JP6597799B2 - 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 397
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 166
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 153
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 139
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 139
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 73
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、本実施形態による燃料電池システム100の主要構成を示す概略構成図である。
なお、暖機が終了して通常運転に移行すると、触媒燃焼器32への燃料供給は停止され、触媒燃焼器32内における燃焼は一時的に停止する。
以下、第2実施形態について説明する。なお、第1実施形態で説明した要素と同様の要素には同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
以下、第3実施形態について説明する。なお、第1実施形態又は第2実施形態で説明した要素と同様の要素には同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
以下、第4実施形態について説明する。なお、第3実施形態で説明した要素と同様の要素には同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。本実施形態では、燃料電池スタック10のアノード極に対する他のアノード劣化抑制処理として、第2実施形態の逆電圧印加処理に代えて、燃料電池スタック10のアノード入口10aに新たに燃料ガスを供給する新規燃料供給モードが実行される。なお、燃料電池システム100のシステム構成は、第1実施形態と同様である。
Claims (17)
- 燃料電池と、
燃料及び酸化ガスを燃焼させ前記燃料電池のカソード入口に燃焼ガスを供給する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器へ燃料を供給する燃焼燃料供給装置と、
前記燃焼器へ酸化ガスを供給する燃焼酸化ガス供給装置と、
前記燃料電池のアノード出口からアノード排ガスを排出するアノード排ガス排出通路と、
前記燃料電池のカソード出口からカソード排ガスを排出するカソード排ガス排出通路と、
前記燃焼燃料供給装置による前記燃焼器への燃料の供給、及び前記燃焼酸化ガス供給装置による前記燃焼器への酸化ガスの供給を制御するコントローラと、
を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記コントローラは、
前記燃料電池システムの停止要求後に、前記燃焼器への燃料の供給及び酸化ガスの供給を実行する停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部と、
前記燃料電池の停止要求後であって燃料及び酸化ガスの供給中に前記アノード極の酸素分圧が前記アノード極の酸化劣化が生じ得る領域であるか否か判断するための上限閾値以上となった場合に、他のアノード劣化抑制処理を行うアノード劣化抑制処理部と、
を有する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料電池の起動時に実行される暖機運転中に燃料及び酸化ガスの供給を受け、該燃料及び酸化ガスを燃焼させて前記燃料電池のカソード入口に燃焼ガスを供給する起動燃焼器であり、
前記コントローラは、
前記暖機運転の終了後に、前記起動燃焼器への空気の供給を停止する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部は、
燃料に対する酸化ガスの過剰率が前記燃料電池のアノード極の酸化劣化を抑制する所定値となるように、燃料の供給量及び酸化ガスの供給量の少なくとも何れか一方を調節する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記所定値は、1である燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2〜4の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記コントローラは、前記燃料電池のアノード極の酸素分圧を演算するアノード酸素分圧演算部をさらに備え、
前記停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部は、前記アノード極の酸素分圧に基づいて燃料の供給量を調節する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項5に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部は、前記アノード極の酸素分圧が所定の上限閾値未満となるように、燃料の供給量を調節する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項6に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記上限閾値は、前記燃料電池の温度に応じて定まる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項5〜7の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記アノード酸素分圧演算部は、前記燃料電池の温度、前記燃料電池のカソード極の酸素分圧、及び前記燃料電池の端子間電圧に基づいて前記アノード極の酸素分圧を演算する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記アノード劣化抑制処理は、前記燃料電池とは逆の起電力を前記燃料電池に印加する逆電圧印加処理を含む、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記アノード劣化抑制処理は、前記燃料電池へ燃料を供給する燃料電池燃料供給処理を含む、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜10の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部は、
前記燃焼器による燃焼の発熱量が前記燃料電池の放熱量以下となるように、燃料の供給量を調節する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項11に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部は、
前記燃料電池への酸化ガスの供給流量を最低流量に制御する燃料電池システム。 - 請求項11又は12に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記燃料電池の温度を取得する燃料電池温度取得装置と、外気温度を取得する外気温度取得装置と、をさらに有し、
前記停止要求後燃焼器供給制御部は、前記燃料電池の温度及び前記外気温度に基づいて前記燃料電池の放熱量を算出する燃料電池放熱量算出部をさらに備えた、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1〜13の何れか1項に記載の燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料電池のカソード入口に酸化ガスを供給する酸化ガス供給通路に配置される燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池システムにおける燃料電池の停止要求後に、前記燃料電池システム内の燃焼器に燃料及び酸化ガスを供給して前記燃焼器で生成される燃焼ガスを前記燃料電池のカソード入口に供給し、
前記燃料電池の停止要求後であって前記燃焼器への燃料及び酸化ガスの供給中に前記アノード極の酸素分圧が前記アノード極の酸化劣化が生じ得る領域であるか否か判断するための上限閾値以上となる場合に、他のアノード劣化抑制処理を行う、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項15に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法において、
燃料に対する酸化ガスの過剰率が前記燃料電池のアノード極の酸化劣化を抑制する所定値となるように、燃料の供給量及び酸化ガスの供給量の少なくとも何れか一方を調節する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項16に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法において、
前記所定値は、1である、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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