JP6451481B2 - 誘電体膜および誘電体素子 - Google Patents
誘電体膜および誘電体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6451481B2 JP6451481B2 JP2015094760A JP2015094760A JP6451481B2 JP 6451481 B2 JP6451481 B2 JP 6451481B2 JP 2015094760 A JP2015094760 A JP 2015094760A JP 2015094760 A JP2015094760 A JP 2015094760A JP 6451481 B2 JP6451481 B2 JP 6451481B2
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- dielectric film
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 144
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disilicide Chemical compound [Si]#[W]#[Si] WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021342 tungsten silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は本発明の誘電体素子として好ましい実施形態に係る薄膜コンデンサ10の断面図である。図1に示されるように、本実施形態にかかる薄膜コンデンサ10は、下地電極1上に、上部電極構造体3と、下地電極1および上部電極構造体3の間に設けられた誘電体膜2とを備えている。薄膜コンデンサ10の形状は特に限定されず、所望の大きさとすればよい。
下地電極1は、卑金属又は貴金属であればよいが、好ましくはCu、Niであり、特に好ましくはNiである。Niは貴金属より安価である点において好適である。下地電極1を構成するNiの純度は高いほど好ましく、99.99質量%以上であることが好ましい。
図2は、本実施形態の誘電体膜2を透過電子顕微鏡により観察した本発明の誘電体膜の断面を表した図である。本発明の誘電体膜は、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜であることを特徴とする。
本実施の形態において、薄膜コンデンサ10は、誘電体膜2の表面に、薄膜コンデンサの他方の電極として機能する上部電極構造体3を備えている。上部電極構造体3を形成するための材料は、導電性を有していれば、とくに限定されるものではなく、下地電極1と同様な材料によって、上部電極構造体3を形成することができる。さらに、前記上部電極構造体3である電極薄膜については、室温で形成することができるため、鉄(Fe)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)などの卑金属や、珪化タングステン(WSi2)、珪化モリブデン(MoSi2)などの合金を用いて、上部電極構造体の薄膜を形成することもできる。上部電極構造体3の厚さは、薄膜コンデンサの他方の電極として機能することができれば、とくに限定されるものではなく、たとえば、10nm〜10000nmに設定することができる。
下地電極として、厚み50μmのNi板を準備した。Ni板の寸法は、縦10mm×横10mmとした。
比誘電率は、薄膜コンデンサ試料に対し、基準温度25℃において、デジタルLCRメータ(YHP社製4274A)にて、周波数1kHz,入力信号レベル(測定電圧)400mVrmsの条件下で測定された静電容量から算出した(単位なし)。比誘電率は高いほうが好ましく、本実施例では、1000以上を良好とした。
薄膜コンデンサ試料に対し、基準温度25℃において、デジタルLCRメータ(YHP社製4274A)にて、周波数1kHz,入力信号レベル(測定電圧)400mVrmsの条件下で、直流電圧400mVを印加して測定された静電容量の比誘電率が700以上を良好とし、前記比誘電率が800以上をさらに良好とした。
薄膜コンデンサ試料に対し、直流電圧を400mV、30秒間印加した際の抵抗値を測定した。本実施例では、上記の評価を10個の試料について行い、抵抗値の平均値が10MΩ以上の試料を良好であると判断した。
作製後の誘電体膜の組成は、蛍光X線分析(X−ray fluorencence Analysis:XRF)を使用してすべての試料について測定を行い、表1〜表5に記載の組成であることを確認した。
薄膜断面を透過電子顕微鏡による観察にて、柱状の結晶粒子および球状の結晶粒子の確認を行った。
得られた試料を基板に垂直な面で切断した。断面の任意の柱状の結晶粒子20粒子を選択し、元素分析機器(EDS)を付設した走査透過型電子顕微鏡(STEM)により前記各粒子の外接円の中心を通る任意の方向の直線を引き、粒子内を直線に沿って10nm間隔で点分析を行い、副成分の含有量を取得し、その平均値をAc(mol%)とした。任意の球状の結晶粒子20粒子についても同様の分析を行い、平均値をAg(mol%)とした。これらの値からAg/Acを算出した。
比較例1のサンプルの誘電体膜形成条件は、基板温度:400℃、雰囲気:アルゴン(Ar)/酸素(O2)=3/1、圧力:1Pa、高周波電力:200W、成膜レート:70nm/時間とし、トータルの前記誘電体膜の厚みは400nmとした。
比較例2のサンプルの誘電体膜形成条件は、基板温度:400℃、雰囲気:アルゴン(Ar)/酸素(O2)=3/1、圧力:0.1Pa、高周波電力:100W、成膜レート:150nm/時間とし、トータルの前記誘電体膜の厚みは400nmとした。
まず、実施例1と同様のターゲット作製方法でPLD用ターゲットを作製した。なお、ターゲット中のBaO、CaO、TiO2およびZrO2と、副成分の組成比は、表3に示す誘電体膜の組成が得られるように原料粉を調整した。
まず、実施例1と同様の方法で、スパッタリング用のターゲットを固相法にて作製した。なお、ターゲット中のBaO、CaO、TiO2およびZrO2と、副成分の組成比は、表5に示す誘電体膜の組成が得られるように原料粉を調整した。
まず、実施例1と同様の方法で、スパッタリング用のターゲットを固相法にて作製した。なお、ターゲット中のBaO、CaO、TiO2およびZrO2と、副成分の組成比は、表5に示す誘電体膜の組成が得られるように原料粉を調整した。
表1〜表3に示すように、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜は、比誘電率が1000以上を示しつつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率700以上であることが確認できた。
表1に示すように、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜であっても、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを有していない誘電体膜は、直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率を得られなかった。
表3より、薄膜形成法に関係なく、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜は、直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率が確認できた。
表1、表3に示すように、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜かつ、前記副成分が、Mn、Cu、Cr、Al、Ga、Inおよび希土類元素のうち少なくとも1種以上である場合には、直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率が確認できた。
表1、表4に示すように、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜かつ、前記副成分が、Mn、Cu、Cr、Al、Ga、Inおよび希土類元素のうち少なくとも1種以上であり、前記副成分が、前記主成分100molに対し、0.01mol〜7.00mol含まれている誘電体膜である場合は、さらに直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率が確認できた。
表1、表3、表5に示すように、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜かつ、前記副成分が、Mn、Cu、Cr、Al、Ga、Inおよび希土類元素のうち少なくとも1種以上であり、前記副成分が、前記主成分100molに対し、0.01mol〜7.00mol含まれており、前記柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層に含まれる副成分の含有量をAc(mol%)とし、前記球状の結晶粒子を含有する層に含まれる副成分の含有量をAg(mol%)としたとき、AcとAgの関係が1.1≦Ag/Ac≦1.4である誘電体膜である場合は、さらに直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても、さらに高い比誘電率を有するが確認できた。
表1〜表3に示すように、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜であっても、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜でない場合には直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率は得られなかった。
表3に示すように、主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜であっても、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む誘電体膜でない場合には直流電圧の印加の有無における比誘電率の差が小さく、かつ、直流電圧を印加しても高い比誘電率は得られなかった。
2・・・ 誘電体膜
3・・・ 上部電極構造体
10・・・ 薄膜コンデンサ
a・・・誘電体膜の厚み方向に対して垂直方向の柱状の結晶粒子に関する粒界長さ
b・・・誘電体膜の厚み方向に対して水平方向の柱状の結晶粒子に関する粒界長さ
c・・・球状の結晶粒子の最大長径
d・・・球状の結晶粒子の最大長径に直行する径
Claims (5)
- 主成分が一般式(Ba1−xCax)z(Ti1−yZry)O3で表され、前記一般式で、0<x≦0.500、0<y≦0.350かつ、0.900≦z≦0.995で表わされる誘電体膜であって、前記誘電体膜は、柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層と、球状の結晶粒子を含有する層とを備え、前記誘電体膜には、副成分として2価金属元素および3価金属元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含むことを特徴とする誘電体膜。
- 前記副成分が、Mn、Cu、Cr、Al、Ga、Inおよび希土類元素のうち少なくとも1種以上を含む請求項1に記載の誘電体膜。
- 前記副成分が、前記主成分100molに対し、0.01mol〜7.00mol含まれていること特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の誘電体膜。
- 前記柱状の結晶粒子を含有する層に含まれる副成分の含有量をAc(mol%)とし、前記球状の結晶粒子を含有する層に含まれる副成分の含有量をAg(mol%)としたとき、前記AcとAgとの関係が1.01≦Ag/Ac≦1.4である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の誘電体膜。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の誘電体膜と、電極とを有する誘電体素子。
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