JP7252339B2 - アオキ抽出物を含む黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物 - Google Patents
アオキ抽出物を含む黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
アオキ葉と茎は、2018年8月に大韓民国慶尚南道巨済市一運面知世浦里の林野から採集し、証拠標本は、大韓民国の全北大試料保管室に保管中である。アオキ50g(葉と茎との混合物)を30%エタノール(w/w)1500mlに入れて、70~100℃で3時間1回還流抽出した後、減圧濃縮及び凍結乾燥して、30%エタノール還流抽出物を得た。
アオキ葉と茎は、2018年8月に大韓民国慶尚南道巨済市一運面知世浦里の林野から採集し、証拠標本は、大韓民国の全北大試料保管室に保管中である。以後、アオキ50g(葉と茎との混合物)に900mlの蒸留水を加えた後、100℃で3時間煎湯して減圧濃縮した後、乾燥してアオキ熱水抽出物を製造した。
3-1.試薬及び機器
標準品アウクビン(aucubin)(純度99.5%)は、Biopurity Phytochemicals Ltd(Chungdu、China)から購入した。HPLC分析のための移動相溶媒アセトニトリルと水(J.T.Backer、USA)は、いずれもHPLC級を使用した。HPLC分析には、Agilent社の1200 analytical HPLC systemが使われ、2元ポンプ(binary pump、G1312A)、真空気泡除去機(vacuum degasser、G1322A)、カラム温度調節装置(thermostatted column compartment、G1316A)、多波長UV検出器(multiple wavelength detector、1365B、MWD)、試料自動注入器(autosampler、G1329A)で構成された。ChemStation softwareが装備運用及び分析結果の処理に使われた。
標準品アウクビンは、2mg/mLの濃度でMeOHに溶解させた後、段階的に希釈して、それぞれ2000、1000、500、100ug/mLの濃度で検量線用標準溶液を製造した。それぞれの検量線用標準溶液をカラムに注入し、HPLC分析を実施して、クロマトグラムを得て、このピークデータ(peak data)をプロット(plot)して、定量分析のためのそれぞれの検量線を作成した。
アオキ抽出物100mgを10ml volumetric flaskに入れ、50% MeOHを使用して標線まで合わせた後、5分間超音波抽出した。製造した検液のうち、1mlを取って0.45μm Whatman PVDF syringe filterで濾過した後、HPLC分析に使用した。
Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18(4.6x250mm/5.0μm、Agilent)がHPLC分析に使われ、カラム温度は、35°に設定し、UV検出器波長は、210nmに設定し、試料注入は、試料自動注入器を用いて3μLを注入した。移動相は、水(A)とアセトニトリル(B)との混合溶液を使用して流速1.0ml/minに設定し、移動相の組成比率勾配(gradient)は、下記の表1のようである。
A2E(Gene and cell technologies、USA)を0.5% DMSOが含まれたPBSに100μMで溶解させた後、96 well microplateにそれぞれ180μlずつ添加した後、前記培養液にvehicle(control)または実施例1及び実施例2のアオキ抽出物を20μlずつ添加した。前記混合物を青色光(430nm、intensity:2.0~2.5mW/cm2)に10分間露出させた。A2Eが光酸化された程度を測定するために、UV A照射前と後とにマイクロプレートリーダー(micro plate leader)を使用して440nmでの吸光度を測定した。リポフスチン(A2E)は、黄斑変性の原因物質であって、網膜色素上皮細胞に沈着し、青色光などに光酸化されて細胞毒性を示す。図2のように、アオキ30%エタノール抽出物のリポフスチンの光酸化を50%抑制する濃度(inhibitory concentration 50%、IC50)が15.2ug/mlであり、熱水抽出物の場合、IC50が82.6ug/mと確認された。30%エタノール抽出物が熱水抽出物に比べて、効力が5倍量優れていることが分かった。したがって、以後のあらゆる動物モデルを利用した試験は、アオキ30%エタノール抽出物(以後、表記「AJE」)を用いて行った。
5-1.組織病理学的評価
6週齢の雄C57BL/6マウスを(株)オリエント(城南、大韓民国)から購入して、1週間順化後に使用した。乾性黄斑変性で表われる網膜組織の形態学的な変化のうち、視細胞(photoreceptor cell)の損傷及び変性を誘発するために、N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU、Sigma、USA)を0.05%酢酸(acetic acid)溶液に1%濃度になるように準備して、7週齢の雄C57BL/6マウスの腹腔に1% MNU溶液を各個体当たり60mg/kgほど腹腔に投与した。正常群では、同量の0.05%酢酸のみ腹腔投与した。アオキ30%エタノール抽出物(AJE)は、100及び250mg/kg/dayの濃度になるように滅菌3次蒸留水に溶かして調剤した後、MNU投与後、同日から7日間毎日1回経口投与した。対照薬物としては、ルテイン(lutein)を50mg/kg/dayの濃度で同期間経口投与した。試験薬物投与終了後、剖検を実施して眼球を摘出した後、10%中性化ホルマリンに一日間固定した後、パラフィンで包埋してスライド切片を作製した。スライド切片は、Hematoxylin & Eosin(H&E)染色して光学顕微鏡下で観察する。視細胞の損傷&変形は、網膜組織の外側網膜層の厚さの変化を測定して評価した。MNUで誘導する視神経消失動物モデルにアオキ30%エタノール抽出物(AJE)をそれぞれ100、250mg/kg/dayの濃度で1週間経口投与した結果、視神経細胞の消失による外側網膜層の厚さの減少を濃度依存的に抑制することを確認した(図3)。特に、乾性黄斑変性の予防に広く使われているルテインと効能を比較した結果、アオキ30%エタノール抽出物(AJE)素材がさらに優れた効能を示すことを確認した。
網膜電位図(ERG、electroretinogram)とは、光に対する視神経の反応で生じた電気的な信号を示す網膜視神経の伝導で網膜損傷や疾病の有無を確認する指標として用いられる。本発明者らは、網膜電位図を測定した。剖検一日前、16時間以上の暗順応後に、ERG測定のために、isoflurane(フルラン、中外製薬)で呼吸麻酔させた後、0.5%トロピカミド(tropicamide)を用いて瞳孔を散大させて、全身麻酔下に体温を保持させたまま眼球に1% メチルセルロース(methylcellulose)を適量塗布し、Gold wire loops関電極(recording electrode)を角膜に接地させ、不関電極(reference electrode)をほおの部位に、接地電極(ground eletrode)はしっぽに接地させた後、ERGの測定は、Retiport(Roland consult、Germany)を用いて測定した。刺激(Stimulation)は、white LED lightを用いて暗順応閃光反応(scotopic flash response)からa波とb波とを求めた。ERGは、一般的にa波及びb波で構成されており、a波は、光水溶体によって表われ、b波は、網膜が光刺激によって内核層(inner nuclear layer)にあるバイポーラ(bipolar)細胞が脱分極(depolarization)されて生じる。モデル動物で網膜電位図(ERG)を測定した結果、アオキ30%エタノール抽出物(AJE)の投与がa波及びb波の神経伝導の抑制を改善し、視細胞の活性減少を抑制することを確認した。
neovascularization(CNV)rat)でアオキ抽出物(AJE)のアオキ抽出物の効力確認
7週齢の雄Brown Norway(BN)ラット(rat)(SLC Japan、Tokyo、Japan)を1週間順化させた後、ペントバルビタールナトリウム(pentobarbital sodium)(翰林製薬、25mg/kg)を腹腔注射して麻酔した。以後、1%トロピカミド点眼液(tropicamide eye drop)で瞳孔を拡張させた後、ダイオードレーザ(波長:532nm、直径:100μm、パワー:150mW、期間:0.1sec)を用いて視神経円板(optic nerve head)周囲の6箇所に光凝固(photocoagulation)点を作り、ブルッフ膜(Bruch’s membrane)の破壊は、特徴的なバブル(bubble)の形成で検証した。光凝固処理後、雄ラットは、ランダムに群当たり10匹ずつ5群に群分離した後、各群に合う濃度で薬物を調剤して10日間経口投与した。試験薬物は、100及び250mg/kg/dayの濃度になるように滅菌3次蒸留水に溶かして調剤した後、光凝固処理後、同日から10日間毎日1回経口投与した。対照薬物としては、ルテインを100mg/kg/dayの濃度で同期間経口投与した。薬物投与10日後、動物を犠牲した後、眼球を摘出して顕微鏡下で角膜と孔膜(白眼)隣接部位で眼球を切開した後、眼球の後部組織を用いて網膜を取り外した後、subretina部位が含まれた結膜組織を分離した。分離した組織は、4%パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)に1時間固定後、PBSで洗浄して、5% Triton X-100と1% BSAとを含んだPBSに3時間撹拌した後、再び洗浄後、PBSに1mg/mlで溶かしたendothelial cell markerであるisolectin B4(sigma)を1:50に希釈して、4℃でovernightした。0.05% Tween 20が含まれたPBSで2時間洗浄した後、streptavidin TRITCを1:500に希釈して、37℃で4時間反応させた後、PBSで30分洗浄して蛍光顕微鏡(BX51、Olympus、Japan)下で観察し、網膜下新生血管(Subretina neovascularization)部位のサイズは、Image J software(NIH、USA)を用いて分析した。湿性黄斑変性は、subretinal部位で未成熟した新生血管の発生及び浮腫を特徴とする。実験的に脈絡膜新生血管を誘発するために、レーザ(laser)を用いてブルッフ膜を破裂してCNVを誘発した後、AJEをそれぞれ100、250mg/kg/dayの濃度で10日間経口投与した結果、CNVの形成を濃度依存的に抑制することを確認した。特に、乾性黄斑変性の予防に広く使われているルテインと効能を比較した結果、AJEがさらに優れた効能を示すことを確認した。
本発明の例示的な態様を以下に記載する。
<1> アオキ抽出物を含む、黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
<2> 前記黄斑変性は、加齢性黄班変性である、<1>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
<3> 前記アオキ抽出物は、アオキの葉、茎またはその混合物を抽出した、<1>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
<4> 前記アオキ抽出物は、水、炭素数1~4の低級アルコールまたはその混合溶媒として抽出された、<1>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
<5> 前記アオキ抽出物は、20~40%エタノール(w/w)水溶液で抽出された、<1>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
<6> アオキ抽出物を含む、黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物。
<7> 前記黄斑変性は、加齢性黄班変性である、<6>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物。
<8> 前記アオキ抽出物は、アオキの葉、茎またはその混合物を抽出した、<6>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物。
<9> 前記アオキ抽出物は、水、炭素数1~4の低級アルコールまたはその混合溶媒として抽出された、<6>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物。
<10> 前記アオキ抽出物は、20~40%エタノール(w/w)水溶液で抽出された、<6>に記載の黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物。
<11> アオキ抽出物をそれを必要とする個体に薬学的に有効な量で投与する段階を含む、黄斑変性の予防及び治療方法。
<12> アオキ抽出物を黄斑変性の予防及び治療用組成物に使用するための用途。
Claims (6)
- 20~40%エタノール(w/w)水溶液を用いた抽出によりアオキ抽出物を得ることを含む、アオキ抽出物を含む黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物の製造方法。
- 前記黄斑変性は、加齢性黄班変性である、請求項1に記載の黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物の製造方法。
- 前記アオキ抽出物は、アオキの葉、茎またはその混合物を抽出した抽出物である、請求項1に記載の黄斑変性の予防または治療用薬学的組成物の製造方法。
- 20~40%エタノール(w/w)水溶液を用いた抽出によりアオキ抽出物を得ることを含む、アオキ抽出物を含む黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物の製造方法。
- 前記黄斑変性は、加齢性黄班変性である、請求項4に記載の黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物の製造方法。
- 前記アオキ抽出物は、アオキの葉、茎またはその混合物を抽出した抽出物である、請求項4に記載の黄斑変性の予防または改善用健康機能食品組成物の製造方法。
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