) in which high temperature fluid flows, and a group (adsorption group) (b) in which low temperature fluid flows. For example, on the one room A, heating medium 12 flows to the group (a), coolant 13 flows to the group (b) thereby to evaporate the refrigerant and to adsorb the vapor. Thus, cold is finally collected by collecting cold medium 14.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adsorption heat pump for transferring and storing heat by adsorbing / desorbing a working fluid to / from an adsorbent. More specifically, similar to the adsorption type refrigerator proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-31663 by the same applicant, a large number of heat exchange plates each having an adsorbent layer on the outer surface of the hollow plate are attached. The present invention relates to improvement of a heat pump that is enclosed in a closed container together with a working fluid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 3-31663 discloses an adsorption type refrigerator using a heat exchange plate (adsorbent heat exchanger) having an adsorbent layer on the outer surface of a hollow plate. In this refrigerator, in addition to the adsorbent heat exchanger, a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator or a condenser is separately provided in the first function chamber and the second function chamber. It is a change.

The adsorbent heat exchanger described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-31663 is a plate type heat exchanger in which a small cell for mounting an adsorbent is provided on the surface of each plate. The member forming the above-mentioned element also functions as a fin. Therefore, when a high temperature fluid flows inside the hollow plate, the working fluid adsorbed by the adsorbent layer on the surface evaporates, and when a low temperature fluid flows, the adsorbent layer on the surface vaporizes the gas phase in the container. The working fluid of is adsorbed (the low temperature fluid removes its heat of adsorption).

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventor of the present invention has disclosed in
Although he continued to research after inventing the adsorption type refrigerating machine of the publication No. 31663, in the case of the refrigerating machine, since the condenser and the evaporator were provided, the water in the liquid phase during operation of the refrigerator was However, it is necessary to control the liquid level for this purpose, and it is also necessary to install water pipes and pressure reducing valves, which complicates the equipment and requires draining water during maintenance. I encountered such inconvenience.

Therefore, it was intended to develop a new heat pump that does not generate liquid phase water. This is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

[0006]

The present invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3166/1993.
It is based on the idea of replacing the condenser and the evaporator of the adsorption refrigerator in the publication No. 3 with an adsorber and a desorber using the same adsorbent heat exchanger. According to this, all working fluids work in the gas phase and do not create a liquid level.

That is, according to the present invention, a large number of heat exchange plates each having an adsorbent layer mounted on the outer surface of a hollow plate are enclosed together with a working fluid in a closed container, and the plurality of heat exchange plates are attached. The system is divided into at least two systems, and each system is a group that allows a high-temperature fluid to flow through the hollow plate (a group that functions to desorb the working fluid adsorbed in the adsorbent layer ... ) And a group that passes a low temperature fluid (a group that functions to adsorb a gas-phase working fluid that exists in a closed container to the adsorbent layer ... Called an adsorption group)
In both systems, the hot fluid and the cold fluid are switched to each other when the desorption operation of at least one system is almost completed.

[0008]

1 to 3 show a loading structure in which an adsorbent is mounted on the outer surface of a hollow plate 1, in which fins are used over almost the entire outer surface area of the hollow plate 1 serving as a heat exchange surface. An example of forming a large number of cells 2 in a grid shape is shown.

As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of fins 3 extending in the axial direction and fins 4 of the same height extending in a direction orthogonal to the axially extending fins 3 are formed on both outer surfaces of the hollow plate 1 while crossing each other. By providing the cells 2, a large number of cells 2 surrounded by the fins 3 and 4 are formed, and each cell 2 serves as a container for loading a solid adsorbent.

When each cell 2 is loaded with the solid adsorbent, layers of the solid adsorbent having a predetermined thickness are attached to both outer surfaces of the hollow plate 1 in contact with the outer surface and the fin surface of the plate 1. , 5 of the hexahedrons that form each cell
Since the face piece serves as a heat transfer surface and is in contact with the adsorbent and is divided into small cells, the heat exchange between the heat medium flowing in the hollow plate 1 and the adsorbent becomes extremely good. Although not shown, a porous plate or mesh is attached to the entire outer surface of each cell 2, and an adsorbent is pressed into each cell 2 by this breathable cover. The attachment of this cover is carried out by using a frame 5 which goes around the ends of the fins 3 and 4.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the hollow plate 1 is made of an integrally molded product such as metal, and in the example shown in FIG. 2, the hollow plate 1 is formed into a tube plate by using two metal plates 6 and 7 with a spacer 8. In the example of FIG. 3, the end edges of the two metal plates 6 and 7 are overlapped and welded to form a tube plate. There is no difference in that both fins 3 and 4 form a large number of adsorbent loading cells 2.

In addition to the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in some cases, only the fins 3 or only the fins 4 are arranged in parallel, and a solid adsorbent is loaded in the gaps thereof, and a porous or mesh body is placed on top of them. It is also possible to use the one having a structure adhered to.

FIG. 4 shows a heat pump of the present invention in which a heat exchange plate (hereinafter referred to as an adsorbent heat exchange plate) having the solid adsorbent loaded on the outer surface of the hollow plate 1 is used as described above. It shows an embodiment, and a large number of adsorbent heat exchange plates 9 are enclosed in a closed container 10 together with a working fluid (hereinafter referred to as a refrigerant). Water can be used as a refrigerant. However, the liquid water is
It does not substantially exist in the inner space and is fixed in a state similar to a phase change from the gas phase to the liquid phase when adsorbed by the solid adsorbent.

In the example of FIG. 4, the closed container 10 is divided into a first chamber A and a second chamber B by a partition wall 11, and the containers A and B are not in communication with each other. Therefore, the refrigerant exists in each of the chambers A and B independently.

In FIG. 4, a large number of adsorbent heat exchange plates 9 are divided into two systems, a system of a chamber A and a system of a chamber B. In both systems, a group through which a high temperature fluid flows (desorption group) And a group (adsorption group) through which the low temperature fluid flows. In the state shown in the figure, in the system of the chamber A, the adsorbent heat exchange plate (a) constitutes the desorption group, and the adsorbent heat exchange plate (b) constitutes the adsorption group. On the other hand, also in the system of the room B, the adsorbent heat exchange plate (a) constitutes a desorption group, and the adsorbent heat exchange plate (b) constitutes an adsorption group.

Of the adsorbent heat exchange plates in the system of chamber A, the heating medium (for example, hot waste water) 1 is placed in the desorption group plate.
2, and cooling water 13 flows through the plates of the adsorption group. As a result, the adsorbent in the desorption group is heated by the heating medium 12
The refrigerant that has been adsorbed is heated and evaporated, and the refrigerant vapor diffuses into the chamber A. On the other hand, the adsorbent in the adsorption group is cooled by the cooling water 13 and adsorbs the refrigerant vapor in the chamber A. By this operation, the heating medium 12 is cooled and discharged to the outside of the system due to heat removal due to the heat of desorption of the refrigerant, and the cooling water receives the heat of adsorption of the refrigerant and its temperature rises to the outside of the system.
If this operation is continued, the adsorbent in the desorption group is in a dry state in which the refrigerant is retained only slightly, and the adsorbent in the adsorption group is in a wet state in which a large amount of refrigerant is retained.

Similarly, in the chamber B, a medium (cooling heat medium 14
(Referred to as)), and the cooling water 15 is caused to flow into the plate of the adsorption group that is in a dry state. The heat collecting medium 14 is, for example, heat source water for cooling, and in the case of the heat source water, it is normally stored in the heat storage tank 16. However, the heat source water heated to a high temperature by the cooling operation is caused to flow to the desorption group by the pump 17. After that, it is returned to the heat storage tank 16 again. The high-temperature heat source water heats the adsorbent while flowing through the desorption group, evaporates the adsorbed refrigerant, and desorbs the heat of desorption, whereby the heat source water is cooled. On the other hand, in the adsorption group, the evaporated refrigerant vapor is adsorbed by the adsorbent while applying the heat of adsorption to the cooling water 15.

When the operation of the system of the chamber A and the system of the chamber B is continued for a certain period of time, the desorption function approaches saturation.
When the function of either system approaches saturation, the adsorption / desorption operation is switched in reverse. When it approaches saturation in the state shown in the figure, cooling water (15) is caused to flow through the adsorbent heat exchange plate of chamber A, and cooling heat medium (14) is caused to flow through the adsorbent heat exchange plate of chamber B. Then, the cooling water (13) is caused to flow through the adsorbent heat exchange plate in the chamber B, and the heating medium (12) is caused to flow through the adsorbent heat exchange plate in the chamber B. As a result, the same operation as the operation of the room A and the room B described above is achieved.
Therefore, cold heat can be collected in the cold heat collecting medium 14.

If this switching is continuously performed so that the fluid flow does not stop, cold heat can be continuously taken out from the cold heat collecting medium 14. Also, if this switching is done with a delay,
Since it can hold hot or cold heat only during the rest period, it also functions as a heat storage device.

FIG. 5 shows an adsorbent heat exchange plate 9 arranged in the first chambers A and B of the heat pump shown in FIG.
Next, an embodiment of the present invention in which is arranged horizontally will be shown. Also in this case, since each adsorbent heat exchange plate 9 is loaded with the adsorbent, it functions as an adsorption heat pump under exactly the same operation.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the partition wall 11 for partitioning the first chambers A and B is arranged in the vertical direction in the heat pump shown in FIG. Even in this case, the function as an adsorption heat pump is achieved under the same action.

FIG. 7 shows that in the heat pump of FIG. 4 described above, the adsorbent heat exchange plate (a) of the desorption group and the adsorbent heat exchange plate (b) of the adsorption group are alternately arranged with a gap of substantially the same interval. An example of the present invention will be described. In this case, the high temperature fluid (heating medium or cooling heat medium) is passed to the desorption group, and the low temperature fluid (cooling water) is passed to the adsorption group, as in the previous example. B) is shown as a desorber, and the adsorbent heat exchange plate (b) that is performing adsorption is shown as an adsorber. When the adsorption / desorption operation reaches near saturation, the flow path of the fluid flowing in the plate is switched as in the previous example.

In the example of FIG. 7, since the adsorbent heat exchange plates having the same structure are alternately arranged in the chamber A and the chamber B, and the desorber and the adsorber are adjacent to each other, the desorbing operation is performed. Since it is mainly performed between the adsorbent layers adjacent to each other, the response is good.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the present invention similar to that of FIG. 7, except that the desorber and the adsorber are further closely attached. That is, an assembly in which the desorber and the adsorber are in close contact with each other with almost no gap is installed in the chambers A and B, and there is almost no extra space inside the chambers A and B. As described above, the assembly is arranged in the entire room. At that time, a slight gap is formed between the adsorbent heat exchange plate functioning as a desorber and the adsorbent heat exchange plate functioning as an adsorber so that a heat bridge is not formed, or both of the porous heat insulating layers 19 are provided. Intervene in between. As a result, the heat bridge can be prevented even if there is a temperature difference of about 40 to 50 ° C. in the operating state of both plates.

When the structure shown in FIG. 8 is adopted, the space of the refrigerant vapor in the room becomes very small, and the distance of the refrigerant moving between the desorber and the adsorber becomes the shortest. Not only can this be done, but the entire device can be made extremely small, and a compact and efficient heat pump can be constructed.

9 to 11 show specific examples of the assembly in which the desorber and the adsorber are adjacent to each other as shown in FIG.
That is, first, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the adsorbent heat exchange plates 9a and 9b having symmetrical shapes are made.
First, the adsorbent heat exchange plate 9a will be described.
The metal plates 21a and 21b having the same shape are attached to both sides of the diamond-shaped frame (distance piece) 20a to form a hollow plate. Flow tubes 23 and 24 are attached to the tops and bottoms of the plates 21a and 21b. Also, the plate 21
Fins 25 and 26 are attached to the surfaces of a and 21b. As described above, the solid adsorbent is loaded in the gap between the fins 25 and 26. As a result, one adsorbent heat exchange plate 9a is completed.

Similarly, the adsorbent heat exchange plate 9b having a symmetrical shape is also produced in the same manner as 9a.
In this case, in 9b, the positions of the flow pipes 27 and 28 are provided at positions that do not match those of 9a. In other words, by inverting the diamond-shaped plates, the positions of the top and bottom of the plates will shift, so if flow pipes are provided at the top and bottom of both plates, the flow pipes of both plates will be placed at different positions. be able to. However, with respect to the fins 25 and 26, both the plates 9a and 9b are attached at the same height in the same direction.

The mutually symmetrical adsorbent heat exchange plates 9a and 9b produced in this manner are staggered in FIG.
Assemble like. At that time, the adsorbent heat exchange plate 9
The flow pipes 23a, 24a of a are connected to form a manifold on the supply side or the discharge side, and the flow pipes 27, 28 of the adsorbent heat exchange plate 9b are connected to each other on the supply side or the discharge side. Form the manifold.

As a result, the adsorbent heat exchange plate 9a is provided by allowing the heating medium and the cooling water, and the cooling heat medium and the cooling water to flow through each manifold in a switchable manner as described above.
Can function as a desorber in common, and can be operated so that 9b functions as an adsorber in proximity to all of them. Moreover, since each manifold is located within the area of each plate, when this assembly is placed in a closed container, the installation space for the manifold is omitted and it can be stored very compactly.

FIG. 12 shows that the assemblies 30a and 30b in which the desorbers and the adsorbers are alternately arranged as described in FIG. 11 are placed in separate independent closed containers 10a and 10b. The example which comprised the heat pump of FIG. That is, each of the closed containers 10a and 10b is independent.
The refrigerant and the assemblies 30a and 30b are housed in the space of each of the assemblies 30a and 30b, and each of the assemblies 30a and 30b is connected to the outside of the container as described above in 23 to 24 and 27 to 28. Introduced and derived.

In FIG. 12, for example, when the heating medium is passed from 28a to the desorber group in the assembly 30a and sent from 27a, and the cooling water is passed from 23a to the adsorber group in the assembly 30a and sent from 24a, the desorption is performed. Refrigerant moves directly from the vessel to the adjacent adsorber. Similarly, assembly 30b
When the cooling heat medium is passed from 28b to the desorber group and sent from 27b, and the cooling water is passed from 23b to the adsorber group and sent from 24b, the refrigerant directly moves from the desorber to the adjacent adsorber. When this operation reaches a saturated state or a state close to the saturated state, the heat medium path is switched as described above.

In FIG. 12, an independent closed container 10a is provided.
Although 10 and 10b are arranged left and right, they may be arranged back to back as shown in FIG. In any case, by switching the flow path of the flow medium at the time when the desorption operation of at least one system is almost completed, it is possible to continuously carry the one-way transfer of cold heat or warm heat.

In the above embodiments, the combination of the solid adsorbent and the refrigerant to be desorbed by the solid adsorbent is zeolite /
Water, silica gel / water, activated carbon / water, sodium sulfide /
Water, calcium bromide / water, sodium iodide / ammonia, nickel chloride ammonia complex / ammonia, quick lime / water, etc. are applicable. Of which zeolite / water,
The combination of silica gel / water and activated carbon / water is safe, desirable in terms of environmental protection, and economical.

[0034]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
Compared to the adsorption refrigerator previously proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-31663, the refrigerant operating in the device (closed container) is adsorbed by the adsorbent or in the gas phase. For this reason, the carrier line for the refrigerant is not required, and the expansion valve for assisting the phase conversion between the liquid phase and the gas phase is also unnecessary, which simplifies the device configuration and eliminates the moving parts. The risk of malfunction is avoided.

In addition, since the device is compact, the heat pump function per unit volume is improved, and the coefficient of performance is also improved. In addition, since there is no liquid phase, the device can be inverted and moved freely, and the installation place is restricted. It also has the effect of not being received.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a heat exchange plate showing a loading structure when an adsorbent is attached to the outer surface of a hollow plate.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the heat exchange plate showing the loading structure when the adsorbent is mounted on the outer surface of the hollow plate.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the heat exchange plate showing the loading structure when the adsorbent is mounted on the outer surface of the hollow plate.

FIG. 4 is a device layout system diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention in which a heat pump is configured using an adsorbent heat exchange plate.

5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention in which the adsorbent heat exchange plates arranged in the first chamber A and the second chamber B are horizontally arranged in the heat pump of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention in which the partition wall that separates the first chamber A and the second chamber B in the heat pump of FIG. 4 is in the vertical direction.

7 is an embodiment of the present invention in which, in the heat pump of FIG. 4, the adsorbent heat exchange plate (a) of the desorption group and the adsorbent heat exchange plate (b) of the adsorption group are alternately arranged with a gap of substantially the same interval. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example.

[Fig. 8] Fig. 7 except that the desorber and the adsorber are further closely attached.
3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention similar to that of FIG. ..

9 is an assembly diagram of one adsorbent heat exchange plate 9a when the desorber and the adsorber of FIG. 8 are adjacent to each other.

FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram of one adsorbent heat exchange plate 9b when the desorber and the adsorber of FIG. 8 are adjacent to each other.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a part of an assembly in which the adsorbent heat exchange plates of FIGS. 9 and 10 are combined.

FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment in which the heat pump of the present invention is configured by independently disposing the assembly of FIG. 11 in separate left and right closed containers.

13 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment in which the heat pump of the present invention is configured by independently disposing the assembly of FIG. 11 in separate front and rear closed containers.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Hollow Plate 2 Adsorbent Loading Cell 3, 4 Fin 9 Adsorbent Heat Exchange Plate 10 Closed Container 11 Partition Wall 12 Heating Medium 13 Cooling Water 14 Cooling Heat Medium 15 Cooling Water 30 Assembling a Desorber and an Adsorber Adjacent object

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A large number of heat exchange plates each having an adsorbent layer mounted on the outer surface of a hollow plate are enclosed together with a working fluid in a closed container, and the plurality of heat exchange plates are formed into at least two systems. In each system, a group that passes a high temperature fluid through the hollow plate (called a group that functions to desorb the working fluid adsorbed in the adsorbent layer ... Desorption group) and a low temperature fluid It is divided into a group that flows (a group that functions to adsorb the gas-phase working fluid existing in the closed container to the adsorbent layer ... an adsorption group), and at least one system has almost the same desorption operation. An adsorption heat pump that switches between high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid in both systems when completed. 2. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the two systems are independently formed in one closed container via a partition wall. 3. The two systems are independently formed in two airtight containers filled with an adsorbent.
The adsorption heat pump described in 1. 4. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein when the high temperature fluid of one system is a heating fluid, the high temperature fluid of the other system is a fluid for cold heat collection. 5. The desorption group of each system is configured by stacking a plurality of heat exchange plates, and the adsorption group of the system is configured by stacking a plurality of heat exchange plates at a position apart from the desorption group. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4. 6. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the desorption group and the adsorption group of each system are alternately stacked with heat exchange plates such that the adsorbent layers are close to each other. 7. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the working fluid is water and the adsorbent is silica gel or zeolite.