JPH046419B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH046419B2 JPH046419B2 JP62186867A JP18686787A JPH046419B2 JP H046419 B2 JPH046419 B2 JP H046419B2 JP 62186867 A JP62186867 A JP 62186867A JP 18686787 A JP18686787 A JP 18686787A JP H046419 B2 JPH046419 B2 JP H046419B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flat plate
- catalyst carrier
- metal catalyst
- corrugated
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
- F01N3/2814—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates all sheets, plates or foils being corrugated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/32—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the shape, form or number of corrugations of plates, sheets or foils
- F01N2330/321—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the shape, form or number of corrugations of plates, sheets or foils with two or more different kinds of corrugations in the same substrate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、触媒コンバータに用いられるメタル
触媒担体に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a metal catalyst carrier used in a catalytic converter.
一般に、自動車の排気系には、排気ガスを浄化
するため、例えば、特公昭60−27807号公報に開
示されるようなメタル触媒担体が配置されてい
る。
Generally, a metal catalyst carrier as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-27807, for example, is disposed in the exhaust system of an automobile in order to purify exhaust gas.
第４図は、この種のメタル触媒担体の詳細を示
すもので、このメタル触媒担体は、金属製の波板
１１と平板１３とを交互に重ね、これ等を芯材を
中心にして、円形形状に多重に巻回して仮コア部
１７が形成され、この仮コア部１７を押し潰すこ
とにより、第５図に示すような楕円形状のコア部
１９が形成される。 FIG. 4 shows details of this type of metal catalyst carrier. This metal catalyst carrier consists of corrugated metal plates 11 and flat plates 13 stacked alternately, and these are arranged in a circular shape with the core material at the center. A temporary core portion 17 is formed by multiple winding in a shape, and by crushing this temporary core portion 17, an elliptical core portion 19 as shown in FIG. 5 is formed.
このようなコア部１９では、波板１１と平板１
３とを巻回したままの状態にしておくと、コア部
１９内への排気ガスの流通により、コア部１９の
中心部に位置する波板１１および平板１３がコア
部１９の軸方向に突出する、いわゆる、フイルム
アウト現象が生じるため、波板１１と平板１３と
を巻回しながら、例えば、中立線に沿つてレーザ
ビームにより波板１１と平板１３とを溶接するこ
と、あるいは、コア部１９の形成後に、波板１１
と平板１３とを相互にろう付けすることが行なわ
れている。 In such a core part 19, the corrugated plate 11 and the flat plate 1
3 remains wound, the corrugated plate 11 and flat plate 13 located at the center of the core part 19 will protrude in the axial direction of the core part 19 due to the flow of exhaust gas into the core part 19. This causes a so-called film-out phenomenon, so for example, while winding the corrugated sheet 11 and the flat plate 13, welding the corrugated sheet 11 and the flat plate 13 along the neutral line with a laser beam, or welding the corrugated sheet 11 and the flat plate 13 together using a laser beam, or welding the core part 19 After forming the corrugated plate 11
and the flat plate 13 are brazed to each other.
しかしながら、このような従来のメタル触媒担
体では、第６図に示すように、平板１３が平面で
あるため、波板１１の凸曲面部２１が平板１３に
点Ｐでしか当接しておらず、この部を溶接あるい
はろう付けしても、波板１１と平板１３との充分
な接合強度を得ることができないという問題があ
る。
However, in such a conventional metal catalyst carrier, as shown in FIG. 6, since the flat plate 13 is a flat surface, the convex curved surface portion 21 of the corrugated plate 11 contacts the flat plate 13 only at a point P. Even if this portion is welded or brazed, there is a problem in that sufficient bonding strength between the corrugated plate 11 and the flat plate 13 cannot be obtained.
また、従来のメタル触媒担体では、波板１１の
凸曲面部２１が平板１３に点Ｐでしか当接してい
ないため、凸曲面部２１と平板１３との間に三角
形状の空間２３が形成されてしまい、例えば、ウ
オツシユコート層を形成する高価なγアルミナが
この空間２３部分に流れ込むため、無駄なγアル
ミナがが必要になるという問題がある。 Furthermore, in the conventional metal catalyst carrier, since the convex curved surface portion 21 of the corrugated plate 11 contacts the flat plate 13 only at point P, a triangular space 23 is formed between the convex curved surface portion 21 and the flat plate 13. For example, the expensive γ alumina forming the wash coat layer flows into the space 23, resulting in the problem that γ alumina is wasted.
本発明は、上記のような問題を解決すべくなさ
れたもので、波板と平板との充分な接合強度を得
ることができるとともに、γアルミナ等の材料の
低減を図ることのできるメタル触媒担体を提供す
ることを目的とする。
The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a metal catalyst carrier that can obtain sufficient bonding strength between a corrugated plate and a flat plate, and can reduce the amount of materials such as γ alumina. The purpose is to provide
本発明に係わるメタル触媒担体は、金属製の波
板と平板とを交互に重ねてなるメタル触媒担体に
おいて、前記平板に、前記波板の凸曲面部に面接
触する凹曲面部を形成したものである。
The metal catalyst carrier according to the present invention is a metal catalyst carrier formed by alternately stacking metal corrugated plates and flat plates, in which a concave curved surface portion is formed on the flat plate to make surface contact with a convex curved surface portion of the corrugated plate. It is.
本発明のメタル触媒担体においては、平板に形
成される凹曲面部に、波板の凸曲面部が位置さ
れ、この時に、波板の凸曲面部が、平板の凹曲面
部に面接触することとなる。
In the metal catalyst carrier of the present invention, the convex curved surface portion of the corrugated sheet is positioned on the concave curved surface portion formed on the flat plate, and at this time, the convex curved surface portion of the corrugated sheet comes into surface contact with the concave curved surface portion of the flat plate. becomes.
以下、本発明の詳細を図面に示す一実施例につ
いて説明する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.
第１図は、本発明のメタル触媒担体の一実施例
の要部を示しており、第２図は第１図のメタル触
媒担体の全体を示している。 FIG. 1 shows a main part of an embodiment of the metal catalyst carrier of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the entire metal catalyst carrier of FIG. 1.
第２図において符号３１は、金属製の波板３３
と平板３５とを重ね、これ等を多重に巻回して形
成されるメタル触媒担体を示している。 In FIG. 2, reference numeral 31 indicates a metal corrugated plate 33.
A metal catalyst carrier is shown which is formed by overlapping a plate 35 and a flat plate 35 and winding them in multiple layers.
第１図は、第２図の波板３３と平板３５との接
合部を拡大した図であり、図において符号３３
は、波板を示しており、符号３５は平板を示して
いる。 FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of the joint between the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 in FIG.
indicates a corrugated plate, and numeral 35 indicates a flat plate.
波板３３には、一定の間隔を置いて凸曲面部３
７，３８，３９……が形成されており、図の凸曲
面部３７と３９との距離Ａが１ピツチとされてい
る。 The corrugated plate 33 has convex curved portions 3 at regular intervals.
7, 38, 39... are formed, and the distance A between the convex curved surface portions 37 and 39 in the figure is one pitch.
また、平板３５には、波板の凸曲面部３７，３
８，３９……に面接触可能な形状の凹曲面部４
１，４２，４３……が形成されている。 Further, the flat plate 35 has convex curved portions 37 and 3 of the corrugated plate.
8, 39... Concave curved surface part 4 with a shape that can make surface contact
1, 42, 43... are formed.
この凹曲面部４１，４２，４３……は、平板３
５を波状に成形することにより形成されており、
この実施例では、平板３５には、波板３３の１ピ
ツチＡに対して、ピツチＢの４山の波形が形成さ
れている。 These concave curved surface portions 41, 42, 43... are the flat plate 3
It is formed by shaping 5 into a wave shape,
In this embodiment, the flat plate 35 has a waveform with four peaks of pitch B for each pitch A of the corrugated plate 33.
また、この実施例では、波板３３の凸曲面部３
７，３８，３９……の曲率半径と、平板３５の凹
曲面部４１，４２，４３……の曲率半径とがほぼ
同一とされている。 Further, in this embodiment, the convex curved surface portion 3 of the corrugated plate 33
7, 38, 39... and the radius of curvature of the concave curved surface portions 41, 42, 43... of the flat plate 35 are substantially the same.
なお、この実施例では、波板３３と平板３５と
を重ね、これ等を多重に巻回してメタル触媒担体
３１が形成されることとなるため、巻回に伴い平
板３５の凹曲面部４１，４２，４３……の形成間
隔を変更して行く必要があるが、例えば、これを
予め計算等により算出し、この計算値に基づいて
予め凹曲面部４１，４２，４３……の形成間隔の
異なる平板を製造しておくことにより容易に対処
可能である。 In this embodiment, since the metal catalyst carrier 31 is formed by overlapping the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 and winding them multiple times, the concave curved surface portion 41 of the flat plate 35, It is necessary to change the formation interval of the concave curved surface parts 41, 42, 43..., but for example, this can be calculated in advance, and based on this calculated value, the formation interval of the concave curved surface parts 41, 42, 43... This can be easily handled by manufacturing different flat plates.
以上のように構成されたメタル触媒担体では、
波板３３と平板３５とを巻回したままの状態にし
ておくと、メタル触媒担体３１内への排気ガスの
流通により、メタル触媒担体３１の中心部に位置
する波板３３および平板３５がメタル触媒担体の
軸方向に突出する、いわゆる、フイルムアウト現
象が生じるため、波板３３と平板３５とを巻回し
ながら、例えば、中立線に沿つてレーザビームに
より波板３３と平板３５とが溶接され、あるい
は、コア部の形成後に、波板３３と平板３５とが
相互にろう付けされメタル触媒担体が形成され
る。 In the metal catalyst carrier configured as above,
If the corrugated plate 33 and flat plate 35 are left wound, the corrugated plate 33 and flat plate 35 located at the center of the metal catalyst carrier 31 will become metal due to the flow of exhaust gas into the metal catalyst carrier 31. Since the so-called film-out phenomenon in which the catalyst carrier protrudes in the axial direction occurs, the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 are welded by a laser beam along the neutral line while the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 are being wound. Alternatively, after forming the core portion, the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 are brazed to each other to form a metal catalyst carrier.
しかして、以上のように構成されたメタル触媒
担体では、平板３５に形成される凹曲面部４１，
４２，４３……に、波板３３の凸曲面部３７，３
８，３９……が位置され、この時に、波板３３の
凸曲面部３７，３８，３９……が、平板３５の凹
曲面部４１，４２，４３……に面接触することと
なる。 Therefore, in the metal catalyst carrier configured as described above, the concave curved surface portion 41 formed on the flat plate 35,
42, 43..., the convex curved surface portions 37, 3 of the corrugated plate 33
8, 39, . . . are positioned, and at this time, the convex curved portions 37, 38, 39, .
すなわち、以上のように構成されたメタル触媒
担体では、波板３３の凸曲面部３７，３８，３９
……が、平板３５の凹曲面部４１，４２，４３…
…に面接触している状態において、レーザビーム
溶接、ろう付け等が行なわれることとなるため、
従来より大幅に波板３３と平板３５との接合強度
を向上することができる。 That is, in the metal catalyst carrier configured as above, the convex curved portions 37, 38, 39 of the corrugated plate 33
...but the concave curved surface portions 41, 42, 43... of the flat plate 35...
Since laser beam welding, brazing, etc. will be performed while in surface contact with...
The bonding strength between the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 can be significantly improved compared to the conventional method.
また、以上のように構成されたメタル触媒担体
では、波板３３の凸曲面部３７，３８，３９……
が平板３５の凹曲面部４１，４２，４３……に面
接触するため、波板３３の凸曲面部３７，３８，
３９……と平板３５との間に形成される三角形状
の空間４５が従来より大幅に低減し、これによ
り、ウオツシユコート層を形成する高価なγアル
ミナ４７の空間４５部分に流れ込む量が減少し、
γアルミナ４７等の材料費を低減することができ
る。 Further, in the metal catalyst carrier configured as above, the convex curved portions 37, 38, 39 of the corrugated plate 33...
are in surface contact with the concave curved surfaces 41, 42, 43, . . . of the flat plate 35, so that the convex curved surfaces 37, 38,
The triangular space 45 formed between 39... and the flat plate 35 is significantly reduced compared to the conventional method, and as a result, the amount of expensive γ alumina 47 that forms the wash coat layer flowing into the space 45 is reduced. death,
The cost of materials such as γ alumina 47 can be reduced.
さらに、以上のように構成されたメタル触媒担
体では、平板３５を波状に形成したので、平板３
５のばね作用により波板３３が挟持されることと
なり、波板３３と平板３５との接合強度を従来よ
り向上することができる。 Furthermore, in the metal catalyst carrier configured as described above, since the flat plate 35 is formed in a wave shape, the flat plate 35
The corrugated plate 33 is held between the corrugated plates 33 and 5 by the spring action, and the bonding strength between the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35 can be improved compared to the conventional case.
また、以上のように構成されたメタル触媒担体
では、平板３５を波状に形成したので、排気ガス
と接触する平板３５の表面積が増大し浄化性能を
従来より向上することができる。 Further, in the metal catalyst carrier configured as described above, since the flat plate 35 is formed in a wave shape, the surface area of the flat plate 35 that comes into contact with exhaust gas is increased, and the purification performance can be improved compared to the conventional one.
さらに、以上のように構成されたメタル触媒担
体では、平板３５を波状に形成したので、波板３
３と平板３５との熱膨張差に起因する熱応力の発
生を緩和することが可能となる。 Furthermore, in the metal catalyst carrier configured as described above, since the flat plate 35 is formed in a wave shape, the corrugated plate 3
It becomes possible to alleviate the occurrence of thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the flat plate 35 and the flat plate 35.
なお、以上述べた実施例では、波板３３と平板
３５とを巻回して、コア部を形成した例について
述べたが、本発明は、かかる実施例に限定される
ものではなく、例えば、一定形状に切断された波
板と平板とを交互に積層した形式のメタル触媒担
体にも適用できることは勿論である。 In addition, in the embodiment described above, an example was described in which the core portion was formed by winding the corrugated plate 33 and the flat plate 35, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to a metal catalyst carrier in which corrugated plates cut into shapes and flat plates are alternately laminated.
また、以上述べた実施例では、平板３５を波板
に成形した例について述べたが、本発明は、かか
る実施例に限定されるものではなく、例えば、第
３図に示すように、波板３３の凸曲面部３７，３
８，３９……に面接触する凹曲面部５１，５３…
…が平板４９に所定間隔を置いて形成されておれ
ば良いことは勿論である。 Further, in the embodiments described above, an example was described in which the flat plate 35 was formed into a corrugated plate, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 33 convex curved surface portion 37,3
Concave curved surface portions 51, 53... in surface contact with 8, 39...
It goes without saying that it is sufficient if they are formed on the flat plate 49 at predetermined intervals.
さらに、以上述べた実施例では、平板３５に、
波板３３の１ピツチに対して、４山の波形を形成
した例について述べたが、本発明は、かかる実施
例に限定されるものではなく、例えば、第１図に
二点鎖線で示したように、平板には、波板の１ピ
ツチに対して、少なくとも２山以上の波形が形成
されていれば良いことは勿論である。 Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, the flat plate 35 has
Although an example has been described in which a four-peak waveform is formed for one pitch of the corrugated plate 33, the present invention is not limited to such an example. Of course, it is sufficient that the flat plate has at least two corrugations per pitch of the corrugated plate.
以上述べたように、本発明のメタル触媒担体で
は、平板に、波板の凸曲面部に面接触する凹曲面
部を形成したので、波板と平板との充分な接合強
度を得ることができるとともに、γアルミナ等の
材料の低減を図ることができるという利点があ
る。
As described above, in the metal catalyst carrier of the present invention, since the flat plate has a concave curved surface that makes surface contact with the convex curved surface of the corrugated plate, sufficient bonding strength between the corrugated plate and the flat plate can be obtained. In addition, there is an advantage that the amount of materials such as γ alumina can be reduced.
第１図は本発明のメタル触媒担体の一実施例の
要部を示す側面図、第２図は第１図のメタル触媒
担体の全体を示す斜視図、第３図は本発明のメタ
ル触媒担体の他の実施例を示す説明図、第４図は
波板と平板とを巻回している状態を示す斜視図、
第５図は従来のメタル触媒担体を示す斜視図、第
６図は第５図の波板と平板との接合部の詳細を示
す説明図である。
３３……波板、３５，４９……平板、３７，３
８，３９……凸曲面部、４１，４２，４３……凹
曲面部。
FIG. 1 is a side view showing essential parts of an embodiment of the metal catalyst carrier of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the entire metal catalyst carrier of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a metal catalyst carrier of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which a corrugated plate and a flat plate are wound;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a conventional metal catalyst carrier, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing details of the joint between the corrugated plate and the flat plate in FIG. 33...corrugated plate, 35,49...flat plate, 37,3
8, 39... Convex curved surface portion, 41, 42, 43... Concave curved surface portion.
Claims (1)
タル触媒担体において、前記平板に、前記波板の
凸曲面部に面接触する凹曲面部を形成したことを
特徴とするメタル触媒担体。 ２ 凹曲面部は、平板を波状に成形することによ
り形成される特許請求の範囲第１項記載のメタル
触媒担体。 ３ 平板には、波板の１ピツチに対して、少なく
とも２山以上の波形が形成されている特許請求の
範囲第２項記載のメタル触媒担体。[Scope of Claims] 1. A metal catalyst carrier formed by alternately stacking corrugated metal plates and flat plates, characterized in that the flat plates have a concave curved surface that makes surface contact with the convex curved surface of the corrugated plates. metal catalyst carrier. 2. The metal catalyst carrier according to claim 1, wherein the concave curved surface portion is formed by forming a flat plate into a wave shape. 3. The metal catalyst carrier according to claim 2, wherein the flat plate has at least two corrugations per pitch of the corrugated plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62186867A JPS6430651A (en) | 1987-07-27 | 1987-07-27 | Metallic catalyst carrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62186867A JPS6430651A (en) | 1987-07-27 | 1987-07-27 | Metallic catalyst carrier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6430651A JPS6430651A (en) | 1989-02-01 |
| JPH046419B2 true JPH046419B2 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
Family
ID=16196059
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62186867A Granted JPS6430651A (en) | 1987-07-27 | 1987-07-27 | Metallic catalyst carrier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6430651A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0630268Y2 (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1994-08-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Metal honeycomb catalytic converter |
| JP3336035B2 (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 2002-10-21 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | Metal honeycomb carrier |
| CN109843430A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-06-04 | 阿莫绿色技术有限公司 | Metallic catalyst carrier, its manufacturing method and manufacturing device |
-
1987
- 1987-07-27 JP JP62186867A patent/JPS6430651A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6430651A (en) | 1989-02-01 |
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