JP7478106B2 - 外科手術におけるコンピュータ支援ナビゲーションのための光学器具追跡ボリュームのエクステンデッドリアリティ視覚化 - Google Patents
外科手術におけるコンピュータ支援ナビゲーションのための光学器具追跡ボリュームのエクステンデッドリアリティ視覚化 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図13は、本開示のいくつかの実施形態にしたがって構成されたXRヘッドセット920を示している。XRヘッドセットは、XRヘッドセットを着用者の頭に固定するように構成されたヘッドバンド1306、ヘッドバンド1306によって支持される電子的コンポーネントエンクロージャ1304、および電子的コンポーネントエンクロージャ1304を横切って下向きに延びる表示画面1302を含む。表示画面1302は、シースルーLCDディスプレイデバイス、またはディスプレイデバイスによって着用者の目に向けて投影された画像を反射する半反射レンズとすることができる。ヘッドセットの片側または両側に配置された既知の間隔を空けて、例えばドットなどのDRA基準のセットがペイントされるかまたは取り付けられる。ヘッドセットのDRAは、補助追跡バー上の追跡カメラがヘッドセット920の姿勢を追跡することを可能にし、および/または別のXRヘッドセットがヘッドセット920の姿勢を追跡することを可能にする。
図34は、本開示のいくつかの実施形態にかかる、XRヘッドセット920の光学コンポーネントの配置を示すブロック図を示している。図34を参照すると、ディスプレイデバイス1450は、そこからの光がXR画像1450として表示画面1302に向けて投影されるXRヘッドセットコントローラ1430によって生成されたXR画像を表示するように構成されている。表示画面1302は、XR画像1450の光と実世界シーン1502からの光とを組み合わせて、ユーザの眼1510に向けられる合成拡張ビュー1504となるように構成されている。このように構成された表示画面1302は、シースルー表示画面として動作する。XRヘッドセット920は、任意の複数の追跡カメラ1440を含むことができる。カメラ1440は、可視光キャプチャカメラ、近赤外線キャプチャカメラ、または双方の組み合わせとすることができる。
XRヘッドセットの動作は、2D画像および3Dモデルの双方を表示画面1302に表示することができる。2D画像は、好ましくは、表示画面1302のより不透明なバンド(上側バンド)に表示されることができ、3Dモデルは、より好ましくは、環境領域として別途知られる、表示画面1302のより透明なバンド(下側バンド)に表示されることができる。表示画面1302が終了する下側バンドの下方において、着用者は、手術室の遮るもののないビューを有する。XRコンテンツが表示画面1302に表示されている場合、流動的であり得ることに留意されたい。3Dコンテンツが表示されている場合、コンテンツに対するヘッドセットの位置に応じて、不透明なバンドに移動することができ、2Dコンテンツが表示されている場合、透明なバンドに配置されて実世界に安定することができる。これに加えて、表示画面1302の全体は、ヘッドセットを外科手術計画のための仮想現実に変換するために電子制御下で暗くされることができるか、または医療処置中に完全に透明にされることができる。上記で説明したように、XRヘッドセット920および関連付けられた動作は、ナビゲートされる処置をサポートするだけでなく、ロボットにより支援される処置と組み合わせて実行されることができる。
1)患者の生体構造の2Dの体軸ビュー、矢状ビュー、および/または冠状ビュー、
2)計画された器具と現在追跡されている器具との対比と、外科手術インプラント場所と、のオーバーレイ、
3)術前画像のギャラリー、
4)顕微鏡および他の同様のシステム、またはリモートビデオ会議からのビデオフィード、
5)オプションならびに構成の設定およびボタン、
6)外科手術計画情報を有する患者の生体構造の浮遊3Dモデル、
7)浮遊する患者の生体構造に関連する外科手術器具のリアルタイム追跡、
8)指示およびガイダンスを有する患者の生体構造の拡張オーバーレイ、および
9)外科手術機器の拡張オーバーレイ。
図17は、本開示のいくつかの実施形態にしたがって構成された2対のステレオ追跡カメラを有する補助追跡バー46の例示的な構成を示している。補助追跡バー46は、図3A、図3B、および図3Cのカメラ追跡システムコンポーネントの一部である。一実施形態にかかる、ステレオ追跡カメラは、間隔を置いて配置された可視光キャプチャカメラのステレオ対と、間隔を空けて配置された近赤外線キャプチャカメラの別のステレオ対とを含む。あるいは、可視光キャプチャカメラの1つのステレオ対のみ、または近赤外線キャプチャカメラの1つのステレオ対のみが補助追跡バー46において使用されることができる。任意の複数の近赤外線および/または可視光カメラを使用することができる。
上で説明したように、ナビゲートされた外科手術は、例えば、既知の方法で配置されたディスクまたは球などの間隔を空けた基準を含む取り付けられたDRAの姿勢を判定することなどによる、外科手術器具のコンピュータビジョン追跡および姿勢(例えば、6自由度座標系における位置および向き)の判定を含むことができる。コンピュータビジョンは、近赤外線および/または可視光をキャプチャするように構成された、間隔を空けて配置された追跡カメラ、例えばステレオカメラを使用する。このシナリオでは、(1)精度、(2)堅牢性、および(3)外科手術中のユーザの人間工学という最適化をめぐって共同で競合する3つのパラメータがある。
A=第2のヘッドセットHMD2 1210の可視光座標系、
N3=第2のヘッドセットHMD2 1210のNIR座標系、
S=主ヘッドセットHMD1 1200の可視光座標系、
N2=主ヘッドセットHMD1 1200のNIR座標系、
N=補助ナビゲーションバー46のNIR座標系、
V=補助ナビゲーションバー46の可視光座標系、
R=患者参照基準アレイ602のNIR座標系、
T=追跡された器具604のNIR座標系、
E=ロボットアーム20上の追跡されたロボットエンドエフェクタのNIR座標系、および
W=安定した重力ベクトルを有する慣性的にナビゲートされる世界座標系。
本明細書に開示される様々な実施形態は、外科手術中のコンピュータ支援ナビゲーションの改善を対象とする。光学器具ナビゲーションシステムは、オブジェクトを観察するように配置された1つ以上の追跡カメラを使用して、例えば6自由度座標系に対する位置および向きなどのオブジェクトの姿勢を追跡する。したがって、追跡されるオブジェクトについて、1つ以上の追跡カメラによって観察可能でなければならず、さらに、十分な精度で追跡されるためには、異なる角度からの2つ以上の追跡カメラによって同時に観察可能でなければならない。追跡カメラがオブジェクトを観察し且つ姿勢の判定を可能にするのに十分な精度を提供することができる空間のボリュームは、追跡ボリュームと呼ばれる。
本発明の概念の様々な実施形態の上記の説明において、本明細書において使用される用語は、特定の実施形態を説明することのみを目的とし、本発明の概念を限定することを意図しないことを理解されたい。別様に定義されない限り、本明細書において使用される全ての用語(技術用語および科学用語を含む)は、本発明の概念が属する技術の当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。一般的に使用される辞書に定義されるような用語は、本明細書および関連する技術分野の文脈におけるそれらの意味に矛盾しない意味を有するものとして解釈されるべきであり、本明細書で明確にそのように定義された理想化された、または過度に形式的な意味では解釈されないことがさらに理解されよう。
Claims (19)
- オブジェクトの姿勢をリアルタイムで追跡するように構成されているカメラ追跡システムであって、
追跡カメラのセットの姿勢に対する前記追跡カメラのセットの追跡ボリュームを定義するモデルを取得し、前記追跡ボリュームは、前記追跡カメラのセットが前記オブジェクトを追跡可能な空間であり、
前記追跡カメラのセットに対するエクステンデッドリアリティ(XR)ヘッドセットの姿勢を示す前記追跡カメラのセットからの追跡情報を受信し、
前記追跡情報によって示される前記XRヘッドセットの前記姿勢に基づいて且つ前記追跡カメラのセットの前記追跡ボリュームを定義する前記モデルに基づいて、前記XRヘッドセットの視点からの前記追跡ボリュームのコンピュータ生成画像を生成し、
ユーザに表示するために前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を前記XRヘッドセットに提供するように構成された、カメラ追跡システム。 - 前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの境界の位置を判定し、判定に基づいて前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を生成し、前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの前記境界の前記位置の間に延びるワイヤフレームを形成する線として前記コンピュータ生成画像をレンダリングするようにさらに構成される、
請求項1に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - 前記追跡カメラのセットからの前記追跡情報が、前記追跡カメラのセットに対する追跡される前記オブジェクトの姿勢をさらに示し、前記カメラ追跡システムが、
前記追跡情報に基づいて前記追跡されるオブジェクトの前記姿勢を判定し、
前記ワイヤフレームの領域に対する前記追跡されるオブジェクトの前記姿勢の間の距離が閾値以下であるという判定に応答して、前記ワイヤフレームの前記領域を形成する線のセグメントの幅を増加することによって前記ワイヤフレームを形成する前記線の幅を制御するようにさらに構成される、請求項2に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - 前記追跡カメラのセットからの前記追跡情報が、前記追跡カメラのセットに対する前記追跡されるオブジェクトの姿勢をさらに示し、前記カメラ追跡システムが、
前記追跡情報に基づいて前記追跡されるオブジェクトの前記姿勢を判定し、
前記追跡ボリュームの前記境界の少なくとも1つに対する前記追跡されるオブジェクトの前記姿勢の近接性に基づいて、前記XRヘッドセットのシースルー表示画面に表示されたときに前記ワイヤフレームムを形成する前記線の不透明度を制御するようにさらに構成される、請求項2に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - 前記ワイヤフレームの領域に対する前記追跡されるオブジェクトの前記姿勢の間の距離が近接通知ルールを満たすという判定に応答して、前記ワイヤフレームの前記領域を形成する線のセグメントの不透明度を増加することによって前記ワイヤフレームを形成する前記線の不透明度を制御するようにさらに構成される、請求項4に記載のカメラ追跡システム。
- さらに、
前記追跡カメラのセットが、前記追跡ボリューム内の離れた場所の関数として、前記オブジェクトを追跡する精度を特徴付ける追跡精度情報を取得するように構成され、
前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像が、前記追跡精度情報に基づいて前記精度を視覚的に示すように、さらに生成される、請求項1に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - さらに、
前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの境界の位置を判定することに基づいて前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を生成し、
前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの前記境界の前記位置の間に延びるワイヤフレームを形成する線として前記コンピュータ生成画像をレンダリングするように構成され、
前記ワイヤフレームを形成する前記線の幅が、前記追跡ボリューム内の離れた部分の位置のうちの、前記精度のバリエーションに対応する少なくともいくつかの位置を視覚的に示すために変化する、請求項6に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - 前記精度を、離れた場所について視覚的に示すための前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像の前記生成が、前記追跡ボリューム内の離れた部分の位置のうちの、前記特徴付けられた精度のバリエーションに対応する少なくともいくつかの位置を視覚的に示すために前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像の様々なコントラストを含む、請求項6に記載のカメラ追跡システム。
- さらに、
前記追跡カメラのセットが、前記追跡ボリューム内の離れた場所の関数として、前記オブジェクトを追跡する精度を特徴付ける追跡精度情報を取得し、
追跡ボリュームは、前記追跡カメラのセットが前記オブジェクトを追跡可能な最大空間である最大追跡ボリュームと、前記追跡カメラのセットが前記オブジェクトを最小精度閾値で追跡可能な空間であるサブボリュームと、を含み、前記サブボリュームは、前記最大追跡ボリューム内であり、前記追跡精度情報に基づいて、前記最大追跡ボリューム内の各位置におけるオブジェクトを追跡する精度が、前記最小精度閾値を満たすか判定し、前記サブボリュームを、前記精度が前記最小精度閾値を満たす位置を含み、満たさない位置を含まないように決定し、
前記追跡情報によって示される前記XRヘッドセットの前記姿勢に基づいて、前記視点からの前記サブボリュームのコンピュータ生成画像を生成し、
ユーザに表示するために前記サブボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を前記XRヘッドセットに提供するように構成される、請求項1に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - 前記サブボリュームおよび前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像がユーザに表示するために前記XRヘッドセットに同時に提供されるとき、前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像と視覚的に区別できるように、前記サブボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を生成するようにさらに構成される、請求項9に記載のカメラ追跡システム。
- 前記サブボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像が、前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像からの色、暗さ、陰影、点滅、アニメーション化された動きの相違に基づいて視覚的に区別できるように生成される、請求項10に記載のカメラ追跡システム。
- 前記追跡カメラのセットが、前記カメラ追跡システムが前記追跡カメラのセットから前記追跡情報を受信している間、前記XRヘッドセットから分離されて離間されており、前記カメラ追跡システムが、さらに、
前記XRヘッドセットに取り付けられた追跡カメラの別のセットの第2追跡ボリュームを定義する第2モデルを取得し、
前記第2モデルに基づいて前記視点からの前記第2追跡ボリュームのコンピュータ生成画像を生成し、
ユーザに表示するために前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を前記XRヘッドセットに提供するように構成される、請求項1に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - さらに、
前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの境界の位置を判定することに基づいて、前記追跡カメラのセットの前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を生成し、前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの前記境界の前記位置の間に延びるワイヤフレームを形成する線として前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像をレンダリングし、
前記視点からの前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記境界の位置を判定することに基づいて前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を生成し、前記視点からの前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記境界の前記位置の間に延びる別のワイヤフレームを形成する線として前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像をレンダリングするように構成される、請求項12に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - 前記追跡カメラのセットの前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像が、前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像からの色、暗さ、陰影、点滅、アニメーション化された動きの相違に基づいて視覚的に区別できるように生成される、請求項13に記載のカメラ追跡システム。
- さらに、
前記XRヘッドセットに取り付けられた別の追跡カメラのセットが前記第2追跡ボリューム内の離れた場所の関数として前記オブジェクトを追跡する精度を特徴付ける他の追跡精度情報を取得するように構成され、
前記第2追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像が、前記第2追跡ボリューム内の前記離れた場所の少なくとも一部について、前記他の追跡情報に基づいて前記第2精度を視覚的に示すように、請求項1に記載のカメラ追跡システム。 - オブジェクトの姿勢をリアルタイムで追跡するように構成されているカメラ追跡システムによる方法であって、
追跡カメラのセットの姿勢に対する前記追跡カメラのセットの追跡ボリュームを定義するモデルを取得し、前記追跡ボリュームは、前記追跡カメラのセットが前記オブジェクトを追跡可能な空間であることと、
前記追跡カメラのセットに対するエクステンデッドリアリティ(XR)ヘッドセットの姿勢を示す前記追跡カメラのセットからの追跡情報を受信することと、
前記追跡情報によって示される前記XRヘッドセットの前記姿勢に基づいて且つ前記追跡カメラのセットの前記追跡ボリュームを定義する前記モデルに基づいて、前記XRヘッドセットの視点からの前記追跡ボリュームのコンピュータ生成画像を生成することと、
ユーザに表示するために前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を前記XRヘッドセットに提供することと、を備える、方法。 - さらに、前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの境界の位置を判定し、判定に基づいて前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を生成することと、前記視点からの前記追跡ボリュームの前記境界の前記位置の間に延びるワイヤフレームを形成する線として前記コンピュータ生成画像をレンダリングすることと、を備える、請求項16に記載の方法。
- さらに、
前記追跡カメラのセットが、前記追跡ボリューム内の離れた場所の関数として、前記オブジェクトを追跡する精度を特徴付ける追跡精度情報を取得することを備え、
前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像が、前記追跡カメラのセットが前記オブジェクトを追跡する前記特徴付けられた精度を視覚的に示すためにさらに生成される、請求項17に記載の方法。 - コンピュータプログラム製品であって、
オブジェクトの姿勢をリアルタイムで追跡するように構成されているカメラ追跡システムの少なくとも1つのプロセッサによって実行可能なプログラムコードであって、
追跡カメラのセットの姿勢に対する前記追跡カメラのセットの追跡ボリュームを定義するモデルを取得し、前記追跡ボリュームは、前記追跡カメラのセットが前記オブジェクトを追跡可能な空間であり、
前記追跡カメラのセットに対するエクステンデッドリアリティ(XR)ヘッドセットの姿勢を示す前記追跡カメラのセットからの追跡情報を受信し、
前記追跡情報によって示される前記XRヘッドセットの前記姿勢に基づいて且つ前記追跡カメラのセットの前記追跡ボリュームを定義する前記モデルに基づいて、前記XRヘッドセットの視点からの前記追跡ボリュームのコンピュータ生成画像を生成し、
ユーザに表示するために前記追跡ボリュームの前記コンピュータ生成画像を前記XRヘッドセットに提供する、プログラムコードを記憶する非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体を備える、コンピュータプログラム製品。
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