JP6690056B2 - 自動連続車両の制御システムアーキテクチャ - Google Patents
自動連続車両の制御システムアーキテクチャ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6690056B2 JP6690056B2 JP2019510705A JP2019510705A JP6690056B2 JP 6690056 B2 JP6690056 B2 JP 6690056B2 JP 2019510705 A JP2019510705 A JP 2019510705A JP 2019510705 A JP2019510705 A JP 2019510705A JP 6690056 B2 JP6690056 B2 JP 6690056B2
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- platooning
- vehicle control
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Description
また、解除以外にも、相対速度制御または単なる速度制御のみが望ましい運転状況もありうる。例えば、先頭車両の後部が後続車両のトラッカー116の視野から外れてしまう状況、またはトラッカー116が隊列走行パートナーの後部を見失ってしまう状況もあり得る。これのような状況は、例えば、隊列走行パートナーの1つが車線変更することにより生じ得る。そのような状況においては、車間距離レギュレータが、車両間の長手方向の車間距離の正確な測定値を有していないことがあり、車間距離を決定する際に精度の低いアプローチ、例えば、車両のそれぞれのGNSS位置等に頼らなければならなくなる場合がある。そのような状況においては、先頭車両の後部がトラッカーの視野に入るまで後続車両の速度を落とすように制御することが望ましいだろう。この場合も、相対速度コントローラ218はそのような状況での使用に好適である。もっとも、この好ましい相対速度制御は、解除中に発生する制御とは若干異なってもよい。すなわち、一般的な目標は、解除中のように急速に後退したり過度に後退したりしないことであり、よって、相対速度はより小さい(例えば、2m/秒に対して0.5m/秒)ことが適切でありうる。
自律型車両コントローラの開発に際しては、システムが安全(真に安全)であることが重要である。また、当該システムの安全性が検証可能であることも重要である。すなわち、システムが安全であることを高い信頼性をもって検証できることが望ましい。背景技術の項において検討したように、いくつかの業界表標準または政府標準は、車両運行に関連する安全性リスクを分類するためのガイドラインおよび/または標準を普及させてきた。そのような取り組みの一つに、ISO26262- Functional Safety for Road Vehicles standardにより規定されたASIL(Automotive Safety Integrity Level)標準がある。ASIL標準では、現在、4つの安全性要求レベル(ASIL−A、ASIL−B、ASIL−C、およびASIL−D)を認定している。このように定義された標準のうち、ASIL−Dは最も高い安全性要件を表し、ASIL−Aは最も低い順守要件に相当する。上記標準により規定されていない安全性要求を有する事項は、「QM(Quality Management)」として設計されるが、それは、ASILの文脈からは、その要求レベルがいずれのASIL標準とも完全には一致しないことを意味する。
先に述べたように、ゲートウェイ470は、診断目的、機械学習目的、他の目的において有用な隊列走行セッションの包括的な記録を提供するため、当該ゲートウェイを通過する種々のメッセージおよび他の情報をログしてするように構成したメッセージロガー473を含むことが好ましい。一般に、ゲートウェイを介して各車両間を通過する制御関連メッセージをすべてログすることが望ましい。この情報には、検証済みのパートナー状態情報444、およびゲートウェイ470を介して各システムマネジャ460間で受け渡しされた検証済みのホスト車両状態情報441が含まれる。また、当該情報は、例えばGNSS位置データ等、各隊列走行コントローラ410間で相互に送信された任意のセンサ情報も含む(当該情報は、システムマネジャによりASIL検証されていないため、本明細書において、未検証の状態情報と呼ぶ場合がある。ただし、そのような情報についてGPSユニット、隊列走行コントローラ、ゲートウェイ自体、または、必要に応じ、任意の他の好適なユニットにより種々のデータ検証を行うことができることは理解されたい)。
Claims (24)
- ホスト車両を少なくとも部分的に自動制御する車両制御システムであって、
該車両制御システムは、
前記ホスト車両に常駐の車両コントローラであって、センサ情報の少なくとも一部に基づいて前記ホスト車両を少なくとも部分的に自動制御するための車両制御コマンドを決定するように構成した車両コントローラと、
少なくとも部分的な自動運転中に、前記車両コントローラから受信した車両制御コマンドが指定安全基準に適合することを検証する前記車両コントローラとは別個に実行される1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムと、を備え、
前記車両コントローラは隊列走行コントローラであり、
前記車両制御コマンドは、それぞれ、前記ホスト車両上に常駐の1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットにより直接または間接に利用されて、該車両制御コマンドの実行を可能にするように設けられ、
前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドの検証において、センサ情報を利用し、
前記車両コントローラが前記車両制御コマンドを決定する際には、前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムも前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムからの出力も使用せず、
前記検証された車両制御コマンドは、前記1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットにより使用されて、前記車両制御コマンドの実行を可能にする、
車両制御システム。 - 前記車両制御コマンドの検証おいて利用された前記センサ情報は、その少なくとも一部に、第2車両上の各センサから受信した情報を含み、
前記第2車両は隊列走行パートナーである、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記車両制御コマンドの検証において利用された前記センサ情報は、その少なくとも一部に、前記ホスト車両上の1以上の各センサから受信したデータを含む、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドの検証において、前記第2車両から受信した検証済み情報を利用し、
前記第2車両から受信した前記検証済み情報は、前記第2車両上のコンポーネントであって、前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムに要求される指定安全基準と少なくとも同等の高い指定安全基準に準拠したコンポーネントにより検証される、
請求項2に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記車両制御コマンドは、トルク要求およびブレーキ要求の少なくとも1を含む、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットは、エンジン制御ユニット、パワートレイン制御モジュール、および制動コントローラからなる群から選択される、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記車両コントローラは、前記1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットとは別個である、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム - 前記第2車両から受信した前記センサ情報であって、前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムにより利用されるセンサ情報は、
前記第2車両上のコンポーネントであって、前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムが準拠する安全基準と少なくとも同等の高い安全基準であり、前記車両コントローラが準拠する安全基準よりも高い安全基準に準拠するコンポーネントから受信される、
請求項2に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記ホスト車両制御ユニットの少なくとも1上で実行される、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記車両コントローラと前記1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットとの間の通信を管理するように設けられた車両インタフェースコントローラをさらに備え、
前記車両インタフェースコントローラは、前記車両コントローラから前記車両制御コマンドを受信して、対応する車両制御コマンドを適切なホスト車両制御ユニットに通信するように構成されており、
前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両インタフェースコントローラにより実行される、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記ホスト車両制御ユニットの少なくとも1上で実行される、請求項10に記載の車両制御システム。
- 前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも1をホストするコントローラのASIL定格は、前記車両コントローラについてのASIL定格よりも高い、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも1をホストするコントローラのASIL定格は少なくともASIL−C準拠である、
請求項1に記載の車両制御システム。 - 前記車両コントローラは、ISO26262下においてQM定格である、
請求項13に記載の車両制御システム。 - ホスト車両を少なくとも部分的に自動制御する車両制御システムであって、
センサ情報の少なくとも一部に基づいて、前記ホスト車両を少なくとも部分的に自動制御するための車両制御コマンドを決定するように構成した車両コントローラと、
少なくとも部分的な自動運転中に、前記車両コントローラから受信した選択した車両制御コマンドが指定安全基準に適合することを検証する1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムをホストする第2コントローラと、を備え、
前記車両コントローラは隊列走行コントローラであり、
前記車両制御コマンドは、それぞれ、前記ホスト車両上に常駐の1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットにより直接または間接に利用されて該車両制御コマンドの実行を可能にするように設けられ、前記車両コントローラはASIL定格であり、
前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドの検証において、第2車両からの検証済みセンサ情報を利用し、前記第2車両から受信される該検証済みセンサ情報は、指定安全基準に準拠する前記第2車両上のコンポーネントにより検証され、
前記第2車両は隊列走行パートナーであり、
前記第2コントローラのASIL定格は、前記車両コントローラのASIL定格よりも高く、
前記第2車両から受信した前記検証済みセンサ情報を検証した前記第2車両上の前記コンポーネントのASIL定格は、前記第2コントローラのASIL定格と少なくとも同じ高さである、
車両制御システム。 - 前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムは、隊列走行中に、指定安全基準が満たされていることを検証するように構成されている、
請求項15に記載の車両制御システム。 - ホスト車両を少なくとも部分的に自動制御する車両制御システム用の車両インタフェースコントローラであって、
該車両インタフェースコントローラは、選択された車両制御コマンドを、前記車両制御コマンドを決定するように構成された車両コントローラから受信して前記ホスト車両の少なくとも部分的な自動制御を可能にし、該車両制御コマンドを、前記ホスト車両に常駐する1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットに、該1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットによる使用に好適な形式で通信するように構成されており、
前記車両コントローラは隊列走行コントローラであり、
前記車両インタフェースコントローラは、
該車両インタフェースコントローラ上で実行される1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムであって、前記少なくとも部分的な自動運転中に、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記選択された車両制御コマンドが指定安全基準に適合することを検証する1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムを備え、
前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドを前記検証する際にセンサデータを利用する、
車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - 前記センサデータは、前記ホスト車両上の各センサから受信したデータを含む、
請求項17に記載の車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - 前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドを検証する際に、第2車両から受信した検証済み情報を利用し、
前記第2車両は隊列走行パートナーであり、
前記第2車両から受信した前記検証済み情報は、該第2車両上のコンポーネントであって、前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムに要求される指定安全基準と少なくとも同じ高さの指定安全基準に準拠するコンポーネントにより検証される、
請求項17に記載の車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - 前記1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットは、エンジン制御ユニット、パワートレイン制御モジュール、または制動コントローラ、の少なくとも1を備える、
請求項17に記載の車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - 前記車両制御コマンドは、トルク要求およびブレーキ要求の少なくとも1を備える、
請求項17に記載の車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - 前記車両インタフェースコントローラのASIL定格は、前記車両コントローラのASIL定格よりも高い、
請求項17に記載の車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - ホスト車両を少なくとも部分的に自動制御する車両制御システム用の車両インタフェースコントローラであって、
該車両インタフェースコントローラは、選択された車両制御コマンドを、車両コントローラから受信し、該車両制御コマンドを、前記ホスト車両に常駐する1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットに、該1以上のホスト車両制御ユニットによる使用に好適な形式で通信するように構成されており、
前記車両コントローラは隊列走行コントローラであり、
前記車両インタフェースコントローラは、
前記車両インタフェースコントローラ上で実行される1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムであって、前記少なくとも部分的な自動運転中に、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記選択された車両制御コマンドが指定安全基準に適合することを検証する1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムを備え、
前記1以上の安全アルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドを前記検証する際にセンサデータを利用し、
前記1以上の安全モニタリングアルゴリズムの少なくとも一部は、前記車両コントローラから受信した前記車両制御コマンドの検証において、第2車両から受信した検証済み情報を利用し、前記第2車両から受信した該検証済み情報は指定安全基準に準拠した前記第2車両上のコンポーネントにより検証され、
前記第2車両は隊列走行パートナーであり、
前記車両インタフェースコントローラのASIL定格は、前記車両コントローラのASIL定格よりも高く、前記第2車両から受信した前記検証済みのセンサ情報を検証した前記第2車両上の前記コンポーネントのASIL定格は、前記車両インタフェースコントローラのASIL定格と少なくとも同じ高さである、
車両インタフェースコントローラ。 - 前記車両制御コマンドを受信した前記車両コントローラは隊列走行コントローラであり、
前記第2車両は隊列走行パートナーであり、
前記安全モニタリングアルゴリズムは、隊列走行中に、前記指定安全基準が満たされていることを検証するように構成されている、
請求項19に記載の車両インタフェースコントローラ。
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US10234871B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
CN110382323A (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
US20180144640A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
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