JP6481458B2 - 発光装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
発光装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6481458B2 JP6481458B2 JP2015065533A JP2015065533A JP6481458B2 JP 6481458 B2 JP6481458 B2 JP 6481458B2 JP 2015065533 A JP2015065533 A JP 2015065533A JP 2015065533 A JP2015065533 A JP 2015065533A JP 6481458 B2 JP6481458 B2 JP 6481458B2
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- light emitting
- bonding
- light
- emitting element
- emitting device
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Description
具体的には、ダイボンド部材として熱硬化性樹脂を含有する液状又はペースト状のダイボンド樹脂を用いる場合は、当該ダイボンド樹脂を実装基板に塗布した後、発光素子を載置し、ダイボンド樹脂を硬化させることで発光素子が実装基板に接合される。
また、ダイボンド部材として半田ペーストを用いる場合は、半田ペーストを実装基板に塗布した後、発光素子を載置し、リフロー炉によって半田を加熱溶融し、冷却して溶融したハンダを固化させることで、発光素子が実装基板に接合される。
[発光装置の構成]
実施形態に係る発光装置の構成について、図1、図2A及び図2Bを参照して説明する。なお、説明の便宜上、図2Aに示した平面図において、光反射部材6は外形を二点鎖線で、封止部材7は外形を破線でそれぞれ示し、内部を透視した状態で示している。また、図2Bにおいて、発光素子1の細部構造は省略して示しているが、上面側にn側電極13及びp側電極14を有し、下面側に基板11を有している。後記する図5B〜図6B、図8A〜図8Cに示した発光素子1についても同様である。
以下、各構成について順次に詳細に説明する。
本実施形態の発光素子1は、LEDなどの半導体発光素子を好適に用いることができる。本実施形態における発光素子1は、平面視で矩形に形成され、基板11と、半導体積層体12と、n側電極13と、p側電極14と、保護膜15とを備えて構成されている。また、本実施形態における発光素子1は、基板11の一方の主面上に、LED(発光ダイオード)構造を有する半導体積層体12を備え、更に半導体積層体12の一方の面側にn側電極13及びp側電極14とを備え、上面側を発光面として実装する実装形態に適した構造を有している。
半導体積層体12には、p型半導体層12p及び活性層12aが部分的に存在しない領域、つまりn型半導体層12nが露出した領域12bを有する。当該n型半導体層12nが露出した領域12bにはn側電極13が設けられ、n型半導体層12nと電気的に接続されている。
また、p型半導体層12pの上面の略全面には、透光性電極141が設けられ、更に透光性電極141の上面の一部にパッド電極142が設けられている。
また、発光素子1は、一方の面側にn側電極13及びp側電極14を有するものに限定されず、一方の面側にn側電極13を有し、他方の面側にp側電極14を有するものであってもよい。この場合は、発光素子1の実装面側に設けられた一方の電極が、実装基板2の上面に設けられた配線パターンと電気的に接続されるように、第1接合部材31として、導電性を有する接着剤、例えば、半田などの金属や、熱硬化性樹脂に導電性粒子を含有した異方導電性ペーストなどを用いることができる。また、発光素子1の反対側の面に設けられた他方の電極はワイヤボンディングにより配線パターンと電気的に接続することができる。
本実施形態の実装基板2は、発光素子1などの電子部品を実装するための基板であり、矩形平板状の基体21と、基体21の上面に設けられた配線パターンである正電極22、負電極23及び中継配線部24とを備えている。
負電極23は、外部電源と接続するためのパッド部23aと、発光素子1及び保護素子5とワイヤ接続するための配線部23bとを有している。また、配線部23bの近傍に、負電極であることを識別するためのカソードマークCMが設けられている。配線部23bは、右下の領域に設けられたパッド部23aから発光素子1の矩形状の配置領域の下辺及び左辺に沿って延伸するように設けられている。
中継配線部24は、正電極22と負電極23との間における配線を中継するためのものであり、発光素子1の矩形状の配置領域の右辺に沿って延伸するように設けられている。
なお、正電極22、負電極23及び中継配線部24は、図2Aに示した例に限定されず、発光素子1の配列の態様や電気的な接続の態様に応じて適宜な配線パターンとすることができる。
本実施形態においては、図2Bなどに示すように、第2接合部材32は、複数の発光素子1の間において連続して設けられている。しかし、第2接合部材32の構成はこれに限定されず、発光素子1ごとに分離していてもよい。言い換えると、各発光素子1の下方に、互いに分離した第2接合部材32が設けられていてもよい。
表1の組み合わせNo.1〜No.4に示す例は、第1接合部材31の材料である第1金属及び第2接合部材32の材料である第2金属の何れもが、半田などの、比較的低温(例えば、300℃以下程度)で溶融する融点を有する金属を組み合わせたものである。
このような金属は、加熱処理によって溶融した後、冷却されて硬化(固化)することで、発光素子1と実装基板2とを接合するものである。また、金属は、硬化後であっても、融点以上の温度に加熱されることで、再溶融して接合力を消失する。そこで、金属同士を組み合わせる場合は、第2接合部材32の金属の融点(第1の温度)が、第1接合部材31の金属の融点(第2の温度)よりも低温となるようにそれぞれの材料が選択される。これによって、第2接合部材32を硬化させる際に、第1接合部材31が再溶融せずに、接合力を維持できる温度条件で加熱処理を行うことができる。
なお、金属同士の組み合わせにおいて、硬化前の第1接合部材31及び第2接合部材32は、それぞれ第1ペースト及び第2ペーストとして、前記した金属の粒子をフラックスなどの溶剤に含有させて液状又はペースト状の状態で用いられる。
表1の組み合わせNo.4〜No.9に示す例は、第1接合部材31として、半田などの、比較的低温(好ましくは、300℃以下程度)で溶融する融点を有する金属を用い、第2接合部材32として、熱硬化性樹脂を用いるように組み合わせたものである。
第1接合部材31としては、前記した金属同士を組み合わせる場合と同様の金属を用いることができる。また、第2接合部材32としては、透光性が良好で、耐熱性、耐候性及び耐光性に優れる熱硬化性樹脂を用いることが好ましい。このような熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーン変性樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ変性樹脂、ユリア樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アクリル樹脂、又はこれらの樹脂を1種類以上含むハイブリッド樹脂などを挙げることができ、なかでも、シリコーン樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂が好ましい。このような材料の硬化温度は、約120〜180℃である。
表1の組み合わせNo.10〜No.13に示す例は、第1接合部材31及び第2接合部材32の何れもが、熱硬化性樹脂を用いるように組み合わせたものである。熱硬化性樹脂は、加熱処理することにより硬化して発光素子1と実装基板2とを接合するものであるが、硬化した熱硬化性樹脂は再加熱されても再溶融せず、接合力が維持される。従って、第1接合部材31に用いられる熱硬化性樹脂と、第2接合部材32に用いられる熱硬化性樹脂とは、硬化温度が同じでも、何れかが高くなるように組み合わせてもよい。
表1の組み合わせNo.14及びNo.15に示す例は、第1接合部材31として比較的高温(少なくとも、熱硬化性樹脂の硬化温度よりも高い)の融点を有する金属の粒子を熱硬化性樹脂に含有させた金属ペーストを用い、第2接合部材32として熱硬化性樹脂を用いるように組み合わせたものである。金属としては、例えば、AgやCuを用いることができる。第1接合部材31の接合力は、熱硬化性樹脂の硬化によるものであるが、金属の粒子を含有させることで、発光素子1から実装基板2へ良好に熱伝導されるため、発光素子1の温度上昇を抑制することができる。また、金属の粒子を含有させることで第1接合部材31に導電性を持たせ、発光素子1と実装基板2との電気的な接続を行うこともできる。
なお、第1接合部材31及び第2接合部材32に用いられる熱硬化性樹脂としては、前記した熱硬化性樹脂同士を組み合わせる場合と同様の材料を用いることができる。
本実施形態の保護素子5は、配線部22b上に半田などの導電性接着剤を用いて接合されることで、一方の電極が電気的に接続されている。また、保護素子5の他方の電極は、ワイヤ4を用いて配線部23bと電気的に接続されている。
封止部材7の材料としては、良好な透光性、耐候性及び耐光性を有するものが好ましく、例えば、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ユリア樹脂などを好適に用いることができる。また、このような樹脂材料に、適宜に、波長変換物質(蛍光体)、着色剤、光拡散性物質、その他のフィラーを含有させてもよい。また、封止部材7の表面を盛り上がらせて砲弾型形状や凸レンズ形状として、封止部材7にレンズ機能をもたせるようにしてもよい。
次に、本実施形態の発光装置100の動作について、図2A〜図3を参照して説明する。
実装基板2の正電極22及び負電極23に外部電源を接続することで、ワイヤ4及び中継配線部24を介して各発光素子1に電力が供給されて発光する。発光素子1から上方に出射される光は、封止部材7を通って上面から外部に取り出される。また、発光素子1から横方向に出射される光は、光反射部材6の側面で反射されて、封止部材7を介して上面から外部に取り出される。また、発光素子1から下方に出射される光は、第1接合部材31、第2接合部材32又は基体21によって反射され、封止部材7を介して上面から外部に取り出される。
また、各発光素子1は、第1接合部材31によって良好な精度で位置決めされて実装基板2と接合されているため、発光装置100は良好な配光特性を得ることができる。
次に、本実施形態に係る発光装置の製造方法について、図4〜図8Cを参照して説明する。本実施形態に係る発光装置の製造方法は、発光素子準備工程S101と、実装基板準備工程S102と、第1接合工程S103と、第2接合工程S104と、配線工程S105と、光反射部材形成工程S106と、封止工程S107とが含まれている。
また、第1接合工程S103は、第1接合部材配置工程S103aと、発光素子載置工程S103bと、第1接合部材硬化工程S103cとを含んでいる。第2接合工程S104は、第2接合部材配置工程S104aと、第2接合部材硬化工程S104bとを含んでいる。
なお、基板11の底面に金属材料との接合性を高める金属膜を設ける工程を有してもよい。
なお、発光素子準備工程S101と実装基板準備工程S102とは、何れの工程を先に行ってもよく、並行して行うようにしてもよい。また、本明細書において、準備工程とは、発光素子1又は実装基板2を前記したような方法で製造することに限定されず、購入などにより入手することも含むものである。
なお、冷却は冷却装置を用いてもよく、室温下に放置する放冷であってもよい。
なお、この工程において、熱硬化性樹脂を本硬化させる条件の温度及び加熱時間で行い、第1接合部材31を本硬化させてもよい。
なお、ここで適量とは、第2接合部材32が、発光素子1の外縁部を全周に亘って広がることができる量をいうものである。
表1に示した組み合わせNo.1〜No.3のように、第1接合部材31が加熱処理により溶融する金属である場合は、第2接合部材32として用いられる金属は、第1接合部材31として用いられる金属よりも低い融点の材料が用いられる。従って、第2接合部材硬化工程S104bの加熱処理は、第2接合部材32の金属が溶融可能で、第1接合部材31の金属が溶融しない温度で行われる。これによって、第1接合部材31による接合力が維持され、発光素子1が剥がれたり位置ズレしたりすることなく、第2接合部材32によって、発光素子1と実装基板2とを強固に接合することができる。
光反射部材6は、前記した樹脂材料などを、例えばディスペンサを用いて供給することで形成することができる。また、光反射部材6は、例えば、シルクスクリーン法やインクジェット法などの印刷法を用いて形成することもできる。
以上説明した手順により、本実施形態の発光装置100を製造することができる。
1a 個別配置領域
11 基板
12 半導体積層体
12n n型半導体層
12a 活性層
12p p型半導体層
12b n型半導体層12nの露出領域
13 n側電極
14 p側電極
141 透光性電極
142 パッド電極
142a 外部接続部
142b 延伸部
15 保護膜
15n 開口部
15p 開口部
2 実装基板
21 基体
22 正電極
22a パッド部
22b 配線部
23 負電極
23a パッド部
23b 配線部
24 中継配線部
3 接合部材
31 第1接合部材
32 第2接合部材
4 ワイヤ
5 保護素子
6 光反射部材
7 封止部材
100 発光装置
201 加熱装置
CM カソードマーク
Claims (14)
- 実装基板と、前記実装基板上に接合され、上面に電極を有する複数の発光素子と、を備える発光装置の製造方法であって、
前記実装基板の上面に液状又はペースト状の第1接合部材を複数配置し、複数の前記発光素子の実装面が複数の前記第1接合部材を介して前記実装基板と対向するように載置し、複数の前記第1接合部材を硬化させ、平面視で、複数の前記第1接合部材の個々が複数の前記発光素子の個々の実装面に内包される領域に設けられて複数の前記発光素子と前記実装基板とを接合する第1接合工程と、
平面視で、前記実装基板の上面の、少なくとも複数の前記発光素子の実装面の外縁部の一部に、液状又はペースト状の複数の第2接合部材を配置し、複数の前記発光素子の外周及び前記発光素子同士の間を前記第2接合部材で埋めて、前記第2接合部材を硬化させる第2接合工程と、を含む発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第2接合工程は、平面視で、前記実装基板の上面の、少なくとも複数の前記発光素子の実装面の外縁部の一部に、複数の前記第2接合部材を配置し、前記第2接合部材の重力及び毛細管現象によって、複数の前記発光素子の外周及び前記発光素子同士の間を前記第2接合部材で埋めて、前記第2接合部材を硬化させる請求項1に記載の発光装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2接合工程は、平面視で、前記実装基板の上面の、少なくとも複数の前記発光素子の実装面の外縁部の一部に、複数の前記第2接合部材を減圧下で配置することによって、複数の前記発光素子の外周及び前記発光素子同士の間を前記第2接合部材で埋める請求項1に記載の発光装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1接合工程及び前記第2接合工程は、何れも加熱することが含まれる請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1接合部材は、硬化前において、第1の温度を融点とする第1金属の粒子を含有する第1ペーストであり、
前記第2接合部材は、硬化前において、前記第1の温度よりも低い第2の温度を融点とする第2金属の粒子を含有する第2ペーストであり、
前記第2接合工程において、前記第2接合部材の硬化は、前記第2の温度より高温で、かつ、前記第1の温度より低温に加熱する請求項4に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1接合部材は、硬化前において、第1の温度を融点とする金属の粒子を含有するペーストであり、
前記第2接合部材は、熱硬化性樹脂を含有し、
前記第2接合工程において、前記第2接合部材の硬化は、前記第1の温度よりも低い温度に加熱する請求項4に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1接合部材及び前記第2接合部材は、何れも熱硬化性樹脂を含有し、
前記第1接合工程における前記第1接合部材の硬化及び前記第2接合工程における前記第2接合部材の硬化は、何れも加熱して前記熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させることにより行われる請求項4に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1接合工程において、前記第1接合部材に含有される熱硬化性樹脂を仮硬化可能な温度以上で加熱し、
前記第2接合工程において、前記第2接合部材に含有される熱硬化性樹脂を本硬化可能な温度以上で加熱する請求項7に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1接合部材は、金属の粒子及び熱硬化性樹脂を含有し、
前記第1接合工程において、前記第1接合部材に含有される前記熱硬化性樹脂を硬化させる請求項7又は請求項8に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1金属及び前記第2金属は、それぞれ、AuSn系半田、SnCu系半田から選択される請求項5に記載の発光装置の製造方法。
- 前記金属は、AuSn系半田、SnCu系半田から選択され、
前記熱硬化性樹脂は、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂から選択される請求項6に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1接合部材に含有される前記熱硬化性樹脂及び前記第2接合部材に含有される前記熱硬化性樹脂は、それぞれ、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂から選択される請求項7に記載の発光装置の製造方法。
- 前記金属は、Ag、Cuから選択され、
前記第1接合部材に含有される前記熱硬化性樹脂及び第2接合部材に含有される前記熱硬化性樹脂は、それぞれ、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂から選択される請求項9に記載の発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記熱硬化性樹脂は、光反射性物質の粒子を含有する請求項6乃至請求項9のいずれか一項、又は、請求項11乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置の製造方法。
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