JP6595048B2 - 組成物 - Google Patents
組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6595048B2 JP6595048B2 JP2018114540A JP2018114540A JP6595048B2 JP 6595048 B2 JP6595048 B2 JP 6595048B2 JP 2018114540 A JP2018114540 A JP 2018114540A JP 2018114540 A JP2018114540 A JP 2018114540A JP 6595048 B2 JP6595048 B2 JP 6595048B2
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- fiber
- composite fiber
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
- D21H15/10—Composite fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/69—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/70—Inorganic compounds forming new compounds in situ, e.g. within the pulp or paper, by chemical reaction with other substances added separately
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/71—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes
- D21H17/73—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes of inorganic material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
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- A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
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Description
本発明の一態様に係る組成物は、無機粒子と繊維との複合繊維と、当該無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子、当該繊維とは異なる種類の繊維及び有機粒子のうち少なくとも一つと、を含む。これにより、複合繊維を構成する繊維と無機粒子との双方の特徴を持ち合わせ、かつ、組成物に包含される、当該繊維及び無機粒子とは異なる種類の繊維の無機粒子の機能も合わせ持つ独自の組成物を提供できる。例えば、消臭性を有する複合繊維と、金、銅、銀等の金属イオンを担持した繊維及び/又は活性炭、シリカ等の比表面積が大きい無機材料とを併用することによって、消臭性能を高めることができる。また、無機粒子、繊維の種類によっては、耐火性、放射線遮断性等の機能を向上させることができる。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物に含まれる複合繊維は、無機粒子と繊維との複合繊維である。本発明の一態様に係る組成物に含まれる複合繊維では、単に繊維と無機粒子とが混在しているのではなく、水素結合等によって繊維と無機粒子とが結着しているので、離解処理によっても無機粒子が脱落することが少ない。複合繊維における繊維と無機粒子との結着の強さは、例えば、灰分歩留(%)によって評価できる。例えば、複合繊維がシート状である場合、(シートの灰分÷離解前の複合繊維の灰分)×100といった数値によって評価することができる。具体的には、複合繊維を水に分散させて固形分濃度0.2%に調整してJIS P 8220−1:2012に規定される標準離解機で5分間離解後、JIS P 8222:1998に従って150メッシュのワイヤーを用いてシート化した際の灰分歩留を評価に用いることができる。好ましい態様において灰分歩留は20質量%以上であり、より好ましい態様において灰分歩留は50質量%以上である。つまり、単に無機粒子を繊維に単に配合した場合と異なり、無機粒子を繊維と複合繊維化しておくと、例えば、シート状の複合繊維とする態様において、無機粒子が複合繊維に歩留易いだけでなく、凝集せずに均一に分散した複合繊維を得ることができる。
複合繊維を構成する無機粒子は、組成物の用途に応じて適宜選択すればよく、水に不溶性または難溶性の無機粒子であることが好ましい。無機粒子の合成を水系で行う場合があり、また、複合繊維を水系で使用することもあるため、無機粒子が水に不溶性または難溶性であると好ましい。
複合繊維を構成する繊維は、例えば、セルロース繊維が好ましい。セルロース繊維の原料としては、パルプ繊維(木材パルプ、非木材パルプ)、セルロースナノファイバー、バクテリアセルロース、ホヤ等の動物由来セルロース、藻類が例示され、木材パルプは、木材原料をパルプ化して製造すればよい。木材原料としては、アカマツ、クロマツ、トドマツ、エゾマツ、ベニマツ、カラマツ、モミ、ツガ、スギ、ヒノキ、カラマツ、シラベ、トウヒ、ヒバ、ダグラスファー、ヘムロック、ホワイトファー、スプルース、バルサムファー、シーダ、パイン、メルクシマツ、ラジアータパイン等の針葉樹、及びこれらの混合材、ブナ、カバ、ハンノキ、ナラ、タブ、シイ、シラカバ、ハコヤナギ、ポプラ、タモ、ドロヤナギ、ユーカリ、マングローブ、ラワン、アカシア等の広葉樹及びこれらの混合材が例示される。
次に複合繊維の製造方法の一例として、炭酸カルシウムとセルロース繊維との複合繊維を合成する例に基づいて説明する。
次に複合繊維の製造方法の一例として、硫酸バリウムとセルロース繊維との複合繊維を合成する例に基づいて説明する。
次に複合繊維の製造方法の一例として、ハイドロタルサイトとセルロース繊維との複合繊維を合成する例に基づいて説明する。複合繊維を構成する無機粒子がハイドロタルサイトの場合、繊維の存在下で溶液中においてハイドロタルサイトを合成することによって、ハイドロタルサイトと繊維の複合繊維を製造することができる。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物は、複合繊維を構成する無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子を含み得る。複合繊維を構成する無機粒子と、当該無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子とにおいて、同様の機能を有するものを選択すれば、当該機能をより向上させることができる。また、複合繊維を構成する無機粒子と、当該無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子とにおいて、異なる機能を有するものを選択すれば、双方の機能を併せ持つ組成物を提供できる。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物は、複合繊維を構成する繊維とは異なる種類の繊維を含み得る。複合繊維を構成する繊維と、当該繊維とは異なる種類の繊維とにおいて、同様の機能を有するものを選択すれば、当該機能をより向上させることができる。また、複合繊維を構成する繊維と、当該繊維とは異なる種類の繊維とにおいて、異なる機能を有するものを選択すれば、双方の機能を併せ持つ組成物を提供できる。また、複合繊維を構成する繊維と、当該無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子とにおいて、異なる機能を有するものを選択すれば、双方の機能を併せ持つ組成物を提供できる。
次に複合繊維を構成する繊維とは異なる種類の繊維の製造方法の一例として、金属担持セルロース繊維との複合繊維を合成する例に基づいて説明する。
上記セルロース繊維の酸基の量は、0.2mmol/g〜2.2mmol/gが好ましい。酸基の量を0.2mmol/g以上とすることで、セルロース繊維表面に十分な量の金属イオンが存在し、消臭機能を良好に発揮する。酸基の量を2.2mmol/g以下とすることで、衛生薄葉紙の抄紙の際のろ水性が良好に保たれ、脱水負荷を低減できる。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物は有機粒子を含んでもよい。有機粒子とは有機化合物を粒子状にしたものである。有機粒子としては、例えば、難燃性を高めるための有機系の難燃材料(リン酸系、ホウ素系等)、尿素−ホルマリン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、微小中空粒子、アクリルアミド複合繊維、木材由来の物質(微細繊維、ミクロフィブリル繊維、粉体ケナフ)、印刷適性を向上させるための変性不溶化デンプン、未糊化デンプン、ラテックス等が挙げられる。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物の製造方法は、上述した複合繊維と、複合繊維を構成する無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子、複合繊維を構成する繊維とは異なる種類の繊維及び有機粒子のうち少なくとも一つが混合されればよい。
本発明の一態様に係る組成物は、種々の形状で用いることができ、例えば、粉体、ペレット、モールド、水性懸濁液、ペースト、シート等の形状にして用いることができる。また、本発明の一態様に係る組成物を主成分として他の材料と共にモールド及び粒子・ペレット等の成形体にすることもできる。乾燥して紛体にする場合の乾燥機についても特に制限はないが、例えば、気流乾燥機、バンド乾燥機、噴霧乾燥機等を好適に使用することができる。
本発明は、これに制限されるものでないが、以下の発明を包含する。
(1)ハイドロタルサイトと繊維との複合繊維の合成
(1−1)アルカリ溶液および酸溶液の調製
ハイドロタルサイト(HT)を合成するための溶液を準備した。アルカリ溶液(A溶液)として、Na2CO3(和光純薬)およびNaOH(和光純薬)の混合水溶液を調製した。また、酸溶液(B溶液)として、ZnCl2(和光純薬)およびAlCl3(和光純薬)の混合水溶液を調製した。
・アルカリ溶液(A溶液、Na2CO3濃度:0.05M、NaOH濃度:0.8M)
・酸溶液(B溶液、Zn系、ZnCl2濃度:0.3M、AlCl3濃度:0.1M)
(1−2)複合繊維の合成
複合化する繊維として、セルロース繊維を使用した。具体的には、広葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(LBKP、日本製紙製)と針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP、日本製紙製)を8:2の重量比で含み、シングルディスクリファイナー(SDR)を用いてカナダ標準濾水度を400mlに調整したパルプ繊維(L/N混合パルプ)を用いた。
JIS P 8222に基づいて、合成した複合繊維からマットを製造した(坪量:約100g/m2)。具体的には、複合繊維の水性スラリー(約0.5%)をろ紙(JIS
P3801、定量分析用、5種B)を用いてろ過し、得られたサンプルを1MPaで5分間圧力をかけて脱水した後、50℃で2時間緊張乾燥させて、約200cm2の大きさの複合繊維マットを製造した。製造したマットは、複合繊維(表1中では「Zn系HT複合体」と表記する)、L/N混合パルプ、そして金属イオン(銅イオン)を担持した吸収性物品(国際公開第2016/31749号パンフレット)(表1中では「金属イオン担持パルプ」と表記する)を併用し製造した。各マットの組成を表1に示す。
製造した複合繊維マット(坪量:約100g/m2)を用いて、複合繊維の消臭特性を評価した。消臭試験に供した複合繊維マットの大きさは100cm2(10cm×10cm)である。
減少率(%)={(A−B)/A}×100
A:2時間後の空試験濃度
B:2時間後の試料試験濃度
表1に示すように、消臭試験を実施したサンプルの中で、複合繊維と金属イオン担持パルプとの併用により、消臭性能が向上することを確認した。
(1)アルカリ溶液と酸溶液の調製
ハイドロタルサイト(HT)を合成するための溶液を準備した。アルカリ溶液(A溶液)として、Na2CO3(和光純薬)およびNaOH(和光純薬)の混合水溶液を調製した。また、酸溶液(B溶液)として、MgSO4(和光純薬)およびAl2(SO4)3(和光純薬)の混合水溶液を調製した。
・アルカリ溶液(A溶液、Na2CO3濃度:0.05M、NaOH濃度:0.8M)
・酸溶液(B溶液、MgSO4濃度:0.3M、Al2(SO4)3濃度:0.1M)
(2)複合繊維の合成
複合体化する繊維として、セルロース繊維を使用した。具体的には、広葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(LBKP、日本製紙製)と針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP、日本製紙製)とを8:2の質量比で含み、シングルディスクリファイナー(SDR)を用いてカナダ標準濾水度を430mlに調整したパルプ繊維を用いた。
アルカリ溶液にパルプ繊維を添加し、パルプ繊維を含む水性懸濁液(スラリー)を準備した(パルプ繊維濃度:2.0%、pH:約12.7)。この水性懸濁液(パルプ固形分18.75g)を、2L容の反応容器に入れ、十分に撹拌した。
JIS P 8222に基づいて、合成した複合繊維からマットを製造した(坪量:約100g/m2)。具体的には、複合繊維の水性スラリー(約0.5%)をろ紙(JIS P3801、定量分析用、5種B)を用いてろ過し、得られたサンプルを1MPaで5分間圧力をかけて脱水した後、50℃で2時間緊張乾燥させて、約200cm2の大きさの複合繊維マットを製造した(表2で酸化チタン−HT複合繊維と記載)また、合わせてパルプ単体(L/N混合パルプ、8:2)のマットを製造した。
減少率(%)={(A−B)/A}×100
A:2時間後の空試験濃度
B:2時間後の試料試験濃度
表2に示すように、複合繊維と酸化チタンとの併用により、消臭性能が向上することを確認した。
(1)ハイドロタルサイトとセルロース繊維との複合繊維の合成
実施例1と同じ操作を行ない合成した。
複合体化する繊維として、セルロース繊維を使用した。具体的には、広葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(LBKP、日本製紙製)と針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP、日本製紙製)とを8:2の質量比で含み、シングルディスクリファイナー(SDR)を用いてカナダ標準濾水度を430mlに調整したパルプ繊維を用いた。
ハイドロタルサイトとセルロース繊維との複合繊維のスラリー(濃度:1.2重量%)と炭酸マグネシウムとセルロース繊維との複合繊維のスラリー(濃度:1.2重量%)に、カチオン性の歩留剤(ND300、ハイモ)とアニオン性の歩留剤(FA230、ハイモ)とを対固形分で100ppmずつ添加して、ハイドロタルサイトとセルロース繊維との複合繊維、および、炭酸マグネシウムとセルロース繊維との複合繊維を含有する組成物1を調製した。
(4−1)消臭性能の評価
JIS P 8222に基づいて、合成した複合繊維からマットを製造した(坪量:約100g/m2)。具体的には、組成物1(ハイドロタルサイト複合繊維、および、炭酸マグネシウムとセルロース繊維との複合繊維を含有する組成物)の水性スラリー(約0.5%)をろ紙(JIS P3801、定量分析用、5種B)を用いてろ過し、得られたサンプルを1MPaで5分間圧力をかけて脱水した後、50℃で2時間緊張乾燥させて、約200cm2の大きさの複合繊維マットを製造した(表3で炭酸Mg複合繊維−HT複合繊維と記載)。また、合わせてパルプ単体(L/N混合パルプ、8:2)のマットを製造した。
減少率(%)={(A−B)/A}×100
A:2時間後の空試験濃度
B:2時間後の試料試験濃度
表3に示すように、ハイドロタルサイトとセルロース繊維との複合繊維と、炭酸マグネシウムとセルロース繊維との複合繊維の併用により、消臭性能が向上することを確認した。
JIS P 8222に基づいて、炭酸Mg−HT複合繊維からマットを製造した(坪量:約300g/m2)。製造したマットの難燃特性を評価した。JIS A 1322(JIS Z 2150)を基にして、以下の手順により評価した。一定の大きさ(20cm×30cm)に切り揃えたボードを50℃で48時間乾燥した後、乾燥用シリカゲルを入れたデシケータ中に24時間放置し、燃焼試験(加熱試験)のサンプルとした。サンプルを支持枠(枠の内寸16cm×25cm)に取り付けて、加熱試験装置に装着し、ガスバーナーに点火後、2分間、サンプルを加熱し、炭化面積、残炎時間、残じん時間を測定した。なお、燃焼試験には、45°燃焼性試験器(スガ試験機社製、FL-45M)を用いた。加熱には、メッケルバーナー(高さ160mm、内径20mm)を用い、1次空気を混入しないでガスだけを送入して燃焼させた。燃料は液化石油ガス5号(ブタン及びブチレンを主体とするもの、JIS K 2240)を用い、サンプルを取り付けない状態で、炎の長さが65mmになるように調整した。
・残炎時間:加熱終了時から試験体が炎をあげて燃え続ける時間を測定した。
・残じん:加熱終了時から無炎燃焼している状態をいう。
・炭化長面積:試験体の加熱面の炭化部分(炭化して明らかに強度が変化)している部分について最大長と最大幅を測定し、それらを掛け合わせて算出した。結果として、残炎時間が10秒以下、残じん時間が30秒以下、炭化面積が50cm2以下であれば、防炎物品(合板)に求められる基準を満たしており(参考:消防庁「防炎の知識と実際」)、goodと評価した。また、防炎物品に求められる基準を満たさない場合をbadと評価した。結果を表3に示す。表3に示す通り、本実施例のマットは優れた難燃特性を示した。
Claims (10)
- 無機粒子と繊維との複合繊維と、
金属担持セルロース繊維と、
を含み、
前記金属担持セルロース繊維は、セルロース繊維に担持される金属として金、銀、チタン、銅、白金、鉄、亜鉛、及び、アルミニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を含む、組成物。 - 無機粒子と繊維との第1の複合繊維と、
前記無機粒子とは異なる種類の無機粒子と繊維との第2の複合繊維とを含み、
前記第1の複合繊維に含まれる無機粒子が、金、銀、チタン、銅、白金、鉄、亜鉛、及び、アルミニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を含む化合物であり、
前記異なる種類の無機粒子が、金、銀、銅、白金、鉄、亜鉛、カルシウム、マグネシウム、及び、アルミニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を含む化合物を含む、組成物。 - 前記金属担持セルロース繊維は、銅を担持したセルロース繊維である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記異なる種類の無機粒子が、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム及び水酸化アルミニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物を含む、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記複合繊維中の繊維はセルロース繊維である、請求項1又は3に記載の組成物。
- 前記複合繊維は、前記繊維の表面の15%以上が前記無機粒子で覆われている、請求項1、3又は5に記載の組成物。
- 前記複合繊維中の前記無機粒子の平均一次粒子径が1μm以下である、請求項1、3、5又は6に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の複合繊維及び前記第2の複合繊維のうち少なくとも一方の複合繊維中の繊維はセルロース繊維である、請求項2又は4に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の複合繊維及び前記第2の複合繊維のうち少なくとも一方の複合繊維は、前記繊維の表面の15%以上が前記無機粒子で覆われている、請求項2、4又は8に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の複合繊維及び前記第2の複合繊維のうち少なくとも一方の複合繊維中の無機粒子の平均一次粒子径が1μm以下である、請求項2、4、8又は9に記載の組成物。
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