JP6744518B1 - セルロース組成物及び錠剤 - Google Patents
セルロース組成物及び錠剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6744518B1 JP6744518B1 JP2020506361A JP2020506361A JP6744518B1 JP 6744518 B1 JP6744518 B1 JP 6744518B1 JP 2020506361 A JP2020506361 A JP 2020506361A JP 2020506361 A JP2020506361 A JP 2020506361A JP 6744518 B1 JP6744518 B1 JP 6744518B1
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- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005356 urokinase Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102566 valproate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
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- MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N vitamin D2 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- DBRXOUCRJQVYJQ-CKNDUULBSA-N withaferin A Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@]3(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C)C(=O)C=C[C@H](O)[C@@]65O[C@@H]6C[C@H]4[C@@H]3CC2)C)C)C(C)=C(CO)C(=O)O1 DBRXOUCRJQVYJQ-CKNDUULBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
- A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
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- A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4402—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 2, e.g. pheniramine, bisacodyl
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- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
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- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
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- C08K5/1545—Six-membered rings
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Abstract
Description
(1) セルロースと、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖と、を含むセルロース組成物であって、前記セルロース組成物5gあたり、前記セロオリゴ糖の含有量が1.5mg以上9.0mg以下である、セルロース組成物。
(2) 前記セルロース組成物5gあたり、水可溶物の含有量が2.5mg以上12.5mg以下である、(1)に記載のセルロース組成物。
(3) 前記水可溶物に対する前記セロオリゴ糖の割合が、47質量%以上67質量%以下である、(2)に記載のセルロース組成物。
(4) 前記セルロース組成物が粉末であり、該粉末の平均粒子径が10μm以上200μm以下である、(1)〜(3)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース組成物。
(5) 前記粉末のアスペクト比L/Dが1.8以上4.0以下である、(4)に記載のセルロース組成物。
(6) (1)〜(5)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース組成物と、1種以上の活性成分と、を含む、錠剤。
(7) 滑沢剤を更に含み、前記滑沢剤の含有量が錠剤の総質量に対して、0.3質量%以上5質量%以下である、(6)に記載の錠剤。
(8) 前記滑沢剤が、脂肪酸金属塩、脂肪酸エステル及び脂肪酸エステル金属塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、(7)に記載の錠剤。
(9) 前記滑沢剤が、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、フマル酸ステアリルナトリウム、ステアリン酸、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及びタルクからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、(7)又は(8)に記載の錠剤。
(10) 前記活性成分の含有量が錠剤の総質量に対して、0.01質量%以上50質量%未満である、(6)〜(9)のいずれか一つに記載の錠剤。
本実施形態のセルロース組成物は、セルロースと、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖(以下、「セロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)」と称する場合がある)と、を含む。セルロース組成物5gあたりのセロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)の含有量が1.5mg以上9.0mg以下であり、2.0mg以上8.0mg以下が好ましく、3.0mg以上7.5mg以下がより好ましく、4.0mg以上7.5mg以下がさらに好ましく、5.0mg以上7.5mg以下が特に好ましい。
セルロース組成物5g中のセロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)の含有量が上記範囲内であることにより、混合時間の延長による錠剤硬度の低下を効果的に防ぐことができる。なお、セルロース組成物が粉体の場合、一つの粒子の中にセルロースとセロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)を含むものであることが望ましい。
水可溶物の含有量が上記範囲内であることにより、錠剤硬度をより良好なものとすることができる。また、活性成分との反応性を効果的に抑制することができる。
水可溶物に対するセロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)の割合が上記範囲内であることにより、混合時間の延長による硬度低下を効果的に抑制できる。また、活性成分との反応性も低く抑えられ、保存安定性も良好である。
本実施形態のセルロース組成物における水可溶物は、後述する実施例に記載の方法によって測定することができる。
本実施形態におけるセルロース組成物は、粉末、顆粒、ペースト、ウェットケークのいずれかの形態であることが好ましい。取り扱い性の観点から、セルロース粉末であることが好ましい。セルロース粉末とは、一般に結晶セルロース、粉末セルロース等と称されるものであり、医薬品添加剤又は食品添加物として好適に用いられるものである。結晶セルロースとしては、たとえば、FAO/WHO合同食品添加物専門家会議(JECFA)で定められた微結晶セルロース、食品添加物公定書第8版に記載された微結晶セルロース、日本薬局方(第17改定)に記載に記載された結晶セルロース、米国薬局方、欧州薬局方などに記載された結晶セルロースが知られている。
なお、成形性、流動性、崩壊性のバランスを良好にする観点から、セルロース組成物中のセルロースの平均重合度は400以下が好ましく、350以下がより好ましい。平均重合度の下限値は100以上が好ましい。セルロースの平均重合度は日本薬局法の結晶セルロースの確認試験(3)又は粉末セルロースの確認試験(3)に記載された銅エチレンジアミン溶液粘度法により測定することができる。
本実施形態のセルロース組成物が粉末である場合、10μm以上200μm以下であり、15μm以上100μm以下が好ましく、20μm以上90μm以下がより好ましく、30μm以上70μm以下がさらに好ましく、40μm以上60μm以下が特に好ましい。
平均粒子径が上記上限値以下であることにより、薬物等の活性成分と均一に混合されやすく、成形性が良好になる。特に、平均粒子径が20μm以上であると、粉体の流動性がより良好になる。
ゆるみ嵩密度が上記下限値以上であることにより、圧縮成形性をより向上させることができる。一方、ゆるみ嵩密度が上記上限値以下であることにより、充填性がより良好になる。
ゆるみ嵩密度は、後述する実施例に記載の方法を用いて測定することができる。
かため嵩密度が上記下限値以上であることにより、薬物等の活性成分と均一に混合されやすく、取り扱い性がより良好になる。一方、かため嵩密度が上記上限値以下であることにより、活性成分やその他添加剤の粒子との密度差による偏析が生じることをより効果的に抑制することができる。
かため嵩密度は、後述する実施例に記載の方法を用いて測定することができる。
圧縮率が上記範囲内であると、セルロース粉末自身の流動性がより良好となり、偏析が生じることをより効果的に抑制することができる。
圧縮率は、後述する実施例に記載の方法を用いて算出することができる。
一次粒子相当粒径が上記範囲内であることにより、薬物等の活性成分と均一に混合されやすく、錠剤としたときの崩壊性がより良好になる。
なお、一次粒子は単位粒子であり、一次粒子が凝集したものを二次粒子(aggregate,agglomerate)という。二次粒子は水中で分散させると、凝集が解け、一次粒子に戻すことができる。一次粒子相当の平均粒子径は、後述する実施例に記載の方法を用いて測定することができる。
アスペクト比が上記範囲内であることにより、活性成分との混合性も良好であり、細長い粒子同士の絡み合いも適度であり、成形性と崩壊性のバランスに優れる。
アスペクト比(L/D)は、後述する実施例に記載の方法を用いて測定することができる。
以下に本実施形態のセルロース組成物の製造方法の一例について記述する。
本実施形態のセルロース組成物は、例えば、加水分解処理された天然セルロース系物質を適当な媒体に分散してセルロース水分散液を得る工程、該水分散液を乾燥する工程を含むことにより得られる。該セルロース水分散液の固形分濃度は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、1質量%以上30質量%以下とすることができる。この場合、加水分解処理により得られる加水分解反応溶液から、加水分解処理されたセルロース系物質を含む固形分を単離し、別途これを適当な媒体に分散させて調製した分散液を乾燥してもよい。また、このセルロース分散液に、セルロース組成物中のセロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)の含有量が特定の範囲内となるように、セロオリゴ糖を添加し、混合した後に乾燥してもよい。また、同加水分解溶液がそのままの状態で、セルロース分散液を形成している場合はこの分散液を直接乾燥することもできる。
加水分解の進行度は、攪拌機のモーター動力(P:単位W)と撹拌容量(L:単位L)を調整することで制御できる。例えば、下記式で表されるP/Vを調整することで、最終的に得られるセルロース粒子の平均粒子径を200μm以下に制御することが可能である。
前記の噴霧乾燥の際には、分散液の表面張力を下げる目的で、微量の水溶性高分子、界面活性剤を添加してもよく、媒体の気化速度を促進させる目的で分散液に発泡剤又はガスを添加してもよい。
乾燥後のセルロース粉末の平均粒子径が100μm未満の場合でも、セルロース粉末を撹拌造粒や流動層造粒等の造粒法を用いることにより、平均粒子径を100μm以上200μm以下程度の所望の範囲に調整可能である。
本実施形態のセルロース組成物は、活性成分を含む組成物に配合することで、硬度が良好であり、且つ、混合時間延長による錠剤硬度の低下と活性成分の含有量の偏りが抑制された錠剤が得られる。特に、活性成分の含有量が50質量%未満である錠剤において、上記効果が顕著となる。
以降、錠剤の製造に際して、1種以上の活性成分、本実施形態のセルロース組成物、及びその他任意の添加物を混合したものを、「錠剤用の混合物」という。
以下に、錠剤用の混合物に含まれる活性成分として好適なものを例示する。
医薬品薬効成分としては、経口投与される医薬品の有効成分が好ましい。経口投与される医薬品としては、例えば、解熱鎮痛消炎薬、催眠鎮静薬、眠気防止薬、鎮暈薬、小児鎮痛薬、健胃薬、制酸薬、消化薬、強心薬、不整脈用薬、降圧薬、血管拡張薬、利尿薬、抗潰瘍薬、整腸薬、骨粗鬆症治療薬、鎮咳去痰薬、抗喘息薬、抗菌剤、頻尿改善剤、滋養強壮剤、ビタミン剤等が挙げられる。薬効成分は、それを単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
水難溶性で固体状の活性成分としては、例えば、アセトアミノフェン、イブプロフェン、安息香酸、エテンザミド、カフェイン、カンフル、キニーネ、グルコン酸カルシウム、ジメチルカプロール、スルフアミン、テオフィリン、テオプロミン、リボフラビン、メフェネシン、フェノバービタル、アミノフィリン、チオアセタゾン、クエルセチン、ルチン、サリチル酸、テオフィリンナトリウム塩、ピラピタール、塩酸キニーネ、イルガピリン、ジキトキシン、グリセオフルビン、フェナセチン等の解熱鎮痛薬、神経系医薬、鎮静催眠薬、筋弛緩剤、血圧硬化剤、抗ヒスタミン剤等;アセチルスピラマイシン、アンピシリン、エリスロマイシン、キサタマイシン、クロラムフェニコール、トリアセチルオレアンドマイシン、ナイスタチン、硫酸コリスチン等の抗生物質;メチルテストステロン、メチルアンドロステトロンジオール、プロゲステロン、エストラジオールベンゾエイト、エチニレストラジオール、デオキシコルチコステロン・アセテート、コーチゾンアセテート、ハイドロコーチゾン、ハイドロコーチゾンアセテート、プレドニゾロン等のステロイドホルモン剤;ジエンストロール、ヘキサストロール、ジエチルスチルベステロール、ジエチルスチルベステロールジブロヒオネイト、クロロトリアニセン等の非ステロイド系卵黄ホルモン剤;その他脂溶性ビタミン類等の、「日本薬局方」、「局外基」、「USP」、「NF」、「EP」に記載の医薬品薬効成分等が挙げられる。前記から選ばれる1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。水難溶性であれば、昇華性、表面極性の程度にかかわらず、錠剤用の混合物に活性成分として配合することで、本発明の効果が得られるものである。
1錠当たりの最大配合量が少ない薬効成分としては以下に挙げられる100mg以下、10mg以下の薬効成分が挙げられる。
錠剤用の混合物は、前記の活性成分に加えて、滑沢剤を含有することが好ましい。
滑沢剤としては、脂肪酸金属塩、脂肪酸エステル及び脂肪酸エステル金属からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を用いることができ、具体的には、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、タルク等の「医薬品添加物事典2016」(薬事日報社(株)発行)に滑沢剤として分類されるものが挙げられる。前記から選ばれる1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
錠剤用の混合物は、前記の活性成分に加えて、さらに他の添加剤を含有してもよい。
その他の添加剤としては、賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤、流動化剤、矯味剤、香料、着色剤、甘味剤等が挙げられる。
上記錠剤用の混合物を圧縮して錠剤を製造する方法(本実施形態の錠剤の製造方法)について記述するが、これは一例であって、本実施形態の効果は、以下の方法に制限されるものではない。
錠剤に成形する方法としては、例えば、1種以上の活性成分と本実施形態のセルロース組成物を混合したもの、又は1種以上の活性成分と本実施形態のセルロース組成物と、必要に応じて他の添加剤を混合したものをそのまま圧縮成形する直接打錠法が挙げられる。その他、予め圧縮成形した錠剤を内核とする多核錠、予め圧縮した複数の成形体を重ねて再度圧縮する多層錠の製造方法等の製造方法を使用してもよい。生産性、工程管理のし易さから、直接打錠法が好ましい。
[分析1]
(セルロース組成物中の水可溶物の含有量の測定方法)
第17改正日本薬局方の結晶セルロースの純度試験(2)の方法に準拠し、セルロース組成物中の水可溶物の含有量を測定した。
セルロース組成物5.0gに精製水80mLを加え、10分間振り混ぜた。その後、定量分析用ろ紙(5種C)を用いて、セルロース組成物含有溶液を吸引ろ過した。ろ液を質量既知のビーカー中で焦がさないように蒸発乾固した後、105℃で1時間乾燥し、デシケーター中で放冷して、残留物を得た。その後、得られた残留物の質量を量り、残留物の質量を求めた。各粉体2回の測定を行い、平均値を採用した。また、上記操作でセルロース組成物5.0gを加えず、精製水80mLのみで行った試験を空試験とし、空試験で検出された水可溶物の量を測定値から引いた値を得た。この値について、小数点第二桁を四捨五入し、水可溶物量の測定値とした。本試験方法で求められる水可溶物量はセルロース組成物5gに含まれる水可溶物の量である。
(セロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)の含量測定方法)
上記「分析1」で得られた水可溶物の乾固物全量に50%(v/v)アセトニトリル水溶液を10mL加えて再溶解させ、加え、フィルター(0.20μm)でろ過し、LC/MSを用いて、セロオリゴ糖(3〜7糖)の含量測定を行った。
測定溶液の調製、希釈時は精密天秤を使用し、重量を用いてサンプル濃度、希釈率を求めた。
またセロオリゴ糖の含量測定にあたって、セロトリオース(3糖)、セロテトラオース(4糖)、セロペンタオース(5糖)は市販品を用いて調製した既知濃度の溶液をLC/MS分析し、各セロオリゴ糖に対応する保持時間とm/zのイオンクロマトグラムのピーク面積を求め、検量線(サンプル濃度−ピーク面積)を作成した。この検量線を用いて、水可溶物(セルロース組成物5g)中の各セロオリゴ糖の含有量を求めた。
市販品が入手できないセロヘキサオース(6糖)、セロヘプタオース(7糖)の含量は、予め測定しておいたグルコース(単糖)〜セロペンタオース(5糖)を同濃度で分析した際のピーク面積の傾向を用いて、次の計算方法で求めた。なお、各オリゴ糖の合計含有量は、小数点第二桁を四捨五入した値で表記する。
セロヘキサオース(6糖):セロペンタオース(5糖)の検量線を用いて、ピーク面積にセロヘキサオース(6糖)のピーク面積を代入し、得られるセロオリゴ糖の量に補正係数(0.729)を乗じて、セロヘキサオース(6糖)の含量を計算した。
セロヘプタオース(7糖):セロペンタオース(5糖)の検量線を用いて、ピーク面積にセロヘプタオース(7糖)のピーク面積を代入し、得られるセロオリゴ糖の量に補正係数(0.531)を乗じて、セロヘプタオース(7糖)の含量を計算した。
LC装置:島津製作所製、Nexera
カラム:Shodex製、Asahipak NH2P−50 2D(2mm I.D.×150mm)
カラム温度:40℃
検出器:PDA検出器200〜400nm
流速:0.3mL/min
移動相:A=精製水、B=アセトニトリル
グラジエント:グラジエントの条件は、以下の表1に示す。
注入量:10μL
MS装置:Waters製、Synapt G2
イオン化条件:ESI−
スキャンレンジ:m/z 50〜2000
セルロース組成物がセルロース粉末である場合における粉体物性の測定方法を以下に説明する。
(平均粒子径)
レーザー回折式粒度分布計(LA−950 V2(商品名)、堀場製作所製)を使用し、乾式測定モードにて圧縮空気圧0.10MPa、フィーダー速度160、フィーダー初速度係数1.2、屈折率1.51で測定した。測定により得られた累積体積50%粒子を、セルロース粉末の平均粒子径(μm)とした。
(ゆるみ嵩密度)
測定には、水分含有量を3.5質量%以上4.5質量%以下に調整したセルロース粉末を用いた。セルロース粉末の水分含有量の範囲が下側に外れた場合は、恒温恒湿機等でセルロース粉末に水分を吸湿させて調整した。また、上側に外れた場合は、熱風オーブンにて60℃の熱風をセルロース粉末に均等に与えて水分を範囲内に調整した。
(かため嵩密度)
測定には、水分含有量を3.5質量%以上4.5質量%以下に調整したセルロース粉末を用いた。セルロース粉末の水分含有量は、「物性2」に記載の方法を用いて当該範囲に収まるように調整した。粉体物性測定機(PT−R、ホソカワミクロン製)にて、かため嵩密度(かため見掛け比重)(g/mL)を計算した。使用した篩の目開きは710μm、ロートは金属製(静電防止スプレー塗布)の内径0.8cmのものを使用した。VIBRATIONは2.0(供給電源:AC100V、60Hz)で実施した。
(圧縮率)
下記に示す式により、各セルロース粉末の圧縮率を算出した。
(一次粒子相当粒径)
セルロース粉末0.5gを純水10mLに入れ、10分間超音波照射(600W、40kHz)を行った後に、レーザー回折式粒度分布計(LA−950 V2(商品名)、堀場製作所製)を使用し、湿式測定モードにて屈折率1.20(セルロース屈折率1.59、水屈折率1.33)、前処理条件(超音波照射1分、超音波強度1)、循環速度7、撹拌速度5で測定した。測定により得られた累積体積50%粒子を、セルロース一次粒子相当の平均粒子径(一次粒子相当粒径)(μm)とした。
(セルロース粒子の短径に対する長径の比L/D)
セルロース粉末をガラス板上に分散させ、マイクロスコープ(VHX−1000、キーエンス製)を用いて倍率500倍で撮影した。撮影した画像を、画像処理解析システムソフトウェア(Image HyperII、DigiMo製)を用いて以下の手順で解析して、粒子のアスペクト比(短径に対する長径の比;L/D)を測定した。少なくとも50個の粒子について測定を行い、平均値を求めた。
マイクロスコープで撮影した画像をモノクロで解析ソフトに取り込み、画像のスケールの設定を2点間距離法で行った。次に、2値化処理にて「大津法」を選択し、閾値の設定を行った。最適な閾値は画像ごとに異なるため、元画像と見比べつつ、なるべく元の粒子の形状と一致するよう、閾値を選択した。
撮影した元画像と見比べつつ、粒子同士が重なっているもの、画面からはみ出ている粒子、不鮮明で輪郭がぼやけている粒子等、適切な測定結果が得られない粒子は削除し、測定対象から除外した。
「穴埋め」のモードで、「近傍」は「8」を選択し、「穴埋め」を実行した。次に、再度、「2値画像手補正」にて元画像と比較を行い、正常に補正できているか確認した。正常に補正できていない場合は、再度手補正を行った。
削除画素数を「100」に設定し、「近傍」は「8」を選定した後、「画像計測」を実行した。測定粒子1個毎に「長径」及び「短径」の計測結果が、パソコン上にて表示される。「長径」を「短径」で除した数値をアスペクト比とした。
以下に示す方法を用いて、錠剤を作製し、各種評価を行った。
V型混合機(V−5、徳寿製作所)に以下のいずれかの配合の原料(滑沢剤であるステアリン酸マグネシウムを除く)を仕込み60分間混合した。
打錠用粉末(混合時間5分及び30分)をロータリー打錠機(菊水製作所製、クリーンプレス コレクト12HUK、12本杵、ターンテーブル54rpm、オープンフィーダ―使用、打圧7kN)で10分間打錠し、Φ8mm−12R 200mg錠を得た。
(錠剤硬度及び錠剤硬度低下率)
硬度測定用の錠剤は、ロータリー打錠機停止直前の30秒間にサンプリングした錠剤を用いた。各錠剤に対して、打錠直後から20時間以上48時間以下経過した後に、その硬度を硬度計(DR.SCHLEUNIGER Tablet Tester 8M)で測定した。各打圧10錠の平均値を錠剤の硬度とした。錠剤硬度が55N以上であるものが良好であると評価した。
(活性成分の含有量CV値)
まず、活性成分の検量線を作成した。具体的には、吸光度計にて活性成分の吸収スペクトルを測定し、ピークトップの波長を元に検量線を作成した(例:d−マレイン酸クロルフェニラミン:264nm、葉酸:290nm)。
(打錠障害)
上記「錠剤の作製」において、10分間打錠後にロータリー打錠機の下杵を目視で点検し、杵の曇り(粉体の付着)を評価した。評価基準は、以下のとおりである。
○:粉末の付着なし
△:薄く粉体が付着し、曇った状態(杵表面の金属光沢が無い状態)である
×:粉体の付着がはっきり見える状態である
(保存安定性(セルロース組成物と活性成分の反応性評価))
活性成分としてアミノフィリンを用い、セルロース組成物との反応性を以下のように評価した。
まず、セルロース組成物:アミノフィリン=1:1(質量部)としてポリ袋で混合した粉体を静圧打錠機(打圧7kN、保持時間10秒)で打錠し、φ11.3mm、500mgの平錠を打錠した。
上記作製方法で得られた錠剤について、打錠直後に分光式色彩計(SE−2000、日本電色工業製)を用いて、明るさ(L)、彩度(緑〜赤)(a)、彩度(青〜黄)(b)の値を求めた。次いで、以下の式を用いて白色度を算出した。
[調製例1]
(湿フロックXの調製)
市販のパルプを細断したもの2kgと、塩酸水溶液30Lとを低速型攪拌機(池袋琺瑯工業(株)製、30LGL反応器(商品名))に入れ、攪拌しながら、加水分解し(反応条件:塩酸濃度0.5%、反応温度120℃、反応時間1.0時間、撹拌速度220rpm)、酸不溶解性残渣を得た。得られた酸不溶解性残渣を濾液の電気伝導度が100μS/cm未満になるまで純水で十分に洗浄した後、ろ過し、湿フロックXを得た。湿フロックXの平均重合度を日本薬局方の結晶セルロースの確認試験(3)に記載された銅エチレンジアミン溶液粘度法により測定したところ、平均重合度は170であった。
湿フロックXの調製において、酸不溶性残渣から分離した加水分解反応液の濾液を回収した。本濾液を強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂を用いて中和し、エバポレータで濃縮し、不溶物(セロオリゴ糖)を析出させた。濃縮液がスラリー状になるまで濃縮し、濃縮液が乾固させない状態で濃縮を停止した。得られた濃縮液を氷冷し、ガラスフィルターを用いて吸引濾過し、ガラスフィルター上に残った不溶物を、さらに冷水で洗浄した。
洗浄した不溶物を真空減圧乾燥で乾燥させ、セロオリゴ糖抽出物を得た。
セロオリゴ糖抽出物の3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は72質量%であった。
[実施例1]
(セルロース粉末Aの製造)
湿フロックXを90Lポリバケツに導入し、全固形分濃度が10質量%になるように純水を加え、スリーワンモータで分散し、分散液30kgを調製した。分散液を攪拌しながら、アンモニア水で中和し(中和後pH7.5以上8.0以下)、セロオリゴ糖抽出物(3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の割合72%)5.56gを加えて撹拌し、噴霧乾燥して(乾燥条件:分散液供給速度6kg/時間、入口温度180℃以上220℃以下、出口温度50℃以上70℃以下)、セルロース組成物Aを得た。得られた粉末の水可溶物は11.3mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は7.5mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は66質量%であった。
(セルロース組成物Bの製造)
湿フロックXを90Lポリバケツに導入し、全固形分濃度が10質量%になるように純水を加え、スリーワンモータで分散し、分散液30kgを調製した。分散液を攪拌しながら、アンモニア水で中和し(中和後pH7.5以上8.0以下)、セロオリゴ糖抽出物(3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の割合72%)3.39gを加えて撹拌し、噴霧乾燥して(乾燥条件:分散液供給速度6kg/時間、入口温度180℃以上220℃以下、出口温度50℃以上70℃以下)、セルロース組成物Bを得た。得られた粉末の水可溶物は7.8mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は5.0mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は64質量%であった。
(セルロース組成物Cの製造)
実施例2で得られたセルロース組成物B 800gを高速撹拌造粒機に仕込み、造粒し、流動層で乾燥後、500μmの篩で篩過し、セルロース組成物Cを得た(造粒条件:加水量600g、造粒時間20分、メインブレード400rpm、クロススクリュー500rpm;乾燥条件:乾燥温度80℃)。得られた粉末の水可溶物は7.4mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は4.7mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は64質量%であった。
(セルロース組成物Dの製造)
実施例2で得られたセルロース組成物Bをジェットミル粉砕機で粉砕し、セルロース組成物Dを得た。得られた粉末の水可溶物は8.9mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は5.8mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は65質量%であった。
(セルロース組成物Eの製造)
湿フロックXを90Lポリバケツに導入し、全固形分濃度が10質量%になるように純水を加え、スリーワンモータで分散し、分散液30kgを調製した。分散液を攪拌しながら、アンモニア水で中和し(中和後pH7.5以上8.0以下)、セロオリゴ糖抽出物(3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の割合72%)2.52gを加えて撹拌し、噴霧乾燥して(乾燥条件:分散液供給速度6kg/時間、入口温度180℃以上220℃以下、出口温度50℃以上70℃以下)、セルロース組成物Eを得た。得られた粉末の水可溶物は6.4mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は4.0mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は62質量%であった。
(セルロース組成物Fの製造)
湿フロックXを90Lポリバケツに導入し、全固形分濃度が10質量%になるように純水を加え、スリーワンモータで分散し、分散液30kgを調製した。分散液を攪拌しながら、アンモニア水で中和し(中和後pH7.5以上8.0以下)、セロオリゴ糖抽出物は加えず、噴霧乾燥して(乾燥条件:分散液供給速度6kg/時間、入口温度180℃以上220℃以下、出口温度50℃以上70℃以下)、セルロース組成物Fを得た。得られた粉末の水可溶物は2.4mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は1.1mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は46質量%であった。
(セルロース組成物Gの製造)
湿フロックXを90Lポリバケツに導入し、全固形分濃度が10質量%になるように純水を加え、スリーワンモータで分散し、分散液30kgを調製した。分散液を攪拌しながら、アンモニア水で中和し(中和後pH7.5以上8.0以下)、セロオリゴ糖抽出物(3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の割合72%)7.29gを加えて撹拌し、噴霧乾燥して(乾燥条件:分散液供給速度6kg/時間、入口温度180℃以上220℃以下、出口温度50℃以上70℃以下)、セルロース組成物Gを得た。得られた粉末の水可溶物は14.1mg、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含量は9.5mg、水可溶物に対する3〜7糖の割合は68質量%であった。
セルロース組成物5g中の3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖の含有量が7.5mg超であるセルロース組成物G(比較例2)を用いた錠剤では、錠剤硬度、錠剤硬度の低下率が良好なものの、セルロース組成物と活性成分との反応性、錠剤の活性成分の含有量CV値が不良であった。
実施例2で得られたセルロース組成物Bを用いて、上記方法により以下の表6に示す配合の錠剤を作製した後、各評価を行なった。結果を表6に示す。なお、表6において、「d−MC」はd−マレイン酸クロルフェニラミンである。
また、セルロース組成物Bを用いた、滑沢剤の含有量が異なる錠剤(実施例2、6及び7)の比較から、滑沢剤の含有量の増加により、成形時の打錠障害がより抑制される傾向がみられた。
一方で、滑沢剤の含有量の減少により、錠剤硬度、錠剤硬度の低下率がより良好になる傾向がみられた。
Claims (10)
- セルロースと、3糖から7糖までのセロオリゴ糖と、を含むセルロース組成物であって、
前記セルロース組成物5gあたり、前記セロオリゴ糖の含有量が1.5mg以上9.0mg以下である、セルロース組成物。 - 前記セルロース組成物5gあたり、水可溶物の含有量が2.5mg以上12.5mg以下である、請求項1に記載のセルロース組成物。
- 前記水可溶物に対する前記セロオリゴ糖の割合が、47質量%以上67質量%以下である、請求項2に記載のセルロース組成物。
- 前記セルロース組成物が粉末であり、該粉末の平均粒子径が10μm以上200μm以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース組成物。
- 前記粉末のアスペクト比L/Dが1.8以上4.0以下である、請求項4に記載のセルロース組成物。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース組成物と、1種以上の活性成分と、を含む、錠剤。
- 滑沢剤を更に含み、
前記滑沢剤の含有量が錠剤の総質量に対して、0.3質量%以上5質量%以下である、請求項6に記載の錠剤。 - 前記滑沢剤が、脂肪酸金属塩、脂肪酸エステル及び脂肪酸エステル金属塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、請求項7に記載の錠剤。
- 前記滑沢剤が、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、フマル酸ステアリルナトリウム、ステアリン酸、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル及びタルクからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である、請求項7又は8に記載の錠剤。
- 前記活性成分の含有量が錠剤の総質量に対して、0.01質量%以上50質量%未満である、請求項6〜9のいずれか一項に記載の錠剤。
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