JP6650462B2 - 多接合型光電変換装置および光電変換モジュール - Google Patents
多接合型光電変換装置および光電変換モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- JP6650462B2 JP6650462B2 JP2017543600A JP2017543600A JP6650462B2 JP 6650462 B2 JP6650462 B2 JP 6650462B2 JP 2017543600 A JP2017543600 A JP 2017543600A JP 2017543600 A JP2017543600 A JP 2017543600A JP 6650462 B2 JP6650462 B2 JP 6650462B2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 179
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 222
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207739-72-8 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 MoO 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004012 SiCx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000391 spectroscopic ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001651 triphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
第二光電変換ユニット2は、光吸収層21として結晶シリコン基板を有する。結晶シリコンは、単結晶および多結晶のいずれでもよい。特に、長波長光の利用効率が高く、かつキャリア回収効率に優れることから、光吸収層21として単結晶シリコン基板が好ましく用いられる。
第二光電変換ユニット2上には、中間層3が設けられ、その上に第一光電変換ユニット1が設けられる。第一光電変換ユニット1は、受光面側から、第一電荷輸送層12、光吸収層11および第二電荷輸送層13をこの順に有する。第一電荷輸送層12および第二電荷輸送層13は、いずれか一方が正孔輸送層であり、他方が電子輸送層である。第二電荷輸送層13は、第一光電変換ユニットにおける裏面側の最表面層1Rであり、中間層3に接している。
本発明の多接合型光電変換装置は、第一光電変換ユニット1と第二光電変換ユニット2の間に中間層3を備える。中間層3は単層でも多層でもよい。
第二光電変換ユニットの裏面側には、裏面透明導電層24が設けられることが好ましい。第一光電変換ユニットの受光面側には、受光面透明導電層14が設けられることが好ましい。透明導電層の材料としては、酸化亜鉛や酸化インジウム、酸化錫等の導電性酸化物を単独で、あるいは複合酸化物として用いることができる。導電性、光学特性、および長期信頼性の観点から、インジウム系酸化物が好ましく、中でも酸化インジウム錫(ITO)を主成分とするものが好ましい。透明導電層には、各種のドーピング剤が添加されていてもよい。
図1に示す多接合型光電変換装置の光学シミュレーションにより、中間層の光学的な作用を調べた。本例では、表面凹凸を有していないn型単結晶シリコン基板を用い、各層が平坦であると仮定した。光学シミュレーションでは、各層の屈折率および消衰係数を用いて、一次元の光学計算を行い、第一光電変換ユニット(ペロブスカイト型光電変換ユニット)および第二光電変換ユニット(ヘテロ接合光電変換ユニット)のそれぞれの光吸収層における光吸収率を求め、これをもとに分光感度電流(Jsc)を算出した。
空気
反射防止膜:MgF2(屈折率=1.4、膜厚=100nm)
<受光面透明導電層>
ITO(屈折率=2.0、膜厚=60nm)
<ペロブスカイト型光電変換ユニット>
正孔輸送層:Spiro−OMeTAD(屈折率=1.8、膜厚=50nm)
光吸収層:CH3NH3PbI3(屈折率=2.3、膜厚=200nm)
電荷輸送層:メソポーラスTiO2(屈折率=1.5、膜厚=10nm)、TiO2コンパクト層(屈折率n1=2.3、膜厚=50nm)
<中間層>
n型微結晶SiOx層(屈折率n=2.0〜4.0、膜厚d=10〜100nm)
<ヘテロ接合光電変換ユニット>
p型非晶質シリコン薄膜(屈折率n2=4.3、膜厚=5nm)
真性非晶質シリコン薄膜(屈折率=4.2、膜厚=5nm)
n型単結晶シリコン基板(屈折率=3.9、厚み=180μm)
真性非晶質シリコン薄膜(屈折率=4.2、膜厚=5nm)
n型非晶質シリコン薄膜(屈折率=4.3、膜厚=10nm)
<裏面透明導電層>
ITO(屈折率=2.0、膜厚=50nm)
<裏面金属電極>
Ag
11 光吸収層(ペロブスカイト型結晶材料層)
12,13 電荷輸送層
21 光吸収層(結晶シリコン基板)
22a,22b 真性シリコン系薄膜
23a,23b 導電型シリコン系薄膜
3 中間層
14,24 透明導電層
5,6 金属電極
110 多接合型光電変換装置
Claims (5)
- 受光面側から、光吸収層としてペロブスカイト型結晶構造の感光性材料を含有する第一光電変換ユニット;中間層;および光吸収層として結晶シリコン基板を含む第二光電変換ユニット、を順に有する多接合型光電変換装置であって、
前記第一光電変換ユニットは、前記光吸収層の受光面側に正孔輸送層を有し、前記光吸収層の裏面側に電子輸送層を有し、前記電子輸送層は酸化チタン層であり、前記中間層に接しており、
第二光電変換ユニットは、前記中間層に接するp型シリコン薄膜を有し、
前記電子輸送層の屈折率n1、前記p型シリコン薄膜の屈折率n2、および前記中間層の屈折率nが、n1<n<n2、n2−n1≧0.7、および√(n1×n2)−0.5≦n≦√(n1×n2)+0.5を満たし、
前記中間層は単層であり、屈折率nが2.5〜3.3、膜厚dが40〜80nm、屈折率nと膜厚dの積ndが125〜264nmである、多接合型光電変換装置。 - 前記中間層は酸化シリコン層を含む、請求項1に記載の多接合型光電変換装置。
- 前記中間層は微結晶酸化シリコン層を含む、請求項2に記載の多接合型光電変換装置。
- 前記第二光電変換ユニットは、前記結晶シリコン基板の裏面側に、n型シリコン系薄膜を備える、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の多接合型光電変換装置。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の多接合型光電変換装置を備える光電変換モジュール。
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