JP7438816B2 - 腸内エクオール産生菌増加剤、エクオール産生促進剤、及び血中エクオール濃度上昇剤 - Google Patents
腸内エクオール産生菌増加剤、エクオール産生促進剤、及び血中エクオール濃度上昇剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7438816B2 JP7438816B2 JP2020059097A JP2020059097A JP7438816B2 JP 7438816 B2 JP7438816 B2 JP 7438816B2 JP 2020059097 A JP2020059097 A JP 2020059097A JP 2020059097 A JP2020059097 A JP 2020059097A JP 7438816 B2 JP7438816 B2 JP 7438816B2
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- equol
- black soybean
- seed coat
- soybean seed
- extract
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Description
(1)イソフラボン配糖体(例えば、ダイジン)は、経口摂取されると、唾液や小腸粘膜の酵素、または腸内細菌由来のβ-グルコシダーゼ等の作用により、アグリコン(例えば、ダイゼイン)に変換される。
(2)ダイゼインは、さらに腸内細菌によりエクオール前駆体であるジヒドロダイゼイン(DHD)に代謝され、次いでエクオール産生菌によりエクオールに代謝される。また、腸内に存在するエクオール産生菌の多くは、ダイゼインから直接エクオールを産生することができることが知られている(非特許文献2)。
(3)エクオール産生菌以外の腸内細菌(例えば、Eubacterium属、Clostrium属など)の作用により、ダイゼインやジヒドロダイゼイン(DHD)からO-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-DMA)が産生される。
(4)ダイゼイン等のアグリコンやその代謝産物は、腸管に吸収された後、非抱合体は標的臓器や組織に分布し、抱合化されたものは尿や便に排せつされる。
本発明はこれらの知見に基づいて完成したものであり、下記の実施形態を包含するものである。
(I-1)黒大豆種皮抽出物を有効成分として含有する腸内エクオール産生菌増加剤。
(I-2)前記エクオール産生菌がAdlercreutzia属の細菌である、(I-1)に記載するエクオール産生菌増加剤。
(II-1)黒大豆種皮抽出物を有効成分として含有するエクオール産生促進剤。
(II-2)体内の大豆イソフラボンの代謝において、大豆イソフラボンからO-デスメチルアンゴレンシンへの変換よりもエクオールへの変換を優位にするように作用する、(II-1)に記載するエクオール産生促進剤。
黒大豆種皮抽出物、及び大豆イソフラボンを含有する、血中エクオール濃度上昇剤。
(IV-1) 黒大豆種皮抽出物を経口組成物に配合して、当該経口組成物に対して腸内細菌によるエクオール産生能を増強する作用を付与するための、黒大豆種皮抽出物の使用方法。
(IV-2)黒大豆種皮抽出物を経口組成物に配合して、当該経口組成物の血中エクオール濃度上昇作用を増強するための、黒大豆種皮抽出物の使用方法であって、
前記経口組成物が大豆イソフラボンを含有するものである、前記方法。
(II)エクオール産生促進剤
本発明の腸内エクオール産生菌増加剤(以下、単に「本菌増加剤」とも称する)、及び本発明のエクオール産生促進剤(以下、単に「本促進剤」とも称する)は、いずれも黒大豆種皮の抽出物、好ましくは可食性の抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする。以下、腸内エクオール産生菌増加剤、及びエクオール産生促進剤などの本発明を総称して「本発明」とも記載する。
また、本促進剤を経口的に服用(投与、摂取)することにより、エクオールの産生を促進することができる。ここで「エクオールの産生促進」の原因は、特に拘泥されるものではないが、本促進剤を経口的に服用することで、前述するようにエクオールの産生菌が増加することに加えて、後述する実験例2に示すように大豆イソフラボンの代謝において、O-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-DMA)への変換よりもエクオールの変換が優位に進むことを挙げることができる。本促進剤の服用(投与、摂取)により、エクオールの産生が促進されるか否かは、血中のエクオール濃度(エクオール血中量)を測定することで評価、確認することができる。なお、エクオールは腸内で大豆イソフラボンのアグリコンやその代謝物がエクオールに代謝されることで生成することから、エクオールの産生促進を評価する際には、本促進剤とともに大豆イソフラボンを服用(投与、摂取)することが好ましい。
本発明の血中エクオール濃度上昇剤(以下、単に「本上昇剤」とも称する)は、黒大豆種皮の抽出物、好ましくは可食性の抽出物と、大豆イソフラボンを含有することを特徴とする。
本発明はまた、黒大豆種皮抽出物の使用方法を提供する。
その一つの方法は、経口組成物に対して、腸内細菌によるエクオール産生能を増強する作用を付与するための黒大豆種皮抽出物の使用方法である。当該方法は、黒大豆種皮抽出物を、対象とする経口組成物に配合することで実施することができる。なお、黒大豆種皮抽出物に代えて、黒大豆種皮抽出物を有効成分とする前述する本菌増加剤また本促進剤を用いることもできる。
また、腸内細菌によるエクオール産生能の増強は、間接的ではあるものの、大豆イソフラボンを摂取させた場合に得られる血中または尿中エクオール濃度から判断することもできる。比較組成物と比べて対象組成物を摂取することで、血中または尿中エクオール濃度の増加の程度が大きい場合は、本発明の作用を発揮しているといえる。当該評価も、後述する実験例に示すように、ヒトに代えてヒト以外の哺乳動物に対して実施することができる。
被験動物(マウス)に、黒大豆種皮抽出物を摂取させて、体重、摂食量、盲腸内容物量を測定するとともに、盲腸内容物中からゲノムDNAを抽出し、腸内細菌叢解析を行い、エクオール産生菌(Adlercreutzia属)の盲腸内存在比(%)を測定した。
動物:雄C57BL/6Jマウス8週齢(日本SLCより購入)
飼育環境:室温25℃、湿度55%、照明は室内の蛍光灯を午前7時~午後7時の12時間周期で点灯した。
飼育期間:動物搬入後、通常食固形試料による2週間の馴化期間を経た後に、各群の平均体重が均等になるように、下記の試験区(a)~(d)に群分けした(各群 n=6~7)。飼育期間中、各飼料と飲料水は自由に摂取させた
(a)コントロール群:飼料(通常食:固形試料D12450J:Research Diet社、以下同じ。)+飲料水(蒸留水、以下同じ。)を摂取
(b)コントロールA群:飼料(通常食)+0.3%コール酸添加飲料水を摂取
(c)黒大豆種皮抽出物群:飼料(通常食+1.7%黒大豆種皮抽出物)+0.3%コール酸添加飲料水を摂取
(d)イソフラボン群:飼料(通常食+0.8%イソフラボン)+0.3%コール酸添加飲料水を摂取。
また前記「イソフラボン」として、フジフラボンP40(フジッコ株式会社製)を使用した。フジフラボンP40には大豆イソフラボンが37質量%以上含まれている。大豆イソフラボンのうち、ゲニステイン、ダイゼイン、グリシテインの3種のイソフラボン(アグリコン)の配糖体の総量は約85質量%以上であり、アグリコンが約15質量%の割合で含まれている。なお、上記「0.8%イソフラボン」の「0.8%」とは、フジフラボンP40中に含まれるイソフラボン含量に換算した量である。
1.体重、摂食量、盲腸内容物量
各試験区の被験動物について、各飼料及び飲用水を2週間自由に摂取させた後に、体重、盲腸内容物量、及び1日あたりの摂食量(g/day/mice)を測定した。結果を、各群の平均値として表1に示す。
各試験区の被験動物について、各飼料及び飲用水を2週間自由に摂取させた後に採取した盲腸内容物から、定法に従ってDNAを抽出し、株式会社生物技研に依頼して16S rRNA遺伝子のV3-V4領域を増幅し、Illumina MiSeqによるメタ16S菌叢解析を行った。得られた23サンプルの合計1,195,799リード(平均51,991リード)についてQIIME(Quantitave Insights Into Microbial Ecology)を用いて菌叢解析を行った。
なお、高脂肪食を摂取しつづけると、腸内細菌叢が崩壊することが知られている。本実験では、高脂肪食の摂取に代えて、被験動物((b)コントロールA群(c)黒大豆種皮抽出物群、(d)イソフラボン群)に一次胆汁酸(コール酸)を含む飲料水を摂取させることで、腸内細菌叢を崩壊又は乱した状態で実験を行った。図2に示すように、この状態でも、黒大豆種皮抽出物を摂取させることで、腸内のエクオール産生菌が顕著に増加することが確認された。これらのことから、黒大豆種皮抽出物を経口的に摂取することで、腸内におけるエクオール産生菌が増加するなど、腸内細菌叢の細菌構成比が変化し、その結果、腸内細菌におけるエクオール産生能が増強されて、体内のエクオール量を増加させることができることが示唆された。
前記実験例1の結果を踏まえて、被験動物(マウス)に、黒大豆種皮抽出物を大豆イソフラボンとともに一定期間摂取させて、その後、体重、盲腸内容物量、及び1日あたりの摂食量(g/day/mice)を測定した。また、体内におけるエクオール産生量を評価するために、血中のエクオール濃度を測定した。
動物:雄C57BL/6Jマウス8週齢(日本SLCより購入)
飼育環境:室温25℃、湿度55%、照明は室内の蛍光灯を午前7時~午後7時の12時間周期で点灯した。
飼育期間:動物搬入後、通常食固形試料による2週間の馴化期間を経た後に、各群の平均体重が均等になるように、下記の(a)と(b)の試験区に群分けした(各群n=6)。飼育期間中、各飼料と飲料水(蒸留水)は自由に摂取させた。
(a)イソフラボン群(Iso):飼料(通常+0.2%イソフラボン)+飲料水を摂取
(b)イソフラボン+黒大豆種皮抽出物群(Iso+Chrono):飼料(通常+0.2%イソフラボン+0.425%黒大豆種皮抽出物)+飲料水を摂取
1.体重、摂食量、盲腸内容物量
各試験区の被験動物について、各飼料及び飲用水を2週間自由に摂取させた後に、体重、盲腸内容物量、及び1日あたりの摂食量(g/day/mice)を測定した。結果を各群の平均値として表2に示す。
(1)血清の脱抱合処理
各試験区の被験動物について、各飼料及び飲用水を2週間自由に摂取させた後に、採血し、その血清画分を凍結しておいた。この凍結血清サンプルに下記の酵素処理をして脱抱合した後、カラム処理を施した。
酵素処理は下記の方法により実施した。
1.血清200μLに100 ppmのナリゲニンを10μL加える。
2.50 U/mL スルファターゼ溶液を200μL加えて37℃で2時間反応させる。
3.200 U/mL β-グルクロニダーゼ溶液を200μL加え37℃で2時間反応させる。
カラム処理は下記の方法により実施した。
1.前記(1-1)で酵素処理した血清サンプル全量をSep-Pak(Waters Corporation)に通液後、15容量%の含水メタノール1 mLにて前記のSep-Pakを3回洗浄する。
2.80容量%の含水メタノール1 mLを前記のSep-Pakに通液し、溶出したサンプルを回収する。
前記の脱抱合処理(酵素処理及びカラム処理)をした血清をサンプルとして、当該血清サンプルに含まれているダイゼイン、ジヒドロダイゼイン(DHD)、エクオール、及びO-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-DMA)の量をLC-MS/MS分析により測定した。
LC-MS/MS分析は、ESIプローブをイオン源としたトリプル四重極質量分析計(API2000 LC/MS/MSシステム、Applied Biosystems社)を連結させたProminence UFLCシステム(Shimazhu社)を用いて行った。測定物質はポジティブモードでイオン化し、MRM(Multiple reaction monitoring)モードで分析した。
[LC条件]
カラム:InertSustain C18カラム(5μm、2.1x 50 mm、GLサイエンス社)
移動相:0.1%ギ酸+50%含水メタノール
分離手段:イソクラティック分離
流速:0.2 mL/min
注入量:5μL
分析時間:10分間。
[MC条件]
Curtain gas (drying gas): 30 psi
Collitin gas :3 psi
Ionspray voltage:5.5 kV
interface temperature:500℃
Ion source gas 1 (nebulizing gas):60 psi
Ion source gas 2 (turbo gas):60 psi
ダイゼイン: 255.2 > 199.1、91.0、65.0、
ジヒドロダイゼイン(DHD): 257.2 > 122.9、77.0、95.0、
エクオール: 243.3 > 123.0、133.1、 106.9、
O-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-DMA): 259.2 > 149.1、121.1、77.1 、
ナリンゲニン(内部標準): 273.2 > 153.1、147.1、90.9。
分析ソフトにはAnalyst 1.5 software(Applied Biosystems 社)を用いた。
各試験区の被験動物から採取した血清中に含まれるダイゼイン(Daidzein)、ジヒドロダイゼイン(DHD)、エクオール(Equol)、及びO-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-DMA)の量を測定した結果を、図3に示す。図3(A)は、各試験区((a)Iso、(b)Iso+Chrono)の被験動物について、血清1L中に含まれるこれら4つの測定化合物の総量とその割合を比較したものであり、図3Bは、各化合物の割合を、化合物毎に比較した図である。
図3に示すように、血中のエクオール濃度は、大豆イソフラボンに加えて黒大豆種皮抽出物を摂取させることで、大豆イソフラボンだけを摂取させた場合よりも顕著に増加する傾向が認められた。また、エクオールの前駆体であるジヒドロダイゼイン(DHD)の血中濃度も、大豆イソフラボンに加えて黒大豆種皮抽出物を摂取させることで有意に増加する傾向が認められた。これに対して、ダイゼイン代謝産物であるO-デスメチルアンゴレンシン(O-DMA)の血中濃度は、大豆イソフラボン単独摂取と黒大豆種皮抽出物との併用摂取との間で差異は認められなかった。
(Ref.1) Minamida et al., Production of equol from daidzein by gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from rat intestine. J Biosci Bioeng., 102, 247-250, 2006.
(Ref.2) Asaccharobacter celatus gen. nov., sp nov. strain do03T :
Minamida et al., Asaccharobacter celatus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rat caecum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol., 58(Pt 5):1238-1240, 2008.
(Ref.3) Ueno and Uchiyama., Identification of the specific intestinal bacteria capable of metabolising soy isoflavone to equol. Ann Nutr Metab., 45, 114, 2002.
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Claims (6)
- 黒大豆種皮抽出物を有効成分として含有する腸内エクオール産生菌増加剤。
- 前記エクオール産生菌がAdlercreutzia属の細菌である、請求項1に記載するエクオール産生菌増加剤。
- 黒大豆種皮抽出物を有効成分として含有するエクオール産生促進剤。
- 黒大豆種皮抽出物、及び大豆イソフラボンを含有する、血中エクオール濃度上昇剤。
- 黒大豆種皮抽出物を経口組成物に配合して、当該経口組成物に対して腸内細菌によるエクオール産生能を増強する作用を付与するための、黒大豆種皮抽出物の使用方法。
- 黒大豆種皮抽出物を経口組成物に配合して、当該経口組成物の血中エクオール濃度上昇作用を増強するための、黒大豆種皮抽出物の使用方法であって、
前記経口組成物が大豆イソフラボンを含有するものである、前記方法。
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WO2016052573A1 (ja) | 2014-09-30 | 2016-04-07 | 小林製薬株式会社 | カプセル剤 |
JP2019162060A (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | 室戸海洋深層水株式会社 | 腸内フローラ改善健康食品 |
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WO2016052573A1 (ja) | 2014-09-30 | 2016-04-07 | 小林製薬株式会社 | カプセル剤 |
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