JP7181819B2 - ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a ventilation system capable of reducing cooling and heating loads.

The indoor environment of the building was controlled by air-conditioning equipment, but since a lot of heat goes in and out through the windows, and electricity costs are high, there was a need for something economically superior.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation system capable of reducing the amount of heat flowing in and out through windows and reducing the air conditioning load.

In order to achieve the above object, the ventilation system according to claim 1 is provided with a plurality of windows provided on the walls of the building in different directions, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and the outside air is outside. It flows in one direction along the inner surface of the glass, turns back at the edge of the intermediate layer between the outer glass and the inner glass, and flows in the other direction along the outer surface of the inner glass to acquire solar heat. Heat is recovered , and the internal air flows in one direction along the outer surface of the inner glass, turns back at the end of the intermediate layer, and flows in the other direction along the inner surface of the outer glass, thereby suppressing heat loss. Of the multiple windows, outside air is taken in from the window in the direction where the sunlight hits, and inside air is discharged from the window in the other direction. It is characterized in that the windows for air supply and exhaust are switched so that the outside air is taken in from the window in the receiving direction .

The ventilation system according to the second aspect of the invention comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of a building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and outside air flowing along the inner surface of the outer glass. flow in one direction, fold back at the edge of the intermediate layer between the outer glass and the inner glass, and collect cold heat by flowing in the other direction along the outer surface of the inner glass, and the inside air along the outer surface of the inner glass It flows in one direction through the middle layer, turns back at the edge of the intermediate layer, and flows in the other direction along the inner surface of the outer glass, thereby suppressing the acquisition of solar heat. The inside air is discharged from the window and the outside air is taken in from the window in the other direction. It is characterized by the fact that the air and exhaust windows are switched .

The ventilation system according to the invention of claim 1 comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of a building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and outside air flowing along the inner surface of the outer glass. It flows in one direction, turns back at the edge of the intermediate layer between the outer glass and the inner glass, and flows in the other direction along the outer surface of the inner glass to obtain solar heat and collect heat , and the inside air is inside. Heat loss is suppressed by flowing in one direction along the outer surface of the glass, folding back at the edge of the intermediate layer, and flowing in the other direction along the inner surface of the outer glass. By taking in outside air from the windows in the opposite direction, it is possible to obtain solar heat and recover the heat , and by discharging inside air from the windows in other directions, it is possible to suppress heat loss, so the heating load can be suppressed. This ventilation system has the effect of reducing the heating load by switching the air supply and exhaust windows so that the outside air is taken in from the window in the direction that receives the sun in conjunction with the change in the direction of the sunlight due to the movement of the sun. is reliably demonstrated throughout the day.

The ventilation system according to the second aspect of the invention comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of a building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and outside air flowing along the inner surface of the outer glass. flow in one direction, fold back at the edge of the intermediate layer between the outer glass and the inner glass, and collect cold heat by flowing in the other direction along the outer surface of the inner glass, and the inside air along the outer surface of the inner glass It flows in one direction through the middle layer, turns back at the edge of the intermediate layer, and flows in the other direction along the inner surface of the outer glass, thereby suppressing the acquisition of solar heat. By exhausting the inside air from the outside, it is possible to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. This ventilation system reduces the cooling load by switching the air supply and exhaust windows so that the inside air is discharged from the window in the direction that receives the sun in conjunction with the change in the direction of the sunlight due to the movement of the sun. The effect is guaranteed throughout the day.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a ventilation system of the present invention; FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the function of the window of the same ventilation system, (a) shows an air supply side, (b) shows an exhaust side. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an enlarged upper part of the window (air supply side) of the same ventilation system. It is a plan view showing an example of a building in which the same ventilation system is installed. In the ventilation system of the first embodiment, when there are windows on the south side and the west side, it is a diagram showing an example of how to switch between air supply and air exhaust for each window. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the wall surface solar radiation amount of each direction on February 22 in Tokyo. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of how to switch between air supply and exhaust for each window when there are windows on the east, south, and west sides of the ventilation system of the first embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the solar radiation amount of the east + south side and the south + west side of Tokyo on February 22nd. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the ventilation system of the present invention; It is explanatory drawing which shows the function of the window of the same ventilation system, (a) shows an air supply side, (b) shows an exhaust side. In the ventilation system of the second embodiment, when there are windows on the south side and the west side, it is a diagram showing an example of how to switch air supply and exhaust of each window. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the wall surface solar radiation amount of each direction on June 17 in Tokyo. In the ventilation system of the second embodiment, when there are windows on the east, south and west sides, it is a diagram showing an example of how to switch air supply and exhaust of each window. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the solar radiation amount of the east + south side and the south + west side of Tokyo on June 17. FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment (embodiment of the invention defined in claim 1) of the ventilation system of the present invention. This embodiment is applied to a ventilation system in an office building, and shows an operating state in winter. As shown in FIG. 1, this ventilation system consists of a plurality of windows 1 provided on the walls in different directions of the building, an air conditioner 4 installed in the ceiling space, and an air intake/outlet 6 installed in the ceiling 5. , and a duct 7 connecting them above the ceiling.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a building in which this ventilation system is installed, and windows 1 are installed in openings 19 on at least two sides including the south side among the east, south and west sides. . In this ventilation system, as shown in FIG. 1, the outside air is taken in from the window 1 facing the sun, and the inside air is discharged from the other window 1 to the outside.

Each window 1 is, as shown in FIGS. A shield 9 such as a blind is installed on the layer 8 so as to be suspended from above.
As shown in FIG. 3, the exterior window 2 has a vent 12a formed in the bottom wall on the outside of the glass 11 of the upper frame 10, and a vent 12b in the middle vertical wall. By forming the vent hole 12c in the bottom wall, the upper frame 10 is provided with the ventilation part 13 communicating from the outdoor space to the intermediate layer 8 on the outdoor side from the shield 9. The vent 12a on the outdoor side of the ventilation part 13 is opened downward, and the vent 12c on the indoor side is provided obliquely downward toward the glass 11. - 特許庁
The inner window 3 has ventilation openings 15a and 15b formed in the outdoor side wall and the upper wall of the upper frame 14, so that the upper frame 14 is ventilated from the shield 9 to the space behind the ceiling through the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side. A portion 16 is provided, and a duct 7 is connected to the vent 15b.

As shown in FIG. 1, the duct 7 connected to the ventilation part 16 of the inner window 3 is equipped with a fan 17 that can rotate forward and backward, and sucks outside air from the window 1 in the direction that receives the sun. Each fan 17 is rotated so as to exhaust the internal air from the window 1 of the window.

FIG. 2(a) shows the operation of the window 1 on the air supply side. As shown in the figure, the cold outside air that has flowed in through the ventilation part 13 of the exterior window 2 is blocked by the arrows in the figure because the ventilation opening 12c on the inside of the ventilation part 13 is opened toward the inner peripheral side. 2, the air flows downward along the indoor side surface of the glass 11 of the exterior window 2. As shown in FIG. After that, cold outside air flows under the intermediate layer 8 by cold draft. During this time, the outside air acquires solar heat. After that, the outside air is folded back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8, and is further warmed by the heat in the room being transferred from the glass 18 of the inner window 3, and rises along the outdoor side of the glass 18. During this time, the heat escapes from the glass 18 to the outside. is recovered by the air flow. The outside air at 0° C. is warmed to 18° C. by receiving solar heat while passing through the intermediate layer 8 of the window 1 and recovering indoor heat from the glass 18 of the inner window 3 . After that, the warmed outside air passes through the ventilation part 16 above the inner window 3, passes through the duct 7, is sent to the air conditioner 4, is heated to about 30° C. by the air conditioner 4, and is discharged from the air intake/outlet 6. leak into the room. In this way, by detouring the inside of the intermediate layer 11 along the outer window 9 and the inner window 10, the outside air flows, so that solar heat can be obtained, and the heat transmitted from the indoor to the outdoor can be recovered by the air flow, By returning it indoors, there is almost no heat loss from the indoors to the outdoors, and this prevents the heat transfer from the indoors to the outdoors, which is the opposite direction of the air flow, resulting in extremely high thermal insulation. In addition, the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced because the outside air is heated to 18° C. by passing it through the window 1 that receives the sunshine and then supplied to the air conditioner 4 .

On the other hand, in the window 1 on the exhaust side, as shown in FIG. It flows downward along the outdoor side of the glass 18, folds at the bottom of the intermediate layer 8, rises along the indoor side of the glass 11 of the outside window 2, and is discharged outside through the ventilation part 13 of the outside window 2. . In this way, by introducing the warm inside air into the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side from the shield 9 and flowing downward, the temperature of the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side from the shield 9 becomes almost the same as the indoor temperature. Heat loss from the window 1 can be suppressed. Therefore, the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced.

Since the direction in which sunlight is received changes with time, the ventilation system is designed such that the windows 1 for air supply and exhaust are sequentially switched in conjunction with the movement of the sun. Switching from the air supply to the exhaust and from the exhaust to the air supply of each window 1 can be performed by changing the rotation direction of the fan 17 to change the direction of the air flow.

As a method of switching the air supply and exhaust windows 1 in conjunction with the movement of the sun, the annual amount of solar radiation on the window surface for each direction in the building construction site is calculated, and the optimal annual switching time for air supply and exhaust is determined. There is a way to decide.
Specific examples will be described below. FIGS. 5 and 6 show an example in which windows 1 are provided on two sides, the south side and the west side. FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of wall solar radiation in each direction (average for the past ten years) on February 22 in Tokyo, where the building was constructed. Such a graph can be created based on data available from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Comparing the amount of solar radiation on the south side and the west side in the same graph, it can be seen that the amount of solar radiation on the south side is large from sunrise to 15:00, and the amount of solar radiation on the west side is large from 15:00 to sunset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 15:00, air is supplied from the window 1 on the south side and exhausted from the window 1 on the west side, and the operation ends at 15:00. Until (for example, 21:00), the fan 17 in the duct route is operated by a timer (not shown) built into this ventilation system so that air is supplied from the window 1 on the west side and exhausted from the window 1 on the south side. Control the direction of rotation to change the direction of the air flow.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show an example in which windows 1 are present on three sides, east, south and east. FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes over time in wall solar irradiation (average for the past 10 years) on east + south and south + west on February 22 in Tokyo, where the building was constructed. From the same graph, it can be seen that from sunrise to 12:00, the amount of solar radiation on the east and south faces is large, and from 12:00 to sunset, the amount of solar radiation on the south and west faces is large. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 12:00, air is supplied from the windows 1 on the east and south sides and exhausted from the window 1 on the west side, and the air is exhausted from the window 1 on the west side. to the end of operation (for example, 21:00), the duct is operated by a timer (not shown) built into this ventilation system so that air is supplied from the windows 1 on the south and west sides and exhausted from the windows 1 on the east side. The direction of air flow is changed by controlling the rotation direction of the fan 17 in the path.

In the above example, the graphs shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 may be created for each day, and the timing for switching air supply/exhaust may be set for each day. Graphs such as those shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 may be created for each period, and the air supply/exhaust may be switched at the same timing obtained from the graphs during the relevant period.
Also, in the case where there are windows 1 on the three sides of the east, south, and east sides, air may be supplied only from the windows in one direction at each hour. For example, from the start of operation until 9:30, air is supplied from the window 1 on the east side (exhaust from the windows 1 on the south and west sides), and from 9:30 to 15:00 air is supplied from the window 1 on the south side (east From 15:00 to the end of operation, air can be supplied from the west window 1 (exhaust from the east and south windows 1).

As described above, in addition to the method of presetting the timing of switching air supply and exhaust of each window 1 based on past solar radiation data, each It is also possible to determine in real time the timing of switching between the air supply and exhaust of the window 1 .
For example, an outdoor thermometer is installed outdoors, and solar radiation meters are installed on the east, south, and west sides, respectively, and whether the season is winter or not is determined based on the outside temperature measured by the outside temperature gauge. However, when it is determined that it is winter, air is supplied from the window 1 on the east side at the start of operation (exhaust from the window 1 on the south and west sides), and the amount of solar radiation on the south side is higher than that measured by the solar radiation meter on the east side. When the amount of solar radiation measured by the pyranometer increased, the air supply window 1 was switched from the east side to the south side (exhaust from the windows 1 on the east and west sides), and the amount of solar radiation measured by the pyranometer on the south side When the amount of solar radiation measured by the pyranometer on the west side is greater than that on the west side, the window 1 for air supply is switched from the south side to the west side (exhaust from the windows 1 on the east and south sides).

In any of the control methods described above, when the weather is cloudy or rainy and the amount of solar radiation is low (when the amount of solar radiation measured by the sensor is equal to or less than a threshold value), switching between air supply and exhaust can be prevented. As a result, unnecessary switching between air supply and exhaust can be omitted, and rational operation can be performed.
As an example, if there are windows 1 on two sides, the south side and the west side shown in FIGS. However, if it is a day with little sunlight where the effect of switching cannot be expected, without the above control, according to the set switching mode, switch to the south side air supply in the morning and switch to the west side air supply at 15:00 twice. However, if control is added to determine whether or not to perform switching based on the amount of solar radiation, unnecessary switching can be avoided.
When the amount of solar radiation temporarily exceeds the threshold due to the weather, the operation shifts to the switching mode (when the amount of solar radiation falls below the threshold again, switching is not performed).

9 and 10 show a second embodiment of the ventilation system of the present invention (embodiment of the invention defined in claim 2). This embodiment, like the first embodiment, is applied to a ventilation system in an office building, and shows an operating state in summer. The ventilation system of the second embodiment has exactly the same device configuration as that of the first embodiment, and the direction of air flow is opposite to that of the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the inside air is discharged to the outside through the window 1 in the direction in which the sunlight hits, and the outside air is taken in through the other windows 1 .

FIG. 10(a) shows the operation of the window 1 on the air supply side. As shown in the figure, the warm outside air that has flowed in through the ventilation part 13 of the exterior window 2 is vented by opening the ventilation opening 12c on the inside of the ventilation part 13 toward the inner peripheral side. 2, it flows downward along the indoor side surface of the glass 11 of the exterior window 2, and then flows under the intermediate layer 8. As shown in FIG. Since the window 1 on the air supply side is not exposed to sunlight and does not receive solar heat, the temperature rise of the outside air during this period is suppressed. After that, the outside air is folded back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8 and rises along the outdoor side of the glass 18 of the inner window 3, during which cold heat escaping from the glass 18 to the outside is recovered by the air flow. As a result, the outside air at 30°C is cooled to 27°C. After that, the cooled outside air passes through the ventilation part 16 above the inner window 3, passes through the duct 7, is sent to the air conditioner 4, is cooled to about 20° C. by the air conditioner 4, and is discharged from the air intake/outlet 6. leak into the room. In this way, cold heat is recovered by passing outside air through the window 1 which does not receive solar radiation, and is supplied to the air conditioner 4 after being cooled to 27° C., so the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced.

On the other hand, in the window 1 on the exhaust side, as shown in FIG. 10B, cold inside air is introduced into the room through the shield 9 of the intermediate layer 8 of the window 1 . Since the temperature of this air is lower than that of the outside, the air flows downward along the outside surface of the glass 18 of the inner window 3, then folds back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8, and heat is transferred to the glass 11 of the outer window 2, etc. , it rises along the indoor side surface of the glass 11 of the external window 2, receives solar heat during this time, and collects the heat entering the room from the outside through the glass 11 by the flow of air. The inside air, which was 25°C, acquires solar heat while passing between the outer window 2 and the shield 9 and is warmed to 46°C. be done. When the air passes through the ventilation part 13, the heat coming into the room along the upper frame 10 is recovered by the flow of air. Then, the air is released outdoors, and the heat from the sun and the heat collected from the glass 11 and the upper frame 10 are discarded outdoors. In this way, the internal air flows along the inner surface of the outer window 2 and the outer surface of the inner window 3, so that the acquisition of solar heat can be suppressed, and the heat transmitted from the outdoor to the indoor is recovered by the air flow, and the outdoor air can be collected. By disposing of it in the direction opposite to the direction in which the air flows out, the heat transfer from the outdoor side to the indoor side is hindered, exhibiting an excellent heat insulating effect and keeping the room cool. Therefore, the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced.

Since the direction in which sunlight is received changes with time, the ventilation system is designed such that the windows 1 for air supply and exhaust are sequentially switched in conjunction with the movement of the sun.
11 and 12 show an example in which there are windows on two sides, the south side and the west side. FIG. 12 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of wall solar radiation in each direction (average for the past 10 years) on June 17 in Tokyo, where the building was constructed. Comparing the amount of solar radiation on the south side and the west side in the same graph, it can be seen that the amount of solar radiation on the south side is high from sunrise to 13:00, and the amount of solar radiation on the west side is high from 13:00 to sunset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 15:00, air is supplied from the window 1 on the west side and exhausted from the window 1 on the south side, and the operation ends at 13:00. Until (for example, 21:00), the fan 17 in the duct route is operated by a timer (not shown) built into this ventilation system so that air is supplied from the window 1 on the south side and exhausted from the window 1 on the west side. Control the direction of rotation to change the direction of the air flow.
FIGS. 13 and 14 show an example in which windows 1 are provided on three sides, east, south and east. FIG. 14 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of wall solar radiation (average for the past 10 years) on east + south and south + west faces on June 17 in Tokyo, where the building was constructed. From the same graph, it can be seen that from sunrise to 12:00, the amount of solar radiation on the east and south faces is large, and from 12:00 to sunset, the amount of solar radiation on the south and west faces is large. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 12:00, air is supplied from the window 1 on the west side and exhausted from the windows 1 on the east and south sides. to the end of operation (for example, 21:00), the duct is operated by a timer (not shown) built into this ventilation system so that air is supplied from the window 1 on the east side and exhausted from the windows 1 on the south and west sides. The direction of air flow is changed by controlling the rotation direction of the fan 17 in the path.

Also in the second embodiment, like the first embodiment, it is possible to determine in real time the timing of switching between the air supply and the exhaust of each window 1 by using an outside air temperature gauge and a window surface pyranometer.
For example, an outdoor thermometer is installed outdoors, and a solar radiation meter is installed on each of the east and west sides. If it is determined that it is summer, air is supplied from window 1 on the west side (exhaust from window 1 on the east and south sides) at the start of operation, and the amount of solar radiation measured by the pyranometer on the west side is the amount of solar radiation on the east side. When the amount of solar radiation exceeds that measured by the meter, the supply window 1 is switched from the west face to the east face (exhaust from the south and west windows 1).

Also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to add control to determine whether or not to perform switching based on the amount of solar radiation. This eliminates the need to switch over, allowing rational operation.

The ventilation system of the second embodiment can be implemented not only in the summer season but also in the interim season. In other words, this ventilation system takes in outside air from the window 1 facing the sun in winter, discharges the inside air from the window 1 facing the other direction, and discharges the inside air from the window 1 facing the sun in other directions than in winter. By taking in outside air from the window 1 in the direction of , the air conditioning load can be suppressed throughout the year.

As described above, the ventilation system (first embodiment) includes a plurality of windows 1 provided on the walls of the building in different directions. It has a window) 3, acquires solar heat by flowing outside air along the inner surface of the outer glass 2 and the outer surface of the inner glass 3, and flows along the inner surface of the outer glass 2 and the outer surface of the inner glass 3. Heat loss can be suppressed by flowing inside air, and outside air can be taken in from the window 1 in the direction where the sun shines out of the plurality of windows 1, and inside air can be taken in from the windows 1 in other directions. Heat loss can be suppressed by discharging, so heating load can be suppressed.

This ventilation system (second embodiment) comprises a plurality of windows 1 provided on walls in different directions of a building. Outside air flows along the outer surface of the inner glass 3 to collect cold heat, and internal air flows along the inner surface of the outer glass 2 and the outer surface of the inner glass 3 to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. There is, among a plurality of windows 1, the inside air is discharged from the window 1 in the direction where the sunlight hits, so that the acquisition of solar heat can be suppressed, and the outside air is taken in from the windows 1 in other directions, so that cold heat can be recovered. load can be reduced.

In this ventilation system (first and second embodiments), the air supply and exhaust windows 1 are sequentially switched in conjunction with the movement of the sun, so that the effect of suppressing the above-mentioned heating load or cooling load can be reliably achieved throughout the day. demonstrated.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The structure of the window can be changed as appropriate, and it is not limited to a double window having an outer window and an inner window, but it is also possible to use a single sash in which the outer glass and the inner glass are supported by one frame (frame, stile, etc.). can. The ventilation part that communicates from the outdoor space to the intermediate layer and the ventilation part that communicates from the intermediate layer to the indoor space may be formed anywhere. The gap may be used as a vent, and air may flow in and out through the gap. The structure of the building is arbitrary, and the walls do not necessarily have to face north, south, east and west, and the cross section may be polygonal or circular other than square. The ventilation system of the present invention can be used not only in buildings but also in ordinary houses. The ventilation system of the present invention may be completed only with windows without using ducts.

1 window 2 outside window (outside glass)
3 Inner window (inner glass)

Claims (2)

A plurality of windows installed on walls in different directions of a building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, outside air flowing in one direction along the inner surface of the outer glass, and between the outer glass and the inner glass By folding back at the end of the middle layer of the inner glass and flowing in the other direction along the outer surface of the inner glass, the heat of the sun is collected and the heat is collected , and the inside air flows in one direction along the outer surface of the inner glass. The heat loss is suppressed by folding back at the edge of the intermediate layer and flowing in the other direction along the inner surface of the outer glass. Air is discharged from the directional windows, and when the direction of solar radiation changes due to the movement of the sun, the intake and exhaust windows are switched so that outside air is taken in from the windows in the direction of solar radiation. A ventilation system characterized by: A plurality of windows installed on walls in different directions of a building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, outside air flowing in one direction along the inner surface of the outer glass, and between the outer glass and the inner glass At the end of the middle layer, the cold heat is recovered by flowing in the other direction along the outer surface of the inner glass , and the inside air flows in one direction along the outer surface of the inner glass, and the end of the middle layer It turns back at the outside and flows in the other direction along the inner surface of the outer glass to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. It takes in outside air from the outside, and in conjunction with the change in the direction of solar radiation due to the movement of the sun, the intake and exhaust windows are switched so that the inside air is discharged from the window in the direction of solar radiation. ventilation system.

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