JP7203990B2 - 負極材料、並びに、それを含む電気化学装置及び電子装置 - Google Patents
負極材料、並びに、それを含む電気化学装置及び電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7203990B2 JP7203990B2 JP2021540531A JP2021540531A JP7203990B2 JP 7203990 B2 JP7203990 B2 JP 7203990B2 JP 2021540531 A JP2021540531 A JP 2021540531A JP 2021540531 A JP2021540531 A JP 2021540531A JP 7203990 B2 JP7203990 B2 JP 7203990B2
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- amorphous carbon
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- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
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- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
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- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
(i)重合体層、及び/又は
(ii)アモルファスカーボン層を有し、
且つ、前記重合体層又はアモルファスカーボン層がカーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記ケイ素系粒子が金属元素を含み、前記金属元素がFe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co又はそれらの任意の組み合わせを含み、前記ケイ素系粒子の全重量に対して、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co又はそれらの任意の組み合わせから選ばれる金属元素の含有量が約2500ppm未満である、負極材料を提供する。
ある実施例において、本発明は、ケイ素系粒子を含む負極材料を提供し、前記ケイ素系粒子がケイ素含有マトリックスを含み、前記ケイ素含有マトリックスの少なくとも一部の表面に
(i)重合体層、及び/又は
(ii)アモルファスカーボン層、を有し、
且つ、前記重合体層又はアモルファスカーボン層がカーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記ケイ素系粒子が金属元素を含み、前記金属元素がFe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co又はそれらの任意の組み合わせを含み、前記ケイ素系粒子の全重量に対して、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co又はそれらの任意の組み合わせから選ばれる金属元素の含有量が約2500ppm未満である。別の実施例において、前記ケイ素含有マトリックスの表面全体に(i)重合体層、及び/又は(ii)アモルファスカーボン層を有する。
本発明の実施例は、上記のいずれかの負極材料を調製する方法を提供し、前記方法は、以下のステップを含む。
(1)カーボンナノチューブ粉末を、重合体を含む溶液に加え、約1~24h分散して、スラリーが得られ、
(2)ケイ素含有マトリックスを上記スラリーに加え、約2~4h分散して、混合スラリーが得られ、
(3)前記混合スラリーにおける溶媒を除去し、及び、
(4)粉砕して篩い分けて、ケイ素系粒子が得られる。
本発明の実施例は、負極を提供する。前記負極は、集電体と、当該集電体上に設けられる負極活物質層とを含む。前記負極活物質層は、本発明の実施例に係る負極材料を含む。
本発明の実施例に用いられる正極の材料、構造及びその製造方法は、先行技術に開示されたあらゆる技術を含む。ある実施例において、正極は、米国特許出願US9812739Bに記載されたものであり、その全体を引用するように本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の実施例に用いられる電解液は、先行技術において既知の電解液であってもよい。
ある実施例において、正極と負極との間には、短絡を防止するためにセパレーターが設けられている。本発明の実施例に用いられるセパレーターの材料と形状は特に制限されなく、先行技術に開示された任意のものであってもよい。ある実施例において、セパレーターは、本発明の電解液に対して安定である材料から形成された重合体又は無機物などを含む。
本発明の実施例は、電気化学装置を提供し、前記電気化学装置は、電気化学反応が発生する任意の装置を含む。
本発明の電子装置は、本発明の実施例に記載の電気化学装置を使用したあらゆる装置であることができる。
粉末の特性の測定方法
1、比表面積の測定:定温低温で、異なる相対圧力で固体表面へ気体の吸着量を測定した後、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller吸着理論とその公式(BET公式)に基づいて、試料の単分子層吸着量を求めることで、固体の比表面積を計算した。
粉末サンプル約1.5~3.5gを秤量し、TriStar II 3020の測定用サンプル瓶に入れ、約200℃で120min脱気した後、測定を行った。
粉末:各実施例及び比較例におけるケイ素系負極活物質を0.2g秤量し、それらを、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)製のビーカーに置き、電子天びんの測定値が安定となるまで待ち、そして、サンプルの重量を記録し、0.0001gの精度になった。サンプルに濃HNO3 10 mL及びHF 2mLを徐々に添加した後、220℃のプレートヒーターに置き、ほぼ蒸発乾固するまで加熱分解し、硝酸10mLを徐々に添加し、15min加熱分解し続け、サンプルを完全に溶解させた。溶解したサンプルをヒュームフードに置き、室温まで冷却した。サンプル溶液を均一になるまで振った後、ろ紙を1枚敷いた漏斗にゆっくり注ぎ、そして、ビーカー及びろ過残渣を3回洗い流した。続いて、20±5℃で50mLに定容し、均一になるまで振った。誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置(PE 7000)でろ液のイオンのプラズマ強度を測定し、標準曲線からろ液のイオン濃度を計算することにより、サンプルに含まれる元素の含有量を計算した。
負極:各実施例及び比較例で得られた負極表面活物質を削り取った後、2hの600℃熱処理を行い、その後、上記熱処理した活物質を秤量し、粉末サンプルと同じ測定方法で金属元素含有量の測定を行った。
乾燥したアルゴンガス雰囲気下で、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)と、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)と(重量比が約1:1:1である)を混合してなる溶剤に、LiPF6(濃度が1.15mol/Lである)を加えて、均一に混合した後、約7.5wt%のフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)をさらに添加し、そして、均一に混合し、電解液を得た。
1、高温サイクル特性の測定:測定温度が45℃であり、0.7Cで4.4Vまで定電流充電し、0.025Cまで定電圧充電し、5min静置した後、0.5Cで3.0Vまで放電した。このステップで得られた容量を初期容量とし、0.7C充電/0.5C放電で、サイクル測定を行い、各ステップの容量と初期容量との比により、容量の減衰曲線(容量の減衰曲線がサイクル数をX軸とし、容量維持率をY軸とする)を得た。45℃で容量維持率が80%となるまでサイクルするサイクル数を記録して、電池の高温サイクル特性を比較した。
K=(V1-V2)/48(単位:mV/h)
正極の調製
LiCoO2と、導電性カーボンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、96.7%:1.7%:1.6%の重量比でN-メチルピロリドン溶媒系に十分に撹拌し、均一に混合して、正極スラリーを得た。得られた正極スラリーを正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔に塗布し、乾燥し、冷間圧延して、正極を得た。
グラファイトと実施例におけるケイ素系負極活物質とを、89:11の重量比で混合し、グラムあたりの容量が500mAh/gである混合された負極活物質を得た。混合された負極活物質と、導電剤であるアセチレンブラックと、PAAとを、95:1.2:3.8の重量比で脱イオン水に十分に撹拌し、均一に混合し、Cu箔に塗布し、乾燥し、冷間圧延して、負極板を得た。
乾燥したアルゴンガス雰囲気下で、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)と、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)と(重量比が1:1:1である)を混合してなる溶剤に、LiPF6(濃度が1mol/Lである)を加えて、均一に混合した後、10wt%のフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)をさらに添加し、そして、均一に混合して、電解液を得た。
PE多孔質重合体フィルムをセパレーターとする。
セパレーターが正極と負極との間に介在して隔離の役割を果たすように、正極と、セパレーターと、負極とを順に積層し、巻いて電池コアを得た。電池コアを外装に入れ、電解液を注入し、封止した。フォーメーション(formation)、脱気、トリミング等のプロセスを経て、リチウムイオン電池を得た。
1、以下の方法に従って実施例1~9及び比較例1~6におけるケイ素系負極活物質を調製した。
(1)カーボンナノチューブと重合体とを水に高速で約12h分散させて、均一に混合されたスラリーが得られ、
(2)SiO(Dv50が3μmである)をステップ(1)で得られた均一に混合されたスラリーに加え、約4時間撹拌して均一に混合された分散液が得られ、
(3)前記分散液をスプレー乾燥(入口温度200℃,出口温度110℃)して、粉末が得られ、及び、
(4)冷却して粉末サンプルを取り、粉砕し、400メッシュで篩い分けて、ケイ素系負極活物質として、ケイ素系粒子が得られた。
実施例10~12及び比較例7におけるケイ素系負極活物質の調製方法は、実施例1~9及び比較例1-6におけるケイ素系負極活物質の調製方法に似て、その相違点は、実施例10~12及び比較例7がスプレー乾燥後に焼結ステップをさらに含み、焼結条件が窒素ガス雰囲気で3℃/minで600℃まで加温し、2h保温することである、ことである。
Claims (9)
- ケイ素系粒子を含む負極材料であって、
前記ケイ素系粒子がケイ素含有マトリックスを含み、前記ケイ素含有マトリックスの少なくとも一部の表面に
(i)重合体層、及び/又は
(ii)アモルファスカーボン層を有し、
且つ、前記重合体層又はアモルファスカーボン層がカーボンナノチューブを含み、
前記ケイ素系粒子が金属元素を含み、前記金属元素がFe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co又はそれらの任意の組み合わせを含み、前記ケイ素系粒子の全重量に対して、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Co又はそれらの任意の組み合わせから選ばれる金属元素の含有量が2500ppm未満であり、
前記ケイ素含有マトリックスがSiO x を含み、且つ0.6≦x≦1.5を満たす、負極材料。 - 前記ケイ素含有マトリックスがSi、SiO、SiO2、SiC又はそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 前記Siの粒子サイズが100nm未満である、請求項2に記載の負極材料。
- 前記重合体層がカルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアニリン、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリシロキサン、ポリスチレンブタジエンゴム、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリフルオレン又はそれらの任意の組み合わせのような重合体を含み、前記アモルファスカーボン層におけるアモルファスカーボンが前記重合体を焼結して得られるものである、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 前記ケイ素系粒子の全重量に対して、前記重合体層又は前記アモルファスカーボン層の含有量が0.05~15wt%であり、前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量が0.01~10wt%であり、及び/又は、前記カーボンナノチューブに対する前記重合体層における重合体又は前記アモルファスカーボン層におけるアモルファスカーボンの重量比が1:5~10:1である、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 前記重合体層又は前記アモルファスカーボン層の厚さが2~200nmであり、前記ケイ素系粒子の平均粒子径が500nm~30μmであり、及び/又は前記ケイ素系粒子の比表面積が0.5~50m2/gである、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の負極材料を含む、負極。
- 請求項7に記載の負極を含む、電気化学装置。
- 請求項8に記載の電気化学装置を含む、電子装置。
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