JP7312752B2 - シリコンを含有する粒子を組み込む製造方法 - Google Patents
シリコンを含有する粒子を組み込む製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7312752B2 JP7312752B2 JP2020534835A JP2020534835A JP7312752B2 JP 7312752 B2 JP7312752 B2 JP 7312752B2 JP 2020534835 A JP2020534835 A JP 2020534835A JP 2020534835 A JP2020534835 A JP 2020534835A JP 7312752 B2 JP7312752 B2 JP 7312752B2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Description
-粒子は、かさ密度が0.10グラム/立方センチメートルを超える圧縮状態にあり、
-圧縮粒子の比表面積は、互いの間で接触することなく別々に考慮される粒子の比表面積の少なくとも70%(好ましくは少なくとも90%)である。
-粒子を含有する層が堆積する支持体からの電極。前記電極を備える電池、および/または以下を製造することが可能である:
-粒子が広がる支持体からの光起電性パネル。
-粉末に少なくとも20バールの圧力をかけることを可能にする、プレスまたはカレンダーシステム(2つのローラ間を通過)による圧縮。このように圧縮された粉末は、遊離粉末と同じ比表面積を有するが、密度は、150g/Lを超える。そのような方法は、例えば以下の記事で説明されている:R.Vassen and D.Stover,Powder Technology,72(1992)223-226;および/または
-回転造粒:これは、粒状化粉末を得るために、粉末を円筒形の容器(直径5~500cm、好ましくは直径10~200cm)に導入し、それを数時間回転させることからなり、その密度は、100g/Lを超え;回転時間が長いほど、密度は高くなる。回転は、円筒形の容器の最長軸に従って、容器の中心の軸を中心に行われる必要がある。この軸は、多少傾斜させることができる。そのような装置は、米国特許第2013/0330557(A1)号、米国特許第4,980,106号、米国特許第6,231,624(B1)号に記載されている。
-Si、好ましくは他の元素またはドーパントと混合された100質量%のSiまたは少なくとも80質量%のSi、
-SiO2、好ましくは他の元素またはドーパントと混合された100質量%のSiO2または少なくとも80質量%のSiO2、
-SiO2とSiとの混合物、好ましくは他の元素またはドーパントと混合された100%または少なくとも80%のSiおよびSiO2の総質量に対して、好ましくは20~60モル%のSiO2および40~80モル%のSi。
「導電性」とは、支持体上に広がるマトリックスの層と接触している支持体の材料が、0.01Ω.m未満の電気抵抗を有することを意味する。
「半導電性」とは、支持体上に広がるマトリックスの層と接触している支持体の材料が、10,000Ω.m未満、かつ好ましくは0.01Ω.mを超える電気抵抗を有することを意味する。
-例えば、水とともに、マトリックスに組み込まれた粒子の粘度の調整、および/または
-例えば、700rpmで20分のマトリックスでの粒子の混合。
-約2mg.cm-2の支持体上に堆積した乾燥後の最終乾物量のための、例えば、80℃の空気炉で12時間、支持体上に広がる粒子の乾燥、および/または
-支持体の切断。
次いで、以下が選択的に製造される:
-粒子を含有する層が堆積された支持体からの電極(ステップ5)、より正確にはアノード。次いで、(ステップ6)前記電極、セパレータ、およびカソードを備える電池が製造され、すべてが液体または固体電解質と接触し、
-支持体からの光起電性パネル(ステップ7)、その上に、例えば、次いで熱処理される粒子を広げる。
18部のマイクロメトリックシリコン(メッシュ325、粉末A)は、35部のナノメトリックカーボン(Super P)および35部のカーボンファイバー(VGCF)と乾式混合される。次いで、この混合物を、12部のCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)を含有する水溶液と接触させる。
かさ密度(見掛け密度)Dfが、以下であるその最小軸に応じて直径40nmの18部のシリコンナノ粒子:
-45g/Lまたは0.045g.cm-3(電池B用の粉末B)、または
-108g/L0.108g.cm-3(電池C用の粉末C)、または
-148g/L0.148g.cm-3(電池D用の粉末D)、または
-180g/L0.180g.cm-3(電池E用の粉末E)、または
-208g/L0.208g.cm-3(電池F用の粉末F)、または
-320g/L0.320g.cm-3(電池G用の粉末G)(図2のX軸を参照)
および以下のそれぞれのBET表面積:
-43.6m2/g(電池B用の粉末B)、または
-43.7m2/g(電池C用の粉末C)、または
-43.2m2/g(電池D用の粉末D)、または
-43.4m2/g(電池E用の粉末E)、または
-43.1m2/g(電池F用の粉末F)、または
-43.3m2/g(電池G用の粉末G)
は、35部のナノメートルカーボン(Super P)および35部のカーボンファイバー(VGCF)と乾式混合される。次いで、この混合物を、12部のCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)を含有する水溶液と接触させる。
以下を含む初期サイクル:
・2時間のOCV(「開放電圧」)
・1mAおよび1.5mAに制限されたC20放電
・その後の絶対値が同じC20充電
各サイクルが、以下を含むその後の2サイクル目、3サイクル目、4サイクル目、…100サイクル目:
・1mAおよび1.5mAに制限されたC5放電
・その後の絶対値が同じC5充電。
電圧は、0.01V~1.5Vに制限される。
下の表1は、電池A~Gのサイクル結果を示す。
(Si移動量/移動時間)粉末A、B、C、D、E、F、またはG/(Si移動量/移動時間)非圧縮ナノSi製品。
結果を以下の表2に示す:
10x(移動したSiの雲の高さ)粉末A、B、C、D、E、F、またはG/(移動したSiの雲の高さ)非圧縮ナノSi製品。
結果を以下の表3に示す:
-金属性、すなわち、金属結合を有する;例えば、銅、アルミニウム、鉄、ニッケル、クロム、コバルト、チタン、マンガン、リチウム、スカンジウム、および/またはこれらの元素の混合物など、
-セラミック(すなわち、ガラス化もしくは非ガラス化体、結晶もしくは部分結晶構造、またはガラス状アモルファスを有し、その本体は、本質的に無機および非金属物質から形成され、冷却時に固化する溶融塊によって形成されるか、または熱の作用によって同時にもしくは後で形成されて成熟される);例えば、炭化物、窒化物、または酸化物の形態のシリコン、アルミニウム、ホウ素、タングステン、ジルコニウムを含有するセラミックなど。
粉っぽさおよび流動の点での技術的利点は、第1の実施形態と同じである。
粒子の組み込みは、マトリックスが固体状態(例えば、粉末の形態のマトリックス、その後、粒子およびマトリックスが焼結もしくは融合によって結合される)または液体状態(例えば、溶融金属)であるときに行われる。
Claims (12)
- シリコンを含有するサブミクロン粒子が、マトリックスに組み込まれる製造方法であって、各サブミクロン粒子のコアが、少なくとも80質量%のSi、少なくとも80質量%のSiO 2 、または少なくとも80質量%のSiとSiO 2 との混合物を含み、
前記粒子の組み込み中に、
前記粒子が、かさ密度が0.10グラム/立方センチメートルを超える圧縮状態にあり、
前記圧縮粒子の比表面積が、互いの間で接触することなく別々に考慮される粒子の比表面積の少なくとも70%である、
ことを特徴とする、製造方法。 - 前記粒子の組み込み中に、前記圧縮粒子が、互いの間に共有結合を有さないことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 事前に前記マトリックスに組み込まれた前記粒子が、導電性または半導電性支持体上に広がり、そして前記粒子が、前記支持体に固定されることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子を含有する層が、堆積される前記支持体から電極が製造されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記電極を備える電池が製造されることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が広がる前記支持体から光起電性パネルが製造されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮粒子が、非圧縮状態の前記粒子から始まる圧縮するステップによって得られ、その結果、前記圧縮ステップ中に、前記粒子が400℃より高い温度に供されないことを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮粒子の前記マトリックスへの組み込みが、前記粒子が添加剤を含まない場合に行われることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、非酸化シリコンのコアを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスが、炭素を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスが、金属および/またはセラミックマトリックスであることを特徴とする、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスが、液体および/または固体マトリックスであることを特徴とする、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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PCT/EP2018/084624 WO2019121261A1 (fr) | 2017-12-22 | 2018-12-12 | Procede de fabrication incorporant des particules a base de silicium |
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JP2021506722A (ja) | 2021-02-22 |
KR20200101938A (ko) | 2020-08-28 |
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