JP6765699B2 - 構造体 - Google Patents
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- JP6765699B2 JP6765699B2 JP2019528013A JP2019528013A JP6765699B2 JP 6765699 B2 JP6765699 B2 JP 6765699B2 JP 2019528013 A JP2019528013 A JP 2019528013A JP 2019528013 A JP2019528013 A JP 2019528013A JP 6765699 B2 JP6765699 B2 JP 6765699B2
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910005823 GeOy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006853 SnOz Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- -1 lithium metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYHGEUNFJIGTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenedioxypyrovalerone Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1C(=O)C(CCC)N1CCCC1 SYHGEUNFJIGTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical group [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007969 Li-Co-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008163 Li1+x Mn2-x O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013709 LiNi 1-x M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016599 LixFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006555 Li—Co—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017698 Ni 1-x-y Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004075 acetic anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical group [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J trilithium;trimagnesium;trisodium;dioxido(oxo)silane;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/664—Ceramic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/666—Composites in the form of mixed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
- H01M4/765—Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Description
[式1]
a=L/Dex
上記式1において、Lはチューブの長さ、Dexはチューブの外径である。
本発明は、電極活物質を担持することができる構造体に係り、例えば、上記構造体が負極活物質としてリチウム金属を担持する場合、リチウム金属電池の負極でリチウム金属がデンドライト(dendrite)形態で成長することを防ぐと同時に、上記リチウム金属と電解液が直接的に反応することを防止することができる構造体に関する。
[式1]
a=L/Dex
ここで、Lはチューブ11の長さで、Dexはチューブ11の外径である。
[化1]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxMnyMbO2
上記化学式1において、a=1、0.1≦x≦0.3、0.15≦y≦0.25、0≦b≦0.05であり、Mは、Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Mg、La、Ce、Sr、V、Zn及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される遷移金属またはランタン族元素から選択されるいずれか一つであってもよい。
本発明はまた、電極活物質を担持して電池の安全性を向上させることができる構造体に係り、例えば、上記構造体が負極活物質としてリチウム金属を担持する場合、リチウム金属電池の負極でリチウム金属がデンドライト(dendrite)形態で成長することを防止すると同時に、上記リチウム金属と電解液が直接的に反応することを防止することができる。
[式2]
α=VLi/VF
上記式2において、VFはチューブの自由体積で、VLiはリチウム金属の体積であり、
上記VFは下記式3で計算される:
[式3]
VF=π(Din/2)2L
上記式3において、Dinはチューブの内径で、Lはチューブの長さである。
本発明は、(S1)金属前駆体溶液及び炭素系高分子溶液を電気放射してチューブ前駆体を形成する段階;
(S2)上記チューブ前駆体を第1熱処理する段階;及び
(S3)上記第1熱処理されたチューブ前駆体を第2熱処理する段階;を含む構造体の製造方法に係り、(S4)上記(S3)段階で得たチューブの内部にリチウム金属を形成させる段階;をさらに含んでもよい。
1−1.電気放射によるチューブ前駆体形成
金属前駆体であるHAuCl4 0.5重量%、高分子であるPMMA 11重量%を溶媒88.5重量%に溶解させて金属前駆体溶液を製造した。この時、溶媒はジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)とアセトンを85:15の重量比で混合した混合溶媒を使用した。
−電気放射パワー:14.5kV
−放射溶液アウトプット(flow rate)
:Core=0.9mL/h(1.3/2raito)、Shell=1.4mL/h
1−2.第1熱処理及び還元
280℃のファーネスで上記チューブ前駆体を熱処理してチューブ前駆体のコアに含まれたPMMAを除去し、昇温してHAuCl4を還元させてチューブ前駆体シェルの内部表面にAu粒子を形成させた。
その後、850℃で上記チューブ前駆体のPANを炭化させ、構造体を製造した。
上記実施例1のAuが内部表面に形成されたチューブ構造体の内部に電解めっきを通してリチウム金属を形成した。この時、リチウムソースとしてはリチウム塩であるLiClO4を使用した。
実施例1で製造された構造体、導電材であるSuper−P carbon及びバインダーであるPVdFを95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、これをCu集電体に塗布及び乾燥して負極を製造した。
電解液としてDME(1,2−dimethoxyethane)とDOL(1,3−dioxolane)の混合溶媒(体積比1:1)に1M LiTFSI(lithiumbis−trifluoromethanesulfonimide)が溶解された電解液と1%LiNO3電解液を混合して使用した。
分離膜は、ポリエチレン分離膜を使用した。
Bare Cu foilを準備した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、チューブの内部表面に金属を含まないチューブ形状の構造体を製造した。
負極製造
実施例1及び比較例2でそれぞれ製造された構造体、導電材であるSuper−P carbon及びバインダーであるPVdFを95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、これをCu集電体に塗布及び乾燥して負極を製造した。
電解液としてDME(1,2−dimethoxyethane)とDOL(1,3−dioxolane)の混合溶媒(体積比1:1)に1M LiTFSI(lithiumbis−trifluoromethanesulfonimide)が溶解された電解液と1%のLiNO3電解液を混合して使用した。
分離膜は、ポリエチレン分離膜を使用した。
上記製造例において、実施例1及び比較例2の構造体をそれぞれ利用して製造されたリチウム半電池と、比較例1のCu集電体に対して充放電を実施した。充放電テストは、1mA/cm2の電流密度で放電容量1mAh/cm2、充電電圧1V cut−off条件で実施した。
実験例1のリチウム半電池で充放電特性実験前(Pristine)と充放電時、実施例1のチューブ型構造体が示す形態変化を観察した。
実験例1の充放電特性実験中、20回目の充電後、リチウム金属の成長形態を観察した。
11:チューブ
Dex:チューブの外径
Din:チューブの内径
12:中孔
13:金属
14:電極活物質
Claims (14)
- 一側面または両側面が開放されたチューブ;及び
上記チューブの内部表面に含まれた金属;を含む構造体であって、
上記チューブは、炭素を含み、
上記チューブは、電極活物質担持用であり、
上記電極活物質は、負極活物質であり、
上記負極活物質は、リチウム金属であり、
上記構造体の内部表面に含まれた金属は、Au、Zn、Mg、Ag、Al、Pt、In、Co、Ni、Mn、Si及びCaからなる群から選択される1種以上である、構造体。 - 上記チューブの縦断面の縦横比(aspect ratio、a)は、下記式1によって計算され、上記縦横比は1超である請求項1に記載の構造体:
[式1]
a=L/Dex
上記式1において、Lはチューブの長さ、Dexはチューブの外径である。 - 上記チューブは、電気伝導性を示す請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 上記チューブは、リチウムイオン伝導性をさらに示す請求項3に記載の構造体。
- 上記炭素は、非晶質炭素である請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 上記チューブは、多孔性である請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 上記金属は、上記構造体の全体重量を基準にして0.1ないし25重量%で含まれる請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 上記金属は、粒径が1ないし50nmである請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 上記チューブの内部表面に含まれた金属は、電極集電体に比べて電極活物質との過電圧が小さい金属;または電極活物質と多層相(multiphase)を有する金属;である請求項1に記載の構造体。
- 上記チューブは、半導体元素及び半導体元素の酸化物を含み、
上記半導体元素の酸化物は、SiOx(ここで、0.3≦x≦1.2)、GeOy(ここで、0.2≦y≦1.1)、SnOz(ここで、0.3≦z≦1.2)またはこれらの組み合わせを含む請求項1に記載の構造体。 - 一側面または両側面が開放されたチューブ;
上記チューブの内部表面に含まれた金属;及び
上記金属上に形成された、負極活物質としてのリチウム金属;を含み、
上記チューブは、炭素を含み、
上記金属は、Au、Zn、Mg、Ag、Al、Pt、In、Co、Ni、Mn、Si及びCaからなる群から選択される1種以上である、構造体。 - 上記構造体は、上記金属とリチウム金属の間に形成された上記金属とリチウム金属の合金をさらに含む請求項11に記載の構造体。
- 上記金属とリチウム金属の合金は、LixAuである請求項12に記載の構造体(xは、0<x≦3.75の実数)。
- 上記チューブの自由体積(free volume)に対するリチウム金属の体積比αは、下記式2によって計算され、上記リチウム金属の体積比αは0<α≦1である請求項11に記載の構造体:
[式2]
α=VLi/VF
上記VFはチューブの自由体積で、VLiはリチウム金属の体積であり、
上記VFは下記式3によって計算される:
[式3]
VF=π(Din/2)2L
上記Dinはチューブの内径で、Lはチューブの長さである。
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