JP6794260B2 - リチウムイオン電池用のSi/G/C複合体 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池用のSi/G/C複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6794260B2 JP6794260B2 JP2016550504A JP2016550504A JP6794260B2 JP 6794260 B2 JP6794260 B2 JP 6794260B2 JP 2016550504 A JP2016550504 A JP 2016550504A JP 2016550504 A JP2016550504 A JP 2016550504A JP 6794260 B2 JP6794260 B2 JP 6794260B2
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Description
Si/G/P材料はシリコン含有活物質(Si)および黒鉛(G)のカーボン前駆体(P)によるコーティングにより、またはシリコン含有活物質および黒鉛を前駆体含有マトリックスに埋め込むことにより製造される。
本発明のSi/G/C複合体を製造するための無機アモルファスカーボン(C)へのカーボン前駆体(P)の変換は、好ましくは嫌気性炭化により熱的に達成される。
実施例で行った全ての炭化は、Carbolite株式会社からの1200℃の3ゾーン管状炉(TFZ 12/65/550/E301)を用い、タイプNのプローブ熱電対を含むカスケード制御を用いて行った。記載の温度は熱電対の位置での管状炉の内部温度に関係する。炭化されるべき各出発物質を秤量して、1つ以上の溶融石英燃焼ボート(QCS株式会社)に入れ、溶融石英製の作業管(直径6cm;長さ83cm)に導入した。 炭化のために使用された設定および操作パラメータはそれぞれの実施例に示される。
炭化後に得られたSi/G/C粉末を、その後、レッチェPM100遊星ボールミルで粉砕することにより、いくつかの場合においてさらに粉砕した。この目的のため、Si/G/C粉末を粉砕ボール(特殊鋼;10mm直径)と一緒に50ml粉砕カップ(特殊鋼)に導入し、以下の実施例中に定義された持続時間、予め設定された回転速度(300rpm)で粉砕した。
Zeiss Ultra(ツァイス・ウルトラ)55走査型電子顕微鏡およびINCA X視界エネルギー分散型X線分析装置を用いて顕微鏡研究を行った。サンプルはBaltec SCD500スパッタ/カーボンコーティング装置を用いて、帯電現象を防止するために、分析する前にカーボンで蒸気コーティングした。
ツァイス・リブラ120透過型顕微鏡およびOxford Instruments社からのEDX検出器を用いて顕微鏡研究を行った。分析の前に、サンプルをSpezifix 20に埋め込み、超ミクロトーム部により分析した。
実施例で報告したカーボン含有率は、Leco CS 230分析器を用いて決定し、酸素含有率はLeco TCH−600分析器を用いて決定した。
粒度分布を、Horiba LA950を用いる静的レーザー散乱によってISO 13320に従って本発明の目的のために決定した。この決定の場合にサンプルを調製する際、個々の粒子の代わりに弱凝集体の大きさを測定しないように、測定溶液中の粒子の分散に特に注意を払わなければならない。ここで調査したSi/G/C複合体については、粒子は水に分散させた。その目的のために、必要なときに、測定前の分散液を、LS24d5ソノトロードを有するHielscher(ヒールシャー)UIS250v実験室用超音波装置内で250Wの超音波で4分間処理した。
得られたSi/G/C複合体の比表面積は、Sorptomatic 1990機器を用いて、BET法により測定した。
複合体(アモルファスカーボン(C)と一緒の黒鉛(G))内の異なるカーボン修飾の割合を、メトラーTGA851熱天秤を用いて、熱重量分析によって決定した。測定は、25から1000℃の温度範囲で10℃/分の加熱速度で測定ガスとしての酸素下で行った。GおよびCの存在下では、全カーボンの燃焼により生じた質量損失は、400から800℃の温度範囲で2段階で起きて、各実施例で報告したC:G比をこれらの段階の間の比から決定した。
非強凝集ナノスケールシリコン粒子を有するSi/G/C複合体
シリコンナノ粉末懸濁液(9.00g、エタノール中の22重量%のNP180;2.07gのSiに相当する)および黒鉛(3.00g;KS6L−C;ティムカル)を80mlのメタノールと混合した。得られた懸濁液を、内部超音波(ブランソン デジタル ソニファイアー250)で2×10分間処理した。レゾルシノール(3.20g)およびホルムアルデヒド溶液(5.90g、水中の37%、10%のメタノールで安定化される)を添加した。懸濁液のpHを、32%アンモニア溶液(〜0.5mlのアンモニア溶液)を使用してpH=6.5に調整した。
電極コーティングの製造
実施例1に従った非強凝集シリコン粒子を有する複合体材料2.00gおよび導電性カーボンブラック0.30g(ティムカル、Super P Li)を、水中のナトリウムカルボキシメチルセルロース(ダイセル;等級1380)の1.0重量%強溶液20.0gの中に、12m/秒の周速度でディソルバーを使用して分散させた。
電気化学的研究の実施
三電極配置(ゼロ電流電位測定)における半電池について電気化学的研究を行った。
強凝集ナノスケールシリコン粒子を有するSi/G/C複合体(本発明ではない)
強凝集ナノスケールシリコン粒子を有するSi/G/C複合体を実施例1と同様の方法で製造するが、強凝集粒子の乾燥Siナノ粉末(2.00g;Nanostructure & Amorphous Materials)によってD50=180nmのシリコンナノ粉末懸濁液(NP180、非強凝集粒子)を置き換えた。
電極コーティングの製造(本発明ではない)
比較例5は、強凝集シリコン粒子を含む複合体材料を有する電極コーティングの製造および電気化学的特徴付けに関する。
電気化学的研究の実施(本発明ではない)
比較例4からの強凝集シリコン粒子を含む複合体を有する電極コーティングを実施例3に記載したように試験した。
実施例1で用いた温度条件下でのシリコンナノ粒子の強凝集安定性の確認
種々の粒子径(D50=100nm、150nm、200nm)のエタノール中のシリコンナノ粉末懸濁液を減圧下で溶媒を除去し、乾燥させ、得られた乾燥シリコンナノ粉末を1500℃までの温度範囲で示差熱分析(DTA)により分析した。
Claims (12)
- 黒鉛(G)および<400nmの平均粒径を有する非強凝集ナノスケールシリコン粒子(Si)が存在し、シリコン粒子(Si)がアモルファスカーボンマトリックス(C)中に埋め込まれており、Si/Cシェル内に1つ以上の結晶性黒鉛コア(G)を含むコア−シェル粒子であり、および円形、破片形態を有するか、薄片の形態で存在し、20から50重量%のシリコン、50から80重量%の総カーボン含有率(G+C)、および0から10重量%の酸素含有率を有することを特徴とする、電極活物質のためのシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体(Si/G/C複合体)。
- アモルファスカーボン層が設けられた1つ以上の黒鉛コア(G)を含み、アモルファスカーボン層がカーボンマトリックス(C)を形成し、シリコン粒子(Si)がアモルファスカーボン層に埋め込まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体。
- (導電性)カーボンブラック、アモルファスカーボン、熱分解カーボン、ソフトカーボン、ハードカーボン、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)、フラーレンからなる群から選択される1つ以上の成分をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体。
- Siおよび黒鉛と同様に、Li、Sn、Mg、Ag、Co、Ni、Zn、Cu、Ti、B、Sb、Al、Pb、Ge、Biおよび希土類元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのさらなる活物質を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体。
- 平均複合体粒子径が、1mm未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体。
- 有機カーボン前駆体(P)を含むマトリックスに黒鉛(G)と共に非強凝集ナノスケールシリコン粒子(Si)が埋め込まれているか、または、非強凝集ナノスケールシリコン粒子(Si)および黒鉛(G)は、有機カーボン前駆体(P)でコーティングされてSi/G/P複合体前要素を与え、Si/G/P複合体前要素は、有機カーボン前駆体(P)がアモルファスカーボン(C)に変換されるように熱的に処理されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5に記載の電極活物質のためのシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体の製造方法。
- カーボン前駆体(P)が、メタン、エタン、エチレン、アセチレン、プロパン、プロピレン、ブタン、ブテン、ペンタン、イソブタン、ヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、スチレン、エチルベンゼン、ジフェニルメタン、ナフタレン、ニトロベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、ピリジン、アントラセン及びフェナントレンから成る群から選択される炭化水素、多環芳香族炭化水素、アルコール、炭水化物、有機ポリマー並びにシリコーンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の方法。
- カーボン前駆体(P)が、レゾルシノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、リグニンまたはポリアクリロニトリルであることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- Si含有活物質および黒鉛は、前駆体モノマーの溶液中に一緒に分散され、溶液中のモノマーは重合されて、Si含有活物質および黒鉛が前駆体マトリックス中に完全に埋め込まれるように前駆体(P)を与えることを特徴とする、請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 無機カーボン(C)へのカーボン前駆体(P)の変換が、嫌気性炭化によって熱的に達成されることを特徴とする、請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン/黒鉛/カーボン複合体が、存在することを特徴とする、リチウムイオン電池用の電極材料。
- カソードとして第1の電極を有し、アノードとして第2の電極を有し、2つの電極の間に配置されたセパレータとして膜を有し、電極に対する2つの接続を有し、述べられた部品を収容するケーシングを有し、リチウムイオンを含み、2つの電極が含浸される電解質を有し、アノードが請求項11に記載の電極材料を含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池。
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DE102014202156.1A DE102014202156A1 (de) | 2014-02-06 | 2014-02-06 | Si/G/C-Komposite für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien |
DE102014202156.1 | 2014-02-06 | ||
PCT/EP2015/051324 WO2015117838A1 (de) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-01-23 | Si/g/c-komposite für lithium-ionen-batterien |
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EP3103149B1 (de) | 2018-04-18 |
EP3103149A1 (de) | 2016-12-14 |
US10629895B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
DE102014202156A1 (de) | 2015-08-06 |
WO2015117838A1 (de) | 2015-08-13 |
US20160365567A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
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