JP7218155B2 - 改質装置、改質ガスの製造方法、及び改質システム - Google Patents
改質装置、改質ガスの製造方法、及び改質システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管と、
前記触媒層のガス入口側の長さ方向に対応する位置における前記改質反応管の外周面に冷却用流体を吹き付けるための吹き付け装置と、を備える
ことを特徴とする。
前記吹き付け装置は、前記メタン含有ガスが流れる第1管と、前記第1管の外側に配置され、前記冷却用流体が流れる第2管とを少なくとも備える多重管を含む
ことを特徴とする。
前記第2管は、前記触媒層に熱を供給するための燃焼器を備えた改質炉の燃焼空間に開口しており、
前記改質装置は、前記冷却用流体に含まれる空気を前記燃焼空間に供給するように構成された
ことを特徴とする。
前記冷却用流体の温度は、前記触媒層に前記メタン含有ガスが導入された際に固体炭素が析出する第1温度以下である
ことを特徴とする。
メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管と、
前記触媒層のガス入口側の長さ方向に対応する位置における前記改質反応管の外周面に設けられた断熱材と、を備える
ことを特徴とする。
前記断熱材の厚さは、前記メタン含有ガスが前記触媒層に導入された際に、前記メタン含有ガスの温度が固体炭素が析出する第1温度以下となるような厚さに構成される
ことを特徴とする。
メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管を備え、
前記触媒層は、ガス流れ方向の断面視において、ガス流れ上流側に配置される第1触媒層と、前記第1触媒層よりもガス流れ下流側に配置される第2触媒層とを含み、
前記第1触媒層は、前記第2触媒層を流れるガスの流れよりも、前記第1触媒層を流れるガスの乱流を促進させるように構成され、又は、
前記第1触媒層に含まれる第1改質触媒の触媒活性は、前記第2触媒層に含まれる第2改質触媒の触媒活性よりも大きくなっている
ことを特徴とする。
メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管を備え、
前記触媒層は、ガス流れ方向に直交する方向の断面視において、第1触媒層と、前記第1触媒層によって囲われるように配置される第2触媒層とを含み、
前記第1触媒層は、前記第2触媒層を流れるガスの流れよりも、前記第1触媒層を流れるガスの乱流を促進させるように構成され、又は、
前記第1触媒層に含まれる第1改質触媒の触媒活性は、前記第2触媒層に含まれる第2改質触媒の触媒活性よりも大きくなっている
ことを特徴とする。
メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質システムであって、
上記(1)~(8)の何れか1に記載の改質装置であって第1改質装置及び第2改質装置を含む改質装置と、
前記改質装置へのメタン含有ガス供給系統であって、前記第1改質装置に前記メタン含有ガスを供給するための第1メタン含有ガス供給系統、及び、前記第2改質装置に前記メタン含有ガスを供給するための第2メタン含有ガス供給系統を含むメタン含有ガス供給系統と、
前記第1改質装置に供給される前記メタン含有ガスに水蒸気を追加的に供給するための追加水蒸気供給系統と、
前記第1改質装置で生成した前記改質ガスを前記第2改質装置に供給するための第1改質ガス排出系統と、を備える
ことを特徴とする。
例えば、「ある方向に」、「ある方向に沿って」、「平行」、「直交」、「中心」、「同心」或いは「同軸」等の相対的或いは絶対的な配置を表す表現は、厳密にそのような配置を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の角度や距離をもって相対的に変位している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、「同一」、「等しい」及び「均質」等の物事が等しい状態であることを表す表現は、厳密に等しい状態を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の差が存在している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表す表現は、幾何学的に厳密な意味での四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表すのみならず、同じ効果が得られる範囲で、凹凸部や面取り部等を含む形状も表すものとする。
一方、一の構成要素を「備える」、「具える」、「具備する」、「含む」、又は、「有する」という表現は、他の構成要素の存在を除外する排他的な表現ではない。
CH4→C(固体)+2H2 ・・・反応式(1)
反応式(1)の平衡定数は温度によって変化するため、反応式(1)の炭素析出限界線が、図4及び図5における破線で示すグラフである。このグラフは、非特許文献1(J.-W. Snoeck et.al, Journal of Catalysis, Volume 169, Issue 1, 1 July 1997, Pages 250-262)から引用したものである。破線で示すグラフにおいて、下側領域は固体炭素が析出する領域であり、上側領域は固体炭素が析出しない領域である。
2CO→C(固体)+CO2 ・・・反応式(2)
CO+H2→C(固体)+H2O ・・・反応式(3)
1A 第1改質装置
1B 第2改質装置
1C 第3改質装置
10 改質反応管
11 空間
12 触媒層
12a 改質触媒
13 第1触媒層
13a 第1改質触媒
14 第2触媒層
14a 第2改質触媒
15a 多孔板
15b 多孔管
100 改質炉
101 天井
102 燃焼器
102a 燃料流路
102b 火炎
103 多重管
103a 第1管
103b 第2管
105 空気管
106,121 開口部
108 装置
110 燃焼空間
111 炉外空間
131 断熱材
200 改質システム
201 第1メタン含有ガス供給系統
202 第2メタン含有ガス供給系統
203 第3メタン含有ガス供給系統
210 メタン含有ガス供給系統
211 追加水蒸気供給系統
221 第1改質ガス排出系統
222 第2改質ガス排出系統
223 第3改質ガス排出系統
Claims (9)
- メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管と、
前記触媒層のガス入口側の長さ方向に対応する位置における前記改質反応管の外周面に冷却用流体を吹き付けるための吹き付け装置と、を備える
ことを特徴とする、改質装置。 - 前記吹き付け装置は、前記メタン含有ガスが流れる第1管と、前記第1管の外側に配置され、前記冷却用流体が流れる第2管とを少なくとも備える多重管を含む
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 - 前記第2管は、前記触媒層に熱を供給するための燃焼器を備えた改質炉の燃焼空間に開口しており、
前記改質装置は、前記冷却用流体に含まれる空気が前記燃焼空間に供給するように構成された
ことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の改質装置。 - 前記冷却用流体の温度は、前記触媒層に前記メタン含有ガスが導入された際に固体炭素が析出する第1温度以下である
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の改質装置。 - メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
天井によって炉外空間と仕切られる燃焼空間を有する改質炉と、
前記天井を貫通して設けられ、前記燃焼空間に火炎を生じさせるための燃焼器と、
前記炉外空間から前記燃焼空間へと延びるように前記天井を貫通して設けられ、前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管と、
前記触媒層のガス入口側の長さ方向に対応する位置における前記改質反応管の外周に捲かれた断熱材と、を備える
ことを特徴とする、改質装置。 - 前記断熱材の厚さは、前記メタン含有ガスが前記触媒層に導入された際に、前記メタン含有ガスの温度が固体炭素が析出する第1温度以下となるような厚さに構成される
ことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の改質装置。 - メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管を備え、
前記触媒層は、ガス流れ方向の断面視において、ガス流れ上流側に配置される第1触媒層と、前記第1触媒層よりもガス流れ下流側に配置される第2触媒層とを含み、
前記第1触媒層は、前記第2触媒層を流れるガスの流れよりも、前記第1触媒層を流れるガスの乱流を促進させるように構成され、又は、
前記第1触媒層に含まれる第1改質触媒の触媒活性は、前記第2触媒層に含まれる第2改質触媒の触媒活性よりも大きくなっている
ことを特徴とする、改質装置。 - メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質装置であって、
前記メタン含有ガスの改質を行うための改質触媒が充填される触媒層を内部に有する改質反応管を備え、
前記触媒層は、ガス流れ方向に直交する方向の断面視において、第1触媒層と、前記第1触媒層によって囲われるように配置される第2触媒層とを含み、
前記第1触媒層は、前記第2触媒層を流れるガスの流れよりも、前記第1触媒層を流れるガスの乱流を促進させるように構成され、又は、
前記第1触媒層に含まれる第1改質触媒の触媒活性は、前記第2触媒層に含まれる第2改質触媒の触媒活性よりも大きくなっている
ことを特徴とする、改質装置。 - メタン及び二酸化炭素を含むメタン含有ガスから改質ガスを製造するための改質システムであって、
請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の改質装置であって第1改質装置及び第2改質装置を含む改質装置と、
前記改質装置へのメタン含有ガス供給系統であって、前記第1改質装置に前記メタン含有ガスを供給するための第1メタン含有ガス供給系統、及び、前記第2改質装置に前記メタン含有ガスを供給するための第2メタン含有ガス供給系統を含むメタン含有ガス供給系統と、
前記第1改質装置に供給される前記メタン含有ガスに水蒸気を追加的に供給するための追加水蒸気供給系統と、
前記第1改質装置で生成した前記改質ガスを前記第2改質装置に供給するための第1改質ガス排出系統と、を備える
ことを特徴とする、改質システム。
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