JP2020148038A - Ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a ventilation system that can suppress cooling and heating load by reducing entering and exiting of heat from a window.SOLUTION: A ventilation system comprises a plurality of windows 1 provided on the different direction wall of a building, and each window 1 has an outside glass 2 and an inner side glass 3. In the ventilation system, solar radiation heat is captured by flowing outside air so as to be along an inside surface of the outside glass 2 and an outside surface of the inner side glass 3, and thermal loss is suppressed by flowing the inside air so as to be along the inside surface of the outside glass 2 and the outside surface of the inner side glass 3. The outside air is taken in from the window 1 in the direction shot by solar radiation among the plurality of windows 1 and the inside air is exhausted from the window 1 in the other direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a ventilation system capable of suppressing a heating / cooling load.

The indoor environment of the building was controlled by air-conditioning equipment, but there was a need for economically superior ones because of the large amount of heat coming in and out of the windows and the cost of electricity.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation system capable of reducing heat inflow and outflow from windows and suppressing heating and cooling load.

To achieve the above task, the ventilation system according to the invention according to claim 1 comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of the building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and the outer glass. Solar heat is acquired by the outside air flowing along the inner surface and the outer surface of the inner glass, and the inside air flows along the inner surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to suppress heat loss. Among a plurality of windows, the outside air is taken in from the window in the direction of sunlight, and the inside air is discharged from the window in the other direction.

The ventilation system according to the invention according to claim 2 comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of the building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and an inner side surface of the outer glass and an outer surface of the inner glass. The outside air flows along the window to recover the cold heat, and the inside air flows along the inner surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. It is characterized by discharging the inside air from the windows in the direction of sunlight and taking in the outside air from the windows in the other directions.

The ventilation system according to the invention according to claim 1 comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of the building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and an inner side surface of the outer glass and an outer surface of the inner glass. The outside air flows along the window to acquire solar heat, and the inside air flows along the inner side surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to suppress the heat loss. Solar heat can be obtained by taking in the outside air from the window in the direction in which the glass hits, and the heat loss can be suppressed by discharging the inside air from the window in the other direction, so the heating load can be suppressed.

The ventilation system according to the invention according to claim 2 comprises a plurality of windows provided on walls in different directions of the building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and an inner side surface of the outer glass and an outer surface of the inner glass. The outside air flows along the window to recover the cold heat, and the inside air flows along the inner surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. The acquisition of solar heat can be suppressed by discharging the inside air from the window in the direction of sunlight, and the cold heat can be recovered by taking in the outside air from the window in the other direction, so that the cooling load can be suppressed.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the 1st Embodiment of the ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the function of the window of the ventilation system, (a) shows an air supply side, (b) shows an exhaust side. It is a vertical cross-sectional view which shows the upper part of the window (air supply side) of the ventilation system enlarged. It is a top view which shows an example of the building where the ventilation system is installed. It is a figure which shows the example of how to switch the air supply and exhaust of each window when there are windows on the south side and the west side in the ventilation system of 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the wall surface solar radiation amount of each direction on February 22 in Tokyo. It is a figure which shows the example of how to switch the air supply and the exhaust of each window when there are windows on the east side, the south side, and the west side in the ventilation system of 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the amount of solar radiation of the east side + south side and the south side + west side of Tokyo on February 22nd. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd Embodiment of the ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the function of the window of the ventilation system, (a) shows an air supply side, (b) shows an exhaust side. It is a figure which shows the example of how to switch the air supply and exhaust of each window when there are windows on the south side and the west side in the ventilation system of the 2nd Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the wall surface solar radiation amount of each direction on June 17th of Tokyo. It is a figure which shows the example of how to switch the air supply and exhaust of each window when there are windows on the east side, the south side, and the west side in the ventilation system of the 2nd Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the amount of solar radiation of the east side + south side and the south side + west side of Tokyo on June 17.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the ventilation system of the present invention (the embodiment of the invention according to claim 1). This embodiment is applied to a ventilation system of an office building, and shows an operating state in winter. As shown in FIG. 1, this ventilation system includes a plurality of windows 1 provided on walls in different directions of a building, an air conditioner 4 installed behind the ceiling, and an air intake / outlet 6 installed on the ceiling 5. , It is equipped with a duct 7 that connects them behind the ceiling.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a building in which the ventilation system is installed, and the window 1 is installed in the openings 19 of at least two of the east, south, and west surfaces including the south surface. .. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, this ventilation system takes in the outside air from the window 1 in the direction of sunlight and exhausts the inside air to the outside through the other windows 1.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, each window 1 is a double-glazed window including an outer window (outer glass) 2 and an inner window (inner glass) 3, and is intermediate between the outer window 2 and the inner window 3. A shield 9 such as a blind is suspended from above on the layer 8.
As shown in FIG. 3, the outer window 2 has a vent 12a formed on the bottom wall outside the glass 11 of the upper frame 10, a vent 12b formed on the vertical wall in the middle, and is on the indoor side of the glass 11. By forming the vent 12c on the bottom wall, the upper frame 10 is provided with a vent 13 that communicates from the outdoor space to the intermediate layer 8 on the outdoor side of the shield 9. The vent 12a on the outdoor side is provided so as to open downward in the vent portion 13, and the vent 12c on the indoor side is provided diagonally downward toward the glass 11.
The inner window 3 has vents 15a and 15b formed on the outdoor wall and the upper wall of the upper frame 14, so that the upper frame 14 communicates with the space behind the ceiling from the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side of the shield 9. A portion 16 is provided, and a duct 7 is connected to the vent 15b.

As shown in FIG. 1, the duct 7 connected to the ventilation portion 16 of the inner window 3 is provided with a fan 17 that can rotate in the forward and reverse directions, and sucks in outside air from the window 1 in the direction of receiving sunlight. Each fan 17 is rotated so as to exhaust the inside air from the window 1.

FIG. 2A shows the function of the window 1 on the air supply side. As shown in the figure, the cold outside air flowing in from the ventilation portion 13 of the outer window 2 is provided by the ventilation port 12c on the indoor side of the ventilation portion 13 so as to open toward the inner peripheral side. As shown in the above, the glass 11 of the outer window 2 flows downward along the indoor side surface. After that, the cold outside air flows to the bottom of the mesosphere 8 by the cold draft. During this time, the outside air acquires solar heat. After that, the outside air is folded back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8, further warmed by transferring the heat in the room from the glass 18 of the inner window 3, rising along the outdoor surface of the glass 18, and during this time, the heat escaping from the glass 18 to the outside. Is recovered by the flow of air. The outside air, which was 0 ° C., is warmed to 18 ° C. by acquiring solar heat while passing through the intermediate layer 8 of the window 1 and recovering the heat inside the room from the glass 18 of the inner window 3. After that, the warmed outside air is sent to the air conditioner 4 through the ventilation portion 16 above the inner window 3 and through the duct 7, and is warmed to about 30 ° C. by the air conditioner 4 from the air intake / outlet 6. It leaks into the room. In this way, the outside air flows around the inside of the intermediate layer 11 along the outer window 9 and the inner window 10, so that the solar heat can be acquired and the heat transmitted from the room to the outside is recovered by the air flow. By returning it to the room, there is almost no heat loss from the room to the outside, which hinders the heat transfer from the indoor side to the outdoor side, which is the direction opposite to the direction in which the air flows, and provides extremely high heat insulation. At the same time, the load of the air conditioner 4 can be reduced because the outside air is passed through the window 1 that receives the sunlight to warm the temperature to 18 ° C. and then supplied to the air conditioner 4.

On the other hand, in the window 1 on the exhaust side, as shown in FIG. 2B, the inside air flows from the ventilation portion 16 of the inner window 3 into the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side from the shield 9, and then the inside air flows into the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side. It flows downward along the outdoor surface of the glass 18, folds back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8, rises along the indoor side surface of the glass 11 of the outer window 2, and is discharged to the outside through the ventilation portion 13 of the outer window 2. .. In this way, by introducing the warm inside air into the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side of the shield 9 and flowing downward, the temperature of the intermediate layer 8 on the indoor side of the shield 9 becomes almost the same as the indoor temperature. The heat loss from the window 1 can be suppressed. Therefore, the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced.

Since the direction of receiving sunlight changes with time, the main ventilation system is designed so that the air supply and exhaust windows 1 are sequentially switched in synchronization with the movement of the sun. Switching from air supply to exhaust gas and from exhaust gas to air supply in each window 1 can be performed by changing the rotation direction of the fan 17 and changing the direction of the air flow.

As a method of switching between air supply and exhaust windows 1 in conjunction with the movement of the sun, the amount of solar radiation on the window surface for each direction in the building construction site is calculated, and the optimum annual air supply / exhaust switching time is calculated. There is a way to decide.
A specific example will be described below. FIGS. 5 and 6 show an example in which windows 1 are provided on two sides, a south side and a west side. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the time course of the amount of solar radiation on the wall surface (average for the past 10 years) in each direction on February 22, the construction site of the building. In addition, such a graph can be created based on the data available from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Comparing the amount of solar radiation on the south and west sides with the same graph, it can be seen that the amount of solar radiation on the south side is large from sunrise to 15:00, and the amount of solar radiation on the west side is large from 15:00 to sunset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 15:00, air is supplied from the window 1 on the south side and exhausted from the window 1 on the west side, and the operation ends from 15:00. Until (for example, 21:00), the fan 17 in the duct path is supplied with air from the window 1 on the west side and exhausted from the window 1 on the south side by a timer (not shown) built in the ventilation system. Control the direction of rotation to change the direction of air flow.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show an example in which windows 1 are provided on the east side, the south side, and the east side. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the time course of the amount of solar radiation (average over the past 10 years) on the east side + south side and the south side + west side of Tokyo, which is the construction site of the building, on February 22nd. From the same graph, it can be seen that the amount of solar radiation on the east side + south side is large from sunrise to 12:00, and the amount of solar radiation on the south side + west side is large from 12:00 to sunset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 12:00, air is supplied from the windows 1 on the east side and the south side and exhausted from the window 1 on the west side at 12:00. From to the end of operation (for example, 21:00), ducts are provided by a timer (not shown) built into the ventilation system so that air is supplied from windows 1 on the south and west sides and exhausted from windows 1 on the east side. The direction of air flow is changed by controlling the rotation direction of the fan 17 in the path.

In the above example, a graph as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 may be created for each day, and the timing for switching between air supply and exhaust may be set for each day, but for a certain period (for example, 2 weeks). A graph as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 may be created for each, and air supply / exhaust may be switched at the same timing obtained from the graph during the period.
Further, when there are windows 1 on the east side, the south side, and the east side, the air may be supplied from only one window in one direction every hour. For example, from the start of operation to 9:30, air is supplied from window 1 on the east side (exhaust from window 1 on the south and west sides), and from 9:30 to 15:00, air is supplied from window 1 on the south side (east). Air can be supplied from the window 1 on the west side (exhausted from the window 1 on the east side and the south side) from 15:00 to the end of operation.

As described above, in addition to the method of presetting the timing for switching between air supply and exhaust of each window 1 based on the past solar radiation amount data, each method such as using an outside air temperature meter and a window surface solar radiation meter is used. It is also possible to determine the timing of switching between air supply and exhaust of the window 1 in real time.
For example, an outside air temperature gauge is installed outdoors, and solar radiation meters are installed on the east, south, and west sides, respectively, and it is determined whether or not the season is winter based on the outside temperature measured by the outside air temperature gauge. However, if it is determined that it is winter, air is supplied from window 1 on the east side (exhausted from window 1 on the south and west sides) at the start of operation, and the amount of solar radiation on the south side is higher than that measured by the solar radiation meter on the east side. When the amount of solar radiation measured by the solar radiation meter increases, switch the air supply window 1 from the east side to the south side (exhaust from the windows 1 on the east side and the west side), and the amount of solar radiation measured by the solar radiation meter on the south side. When the amount of solar radiation measured by the solar radiation meter on the west side is larger than that on the west side, the air supply window 1 is switched from the south side to the west side (exhaust from the windows 1 on the east side and the south side).

In any of the above-mentioned control methods, it is possible not to switch between air supply and exhaust when the weather is cloudy or rainy and the amount of solar radiation is small (when the amount of solar radiation measured by the sensor is less than the threshold value). As a result, unnecessary switching between air supply and exhaust can be omitted, and rational operation can be performed.
As an example, to explain the case where windows 1 are provided on the two sides of the south side and the west side shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the operation is terminated (or continuous operation until the morning) with the west side air supplied the day before, and the next day. If there is little sunlight and the effect of switching cannot be expected, if there is no above control, the south side air supply will be switched in the morning and the west side air supply will be switched twice according to the set switching mode. However, if a control is added to determine whether or not to perform the switching based on the above-mentioned amount of solar radiation, the unnecessary switching can be avoided.
In addition, the time when the amount of solar radiation temporarily exceeds the threshold value due to the weather shifts to the operation in the switching mode (when the amount falls below the threshold value again, the switching is not performed).

9 and 10 show a second embodiment of the ventilation system of the present invention (the embodiment of the invention according to claim 2). This embodiment is applied to the ventilation system of the office building as in the first embodiment, and shows the operating state in the summer. The ventilation system of the second embodiment has exactly the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and the direction of air flow is opposite to that of the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the inside air is discharged to the outside from the window 1 in the direction of sunlight, and the outside air is taken in from the other window 1.

FIG. 10A shows the function of the window 1 on the air supply side. As shown in the figure, the warm outside air that has flowed in from the ventilation portion 13 of the outer window 2 is provided by the ventilation port 12c on the indoor side of the ventilation portion 13 so as to open toward the inner peripheral side. As shown in the above, it flows downward along the indoor side surface of the glass 11 of the outer window 2, and then flows to the bottom of the intermediate layer 8. Since the window 1 on the air supply side is not exposed to sunlight and does not acquire the heat of sunlight, the temperature rise of the outside air during this period is suppressed. After that, the outside air is folded back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8 and rises along the outdoor surface of the glass 18 of the inner window 3, and during this time, the cold heat escaping from the glass 18 to the outside is recovered by the air flow. As a result, the outside air, which was 30 ° C., is cooled to 27 ° C. After that, the cooled outside air is sent to the air conditioner 4 through the ventilation portion 16 above the inner window 3 and through the duct 7, cooled to about 20 ° C. by the air conditioner 4, and from the air intake / outlet 6. It leaks into the room. In this way, the cold heat is recovered by passing the outside air through the window 1 that does not receive sunlight, cooled to 27 ° C., and then supplied to the air conditioner 4, so that the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced.

On the other hand, in the window 1 on the exhaust side, as shown in FIG. 10B, cold inside air is introduced into the room side from the shield 9 of the intermediate layer 8 of the window 1. Since this air has a lower temperature than the outside, it flows downward along the outdoor surface of the glass 18 of the inner window 3, and then folds back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 8 to transfer the heat of the glass 11 of the outer window 2. Ascends along the indoor side surface of the glass 11 of the outer window 2, and during this period, solar heat is acquired, and the heat entering the room from the outside through the glass 11 is recovered by the flow of air. The inside air, which was 25 ° C., acquires solar heat while passing between the outer window 2 and the shield 9, and is warmed to 46 ° C., and then the air is released to the outside through the ventilation portion 13 of the outer window 2. Will be done. When the air passes through the ventilation portion 13, the heat that enters the room through the upper frame 10 is recovered by the air flow. Then, when the air is released to the outside, the solar heat and the heat recovered from the glass 11 and the upper frame 10 are discarded to the outside. In this way, by allowing the inside air to flow along the inner surface of the outer window 2 and the outer surface of the inner window 3, the acquisition of solar heat can be suppressed, and the heat transferred from the outside to the inside is recovered by the air flow to the outside. By throwing it away, heat transfer from the outdoor side to the indoor side, which is the direction opposite to the direction in which the air flows out, is hindered, and an excellent heat insulating effect is exhibited to keep the indoor cool. Therefore, the load on the air conditioner 4 can be reduced.

Since the direction of receiving sunlight changes with time, the main ventilation system is designed so that the air supply and exhaust windows 1 are sequentially switched in synchronization with the movement of the sun.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show an example when there are windows on two sides, the south side and the west side. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the time course of the amount of solar radiation on the wall surface (average for the past 10 years) in each direction on June 17, Tokyo, which is the construction site of the building. Comparing the amount of solar radiation on the south and west sides with the same graph, it can be seen that the amount of solar radiation on the south side is large from sunrise to 13:00, and the amount of solar radiation on the west side is large from 13:00 to sunset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 15:00, air is supplied from the window 1 on the west side and exhausted from the window 1 on the south side, and the operation ends from 13:00. Until (for example, 21:00), the fan 17 in the duct path is supplied with air from the window 1 on the south side and exhausted from the window 1 on the west side by a timer (not shown) built in the ventilation system. Control the direction of rotation to change the direction of air flow.
13 and 14 show an example in which the windows 1 are provided on the east side, the south side, and the east side. FIG. 14 is a graph showing the time course of the amount of solar radiation (average over the past 10 years) on the east side + south side and the south side + west side of Tokyo, which is the construction site of the building, on June 17th. From the same graph, it can be seen that the amount of solar radiation on the east side + south side is large from sunrise to 12:00, and the amount of solar radiation on the south side + west side is large from 12:00 to sunset. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, from the start of operation (for example, 8:00) to 12:00, air is supplied from the window 1 on the west side and exhausted from the window 1 on the east side and the south side at 12:00. From to the end of operation (for example, 21:00), ducts are provided by a timer (not shown) built into the ventilation system so that air is supplied from window 1 on the east side and exhausted from windows 1 on the south and west sides. The direction of air flow is changed by controlling the rotation direction of the fan 17 in the path.

In the second embodiment as well, as in the first embodiment, the timing of switching between air supply and exhaust of each window 1 can be determined in real time by using an outside air temperature meter and a window surface solar radiation meter.
For example, an outside air temperature gauge is installed outdoors, an insolation meter is installed on the east side and the west side, respectively, and it is determined whether or not the season is summer based on the outside temperature measured by the outside air temperature meter. If it is determined that it is summer, air is supplied from window 1 on the west side (exhausted from window 1 on the east side and south side) at the start of operation, and the amount of solar radiation measured by the solar radiation meter on the west side is the amount of solar radiation on the east side. When the amount of solar radiation measured by the meter is greater than the amount of solar radiation, the air supply window 1 is switched from the west side to the east side (exhaust from the windows 1 on the south side and the west side).

Further, also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to add a control for determining whether or not to switch depending on the amount of solar radiation, whereby unnecessary air supply / exhaust in cloudy or rainy weather can be added. You can perform rational operation by omitting the switching.

The ventilation system of the second embodiment can be implemented not only in the summer but also in the interim period. That is, in this ventilation system, the outside air is taken in from the window 1 in the direction of sunlight in winter, the inside air is discharged from the window 1 in the other direction, and the inside air is discharged from the window 1 in the direction in which sunlight is exposed except in winter. By taking in the outside air from the window 1 in the direction of, the heating / cooling load can be suppressed throughout the year.

As described above, the present ventilation system (first embodiment) includes a plurality of windows 1 provided on walls in different directions of the building, and each window 1 has an outer glass (outer window) 2 and an inner glass (inner). It has a window) 3 and acquires solar heat by flowing outside air along the inner side surface of the outer glass 2 and the outer surface of the inner glass 3, and follows the inner side surface of the outer glass 2 and the outer surface of the inner glass 3. The heat loss is suppressed by the flow of the inside air as described above. Of the plurality of windows 1, the outside air can be obtained by taking in the outside air from the window 1 in the direction in which the sunlight hits, and the inside air can be obtained from the window 1 in the other direction. Since the heat loss is suppressed by discharging, the heating load can be suppressed.

The present ventilation system (second embodiment) includes a plurality of windows 1 provided on walls in different directions of the building, each window 1 having an outer glass 2 and an inner glass 3, and the inner side surface of the outer glass 2. Cold heat is recovered by flowing the outside air along the outer surface of the inner glass 3, and the inside air flows along the inner side surface of the outer glass 2 and the outer surface of the inner glass 3 to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. There is, among a plurality of windows 1, the acquisition of solar heat can be suppressed by discharging the inside air from the window 1 in the direction in which the sunlight hits, and the cold heat can be recovered by taking in the outside air from the windows 1 in the other directions. The load can be suppressed.

In this ventilation system (first and second embodiments), the air supply and exhaust windows 1 are sequentially switched in synchronization with the movement of the sun, so that the above-mentioned effect of suppressing the heating load or the cooling load is surely achieved throughout the day. It will be demonstrated.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The structure of the window can be changed as appropriate, and it is not limited to a double-glazed window with an outer window and an inner window, but it can also be a single sash in which the outer glass and the inner glass are supported by one frame (frame, stile, etc.). it can. The ventilation part that communicates from the outdoor space to the intermediate layer and the ventilation part that communicates from the intermediate layer to the indoor space may be formed anywhere, for example, they are provided in the vertical frame or the lower frame, or the upper frame and the upper frame. The gap may be a ventilation portion, and air may flow in and out through the gap. The structure of the building is arbitrary, and the wall surface does not necessarily have to face north, south, east, and west, and the cross section may be a polygon or a circle other than a quadrangle. The ventilation system of the present invention can be used not only in buildings but also in ordinary houses. The ventilation system of the present invention may be completed only by windows without using ducts.

1 Window 2 Outer window (outer glass)
3 Inner window (inner glass)

Claims (2)

It has multiple windows on the walls in different directions of the building, each window has an outer glass and an inner glass, and the outside air flows along the inner side surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to generate solar heat. The heat loss is suppressed by allowing the inside air to flow along the inner surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass, and among multiple windows, the outside air is taken in from the window in the direction of sunlight, and others. A ventilation system characterized by exhausting inside air from windows in the direction of. It has multiple windows on the walls in different directions of the building, each window having an outer glass and an inner glass, and the outside air flows along the inner side surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to cool the heat. It is collected and the inside air flows along the inner surface of the outer glass and the outer surface of the inner glass to suppress the acquisition of solar heat. Of the multiple windows, the inside air is discharged from the window in the direction of the sunlight. A ventilation system characterized by taking in outside air through windows in other directions.