JP6413347B2 - 蓄電素子 - Google Patents
蓄電素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6413347B2 JP6413347B2 JP2014108411A JP2014108411A JP6413347B2 JP 6413347 B2 JP6413347 B2 JP 6413347B2 JP 2014108411 A JP2014108411 A JP 2014108411A JP 2014108411 A JP2014108411 A JP 2014108411A JP 6413347 B2 JP6413347 B2 JP 6413347B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- separator
- layer
- positive electrode
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 137
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 54
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- -1 1,2-dimethoxyethane Ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018087 Al-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018188 Al—Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NClO Chemical compound NClO PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEJBEYOXRNGPEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one Chemical compound CNC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 UEJBEYOXRNGPEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJBFVQSGPLGDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JJBFVQSGPLGDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013210 LiNiMnCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Natural products COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940054190 hydroxypropyl chitosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IRDCEJVOXCGYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O IRDCEJVOXCGYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTWKDFWKALPPII-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;octadecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O NTWKDFWKALPPII-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JFNAJRJKQQEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;octane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O JFNAJRJKQQEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane Chemical compound C1CS1 VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/454—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/51—Connection only in series
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る蓄電素子10の外観斜視図である。なお、同図は、容器内部を透視した図となっている。図2は、本発明の実施の形態に係る電極体400の構成を示す斜視図である。なお、同図は、図1に示した電極体400の巻回状態を一部展開した図である。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態に係る電極体400の構成を示す断面図である。具体的には、同図は、図2に示された電極体400の巻回状態が展開された部分をA−A断面で切断した場合の断面を示す図である。
まず、正極410について説明する。正極410は、正極基材層411と、正極合剤層412とを有している。
次に、負極420について説明する。負極420は、負極基材層421と、負極合剤層422とを有している。
次に、セパレータ430について説明する。セパレータ430は、正極410と負極420との間に配置される長尺帯状のセパレータであり、正極410及び負極420とともに長手方向(Y軸方向)に巻回され複数層積層されることで、電極体400が形成される。セパレータ430は、セパレータ基材層431及び無機塗工層432を備えている。
まず、蓄電素子10の製造方法について説明する。具体的には、以下のようにして、後述する実施例1〜44及び比較例1〜14における蓄電素子としての電池の作製を行った。なお、実施例1〜44は、いずれも、上述した実施の形態に係る蓄電素子10に関するものである。
正極活物質として、LiNiMnCoO2を用いた。また、導電助剤にはアセチレンブラック、バインダにはPVDFを用い、正極活物質が90質量%、導電助剤が5質量%、バインダが5質量%となるように配合した。また、箔には、厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔を用い、正極活物質、導電助剤、バインダにN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を加え混練し箔状に塗布乾燥後、プレスを行った。なお、プレス多孔度は、アンダーコート層がない場合には33%とし、アンダーコート層がある場合には40%とした。
負極活物質として、ハードカーボン(HC:難黒鉛化性炭素)またはグラファイト(Graphite)を用いた。また、バインダにはPVDFを用い、負極活物質が93質量%、バインダが7質量%となるように配合した。また、負極基材層には、厚み10μmの銅箔を用い、負極活物質、導電助剤、バインダにN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を加え混練し箔状に塗布乾燥後、負極合剤層のプレス多孔度が30%になるようにプレスを行った。
セパレータ基材層として、透気度が140秒/100ccのポリオレフィン製微多孔膜を使用した。
非水電解質としては、プロピレンカーボネート(PC):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=3:2:5(体積比)の混合溶媒に、電解質塩としてLiPF6を調整後に1mol/Lとなるように溶解した。なお、これに添加剤として公知の添加剤を加えることにしてもよい。
正極、負極及びセパレータを、無機塗工層がセパレータと正極との間に配置されるように積層して巻回後、集電し、角型の容器に挿入し、非水電解質を注入して封口した。
電池を放電状態(2V)にて解体し、正極を取り出してDMCにて十分洗浄を行い、25℃で真空乾燥を実施した。以下の試験においては、全て洗浄乾燥後のサンプルを用いて実施した。
電池を放電状態(2V)にて解体し、負極を取り出してDMCにて十分洗浄を行い、25℃で真空乾燥を実施した。以下の試験においては、全て洗浄乾燥後のサンプルを用いて実施した。
マイクロメータにて、負極合剤塗布部分の厚みLを測定した。その後、アセトンもしくはNMPにて合剤を剥離し、剥離後の箔厚みLbを測定した。そして、(L−Lb)/2にて、負極合剤層の片面の塗布厚みを求めた。なお、合剤を剥離するために用いる溶剤は、負極基材層(箔)を侵食しなければ特に制限されない。また、測定は、1サンプルあたり5回実施してその平均値を1サンプルの負極合剤層の片面の厚みとし、5サンプルの負極合剤層の片面の厚みを平均したものを、負極合剤層厚みとした。
負極を2×2cm2のサイズに切り出し、重量(Ma)を測定した。その後、アセトンもしくはNMPにて負極合剤層を剥離し、剥離後の箔重量(Mb)を測定した。(Ma−Mb)/8にて単位面積当たり片面塗布重量を求めた。なお、負極合剤層を剥離するために用いる溶剤は、箔を侵食しなければ特に制限されない。また、測定は、1サンプルあたり5回実施してその平均値を1サンプルの負極合剤層の片面重量とし、10サンプルの負極合剤層の片面重量を平均したものを負極合剤層の重量とした。
単位面積当たりの負極合剤層の重量/負極合剤層厚みにて、負極合剤層密度を算出した。
負極をCP(クロスセクションポリッシャ)加工し、断面をSEM観察した。ランダムに選択した少なくとも500個の活物質粒子の直径を測定し、粒子を球状とみなした場合の粒子径が小さい側からの累積体積を求め、累積体積が50%を超えた時の粒子径をD50粒子径とした。
25℃の恒温層内で以下の試験を実施した。まず、(4−1a)下限電圧2.4Vにて4Aの定電流放電試験を実施し、次に、(4−1b)上限電圧4.1Vにて4Aの定電流定電圧充電を3時間実施後、下限電圧2.4Vにて放電試験4Aの定電流放電を実施した。そして、(4−1b)の放電時の電流容量を電池容量とした。
直前の容量確認試験により1C(A)を定め、放電状態から25℃、0.5C(A)、充電時間1時間にて、SOC(State of Charge)を50%に調整した。そして、温度25℃、電流40C(A)で放電を実施し、1秒目の抵抗D1=(1秒目の電圧と通電前の電圧との差)/電流にて1秒目の抵抗D1を算出し、1秒目の出力W1=(通電前電圧−下限電圧)/D1×下限電圧にて1秒目の出力W1を算出した。また、同様に、10秒目の抵抗D2=(10秒目の電圧と通電前の電圧との差)/電流にて10秒目の抵抗D2を算出し、10秒目の出力W2=(通電前電圧−下限電圧)/D2×下限電圧にて10秒目の出力W2を算出した。
25℃にて、電池を4Aで4.1Vまで定電流充電したのち、総充電時間が3時間となるまで4.1Vで定電圧充電を行い、その後、2.4Vまで定電流放電し、そのときの放電容量をQ1とする。この放電容量Q1を1時間で放電するときの電流値を1CAとする。放電状態(SOC0%)の電池を、25℃にて0.5CAで1時間充電することにより、SOC50%に調整する。この電池を20CAで10秒間放電し、以下の式2により、サイクル前抵抗を求める。
電池化成後に電池定格容量の20%まで充電し、25℃にて20日間保存した場合に、保存前の電池電圧と保存後の電池電圧との差(電池電圧低下)が0.1V以上であった電池の割合(%)を微小短絡発生率とする。なお、本実施例では、3.1Vの定電圧充電を3時間実施した後、1時間経過後から12時間経過後までに電圧測定し、25℃にて20日間保存した後に再度電圧測定を行い、その差異を電池電圧低下とした。そして、1水準あたり20セルの試験を行い、当該割合を計算して微小短絡発生率とした。
セパレータを電池から取り出し、速やかにジメチルカーボネート(DMC)にて洗浄を行い、その後重量変化がなくなるまで25℃で乾燥させる。以下の試験においては、全て洗浄乾燥後のサンプルを用いて実施した。
マイクロメータにて、セパレータの厚みLを測定した。5サンプルの厚みを平均したものを、セパレータ厚みとした。
セパレータを4×4cm2の大きさに切り出したのち、重量を測定し、含浸前重量とした。セパレータをPC(プロピレンカーボネート)中に1分間含浸させて引き上げ、パルプ素材の紙ワイパーにて表面に付着した余剰PCをふき取って重量を測定し、含浸後重量とした。
前処理後のセパレータについて、ガーレー法(JIS8117)規定面積あたり100ccの空気が透過する時間を計測することで、セパレータ全体の透気度(セパレータ全透気度)を取得する。セパレータが無機塗工層を有していない(基材層のみ有している)場合には、このセパレータ全透気度がセパレータの基材層の透気度(セパレータ基材透気度)となる。
セパレータを水:エタノールが50:50(vol%)の溶液内に浸漬し、超音波洗浄を実施する。超音波洗浄後に無機塗工層側を光学顕微鏡にて観察し、無機塗工層の残存物がなくなるまで繰り返し超音波洗浄を行う。このとき、溶液の温度が上昇しすぎてセパレータ基材層が変質しないよう注意する。そして、無機塗工層がなくなった超音波洗浄後のセパレータの透気度を測定し、セパレータ基材透気度とする。
以上のように、本実施の形態に係る蓄電素子10は、正極410と、負極420と、正極410と負極420との間に配置されたセパレータ430とを備え、負極420は、負極基材層421と、負極基材層421の表面に配置された負極合剤層422とを有し、セパレータ430は、セパレータ基材層431を有する。負極合剤層422は、負極活物質として、D50粒子径が2.0μm以上6.0μm以下である難黒鉛化性炭素を含み、負極補正密度は、1.2(g/cm3)以上5.1(g/cm3)以下である。ここで、本願発明者らは、鋭意検討と実験の結果、セパレータ430の厚みを薄くした場合でも、上記負極合剤層422を含み、負極補正密度が上記範囲である蓄電素子10の構成において、セパレータ430が負極420から受ける影響を低減し、電流分布の不均一性に起因する高レートサイクル後の一過性の出力劣化を抑制することができることを見出した。これにより、セパレータ430の厚みを薄くした蓄電素子10において、高レートサイクル後の一過性の出力劣化を抑制することができる。
100 容器
110 ふた板
120 正極集電体
130 負極集電体
200 正極端子
300 負極端子
400 電極体
410 正極
411 正極基材層
412 正極合剤層
420 負極
421 負極基材層
422 負極合剤層
430 セパレータ
431 セパレータ基材層
432 無機塗工層
Claims (4)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極の間に配置されたセパレータと、非水電解質とを備えた蓄電素子であって、
前記負極は、
負極基材層と、
前記負極基材層の表面に配置された負極合剤層とを有し、
前記セパレータは、セパレータ基材層を有し、
前記セパレータは、さらに、前記セパレータ基材層の表面に、無機粒子を含む無機層を有し、
前記セパレータは、前記セパレータに含浸するプロピレンカーボネートと前記セパレータとの体積比を表すセパレータPC含浸率が40%以上70%以下である特性を有し、
前記負極合剤層は、負極活物質として、D50粒子径が2.0μm以上6.0μm以下である難黒鉛化性炭素を含み、
前記負極合材層の密度に前記負極合材層の厚みを乗算した値を前記セパレータ基材層の厚みで除算した値として定義される負極補正密度は、1.2(g/cm3)以上5.1(g/cm3)以下である
蓄電素子。
- 前記負極補正密度は、2.2(g/cm3)以上4.4(g/cm3)以下である
請求項1に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記セパレータは、厚みが20μm以下である
請求項1又は2に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記セパレータPC含浸率が55%以上70%以下である
請求項1〜3に記載の蓄電素子。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014108411A JP6413347B2 (ja) | 2014-05-26 | 2014-05-26 | 蓄電素子 |
EP15153069.8A EP2950368A1 (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-01-29 | Energy storage device, energy storage apparatus, vehicle, and method for using energy storage device |
KR1020150026371A KR20150135996A (ko) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-02-25 | 축전 소자, 축전 장치, 차량 및 축전 소자의 사용 방법 |
CN201510089847.6A CN105304869B (zh) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-02-27 | 蓄电元件、蓄电装置、车辆和蓄电元件的使用方法 |
US14/719,886 US9705119B2 (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-05-22 | Energy storage device, energy storage apparatus, vehicle, and method for using energy storage device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014108411A JP6413347B2 (ja) | 2014-05-26 | 2014-05-26 | 蓄電素子 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2015225725A JP2015225725A (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
JP6413347B2 true JP6413347B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 |
Family
ID=52432712
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014108411A Active JP6413347B2 (ja) | 2014-05-26 | 2014-05-26 | 蓄電素子 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9705119B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2950368A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6413347B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20150135996A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105304869B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105470433B (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2020-06-23 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | 蓄电元件和蓄电元件的制造方法 |
US20220214118A1 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2022-07-07 | Energy Systems Management Limited | Caloric store |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4165677B2 (ja) | 1998-12-29 | 2008-10-15 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水二次電池 |
JP3511966B2 (ja) | 2000-01-21 | 2004-03-29 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | 円筒形リチウムイオン電池 |
JP2002231312A (ja) | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-16 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP4296590B2 (ja) | 2002-04-08 | 2009-07-15 | 株式会社ジーエス・ユアサコーポレーション | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2004006164A (ja) | 2002-06-03 | 2004-01-08 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 非水二次電池およびそれを用いた電子機器 |
KR100573358B1 (ko) * | 2002-09-17 | 2006-04-24 | 가부시키가이샤 도모에가와 세이시쇼 | 리튬이온2차전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함한리튬이온2차전지 |
JP2006032246A (ja) | 2004-07-21 | 2006-02-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質電池用セパレータ及び非水電解質電池 |
JP5135678B2 (ja) | 2005-11-24 | 2013-02-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電池構造体、組電池、およびこれらを搭載した車両 |
JP2007265666A (ja) | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2008010183A (ja) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-17 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2008277201A (ja) * | 2007-05-02 | 2008-11-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP5261127B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-15 | 2013-08-14 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | リチウムイオンキャパシターの負極被膜及び電極被膜形成用塗料組成物 |
US20110181249A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-07-28 | Masaki Deguchi | Charging method and charger for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
KR101551135B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-28 | 2015-09-07 | 아사히 가세이 가부시키가이샤 | 비수계 이차 전지 |
KR20160148718A (ko) * | 2012-02-06 | 2016-12-26 | 가부시끼가이샤 구레하 | 비수전해질 이차전지용 탄소질 재료 |
JP5935405B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-08 | 2016-06-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 積層構造電池 |
JP6179125B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-09 | 2017-08-16 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子 |
JP5692605B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-21 | 2015-04-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池 |
JP5626602B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-11-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP6244679B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-12 | 2017-12-13 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子 |
JP6065443B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 | 2017-01-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 耐熱電池およびその充放電方法 |
US20140120410A1 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including same |
KR101547819B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-08 | 2015-08-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지 제조 방법 |
JP6393976B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2018-09-26 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子及び蓄電装置 |
-
2014
- 2014-05-26 JP JP2014108411A patent/JP6413347B2/ja active Active
-
2015
- 2015-01-29 EP EP15153069.8A patent/EP2950368A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-02-25 KR KR1020150026371A patent/KR20150135996A/ko unknown
- 2015-02-27 CN CN201510089847.6A patent/CN105304869B/zh active Active
- 2015-05-22 US US14/719,886 patent/US9705119B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150340677A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
CN105304869A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
US9705119B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
KR20150135996A (ko) | 2015-12-04 |
JP2015225725A (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
CN105304869B (zh) | 2019-09-24 |
EP2950368A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6179125B2 (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
JP6536140B2 (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
JP6244679B2 (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
CN106716684B (zh) | 非水电解质蓄电元件用负极、非水电解质蓄电元件和蓄电装置 | |
JP6350150B2 (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
JP6660581B2 (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池用電極、及び非水電解質二次電池 | |
JP2014199775A (ja) | 蓄電素子及び車載用蓄電池システム | |
EP3062369B1 (en) | Energy storage device | |
JP2008252013A (ja) | リチウムイオンキャパシタ | |
KR102243458B1 (ko) | 비수 전해질 이차전지, 및, 비수 전해질 이차전지의 제조 방법 | |
US11258065B2 (en) | Energy storage device | |
JP6413347B2 (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
JP6573150B2 (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
CN110521030B (zh) | 非水电解质蓄电元件 | |
JP6848363B2 (ja) | 負極及び非水電解質蓄電素子 | |
JP2015005355A (ja) | 蓄電素子 | |
KR20150075023A (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
JP2021163707A (ja) | 非水電解質蓄電素子 | |
JP2022022761A (ja) | 電池 | |
JP2018092764A (ja) | 二次電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20170425 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20180219 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180227 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20180413 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180604 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20180904 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20180917 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6413347 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |