JP6326251B2 - 発光材料及びそれを用いた有機el素子 - Google Patents
発光材料及びそれを用いた有機el素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6326251B2 JP6326251B2 JP2014049324A JP2014049324A JP6326251B2 JP 6326251 B2 JP6326251 B2 JP 6326251B2 JP 2014049324 A JP2014049324 A JP 2014049324A JP 2014049324 A JP2014049324 A JP 2014049324A JP 6326251 B2 JP6326251 B2 JP 6326251B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 158
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 104
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 R 13 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 95
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 52
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 42
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 25
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanopyridine Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=N1 FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- FHVATNRRDOWTPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromopyridine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CN=CC(Br)=C1C#N FHVATNRRDOWTPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 6
- LTBWKAYPXIIVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3NC2=C1 LTBWKAYPXIIVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ATTVYRDSOVWELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diphenylphosphoryl-2-(2-diphenylphosphorylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATTVYRDSOVWELU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWQMJXZUGBNSOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-thieno[2,3-g]indole Chemical group C1=C2SC=CC2=C2NC=CC2=C1 KWQMJXZUGBNSOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRWATGACIORDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,6-tetra(carbazol-9-yl)benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=C(C#N)C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=C1C#N PRWATGACIORDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUFMGPPHXSEPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-di(carbazol-9-yl)pyridine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=C(C#N)C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CN=C1 SUFMGPPHXSEPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BISIQSCKDZYPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(OC)=CC=C3NC2=C1 BISIQSCKDZYPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical group N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APYLNYCULQUSLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-carbazole-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(C#N)=CC=C3NC2=C1 APYLNYCULQUSLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical group N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005035 acylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical group C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical class [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C#N XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-carboline Chemical group N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZKOMUDCMCEDTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=N1 OZKOMUDCMCEDTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBKKZVRZMEYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-phenanthroline Chemical group N1=CC=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 HBBKKZVRZMEYOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJCSVUVYIMRJCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-phenanthroline Chemical group C1=NC=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 AJCSVUVYIMRJCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLNPUFYORKTKRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diphenylphosphoryl-4-(4-diphenylphosphorylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLNPUFYORKTKRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRSRUYVJULRMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylanthracene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12 BRSRUYVJULRMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAQTWLBJPNLKHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-perimidine Chemical group N1C=NC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C32 AAQTWLBJPNLKHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical group OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVWPVABZQQJTPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical class O=C1C=CC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MVWPVABZQQJTPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHTLVASIXCFOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-phenanthroline Chemical group C1=NC=C2C3=CC=CN=C3C=CC2=C1 CHTLVASIXCFOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRZWQEBDHIAHDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-phenanthroline Chemical group C1=NC=CC2=C(C=NC=C3)C3=CC=C21 XRZWQEBDHIAHDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFOIBEJBQITLOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CN=CC2=C(C=NC=C3)C3=CC=C21 CFOIBEJBQITLOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=N1 IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLTQJJLFTXOYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-phenanthroline Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CN=C3C=CC2=C1 HLTQJJLFTXOYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWSBZLMSDYTUAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,8-phenanthroline Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C(C=CN=C3)=C3C=CC2=C1 SWSBZLMSDYTUAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CN=C1 NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQZYDMBBLIDZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridin-2-yl-9h-carbazole Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(NC=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 FQZYDMBBLIDZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPZMVUQGXAOJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromopyridine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.BrC1=CC=NC=C1 MPZMVUQGXAOJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTUJKAYZIMMJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-yl-2-methylphenyl)-3-methylphenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C)C(C)=C1 LTUJKAYZIMMJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYASLTYCYTYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methylidenefluorene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZYASLTYCYTYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDALETGZDYOOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acridone Chemical group C1=C(O)C=C2N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1O GDALETGZDYOOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chalcone Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQNRONIEPIFMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CC(=CC=C1)C=1C=CC=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1 Chemical compound N1=CC(=CC=C1)C=1C=CC=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1 QQNRONIEPIFMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHLKYDKUOWRLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1C=CC=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1 Chemical compound N1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1C=CC=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1 YHLKYDKUOWRLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- FZEYVTFCMJSGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 FZEYVTFCMJSGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008425 anthrones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940027991 antiseptic and disinfectant quinoline derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005135 aryl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008359 benzonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrrole Natural products C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005874 benzothiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005513 chalcones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].Cl[Pd]Cl.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003387 indolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-2-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=C1 BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical group [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical class N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000005838 radical anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRDYSYOERSZTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenocyanic acid Chemical group [SeH]C#N CRDYSYOERSZTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/20—Delayed fluorescence emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
まず、本発明の発光材料について説明する。本発明の発光材料は、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物からなる。
次に、有機EL素子について説明する。有機EL素子は、陽極および陰極からなる一対の電極間に有機層を備え、有機層のうち少なくとも1層は発光層である。本発明の発光材料は、有機EL素子の発光材料として有用であり、発光層の材料として効果的に用いることができる。上記一般式(I)で表される化合物の中には、遅延蛍光を放射する遅延蛍光材料(遅延蛍光体)が含まれている。遅延蛍光材料を発光材料として用いた有機EL素子は、遅延蛍光を放射し、以下に説明する原理によって、高い発光効率を有する。
有機EL素子においては、陽極および陰極から発光材料にキャリア(正孔および電子)が注入されると、キャリア再結合により発光材料が励起状態に遷移され、励起子が基底状態へ遷移する際に光が放射される。スピン統計則により、励起子の25%は一重項励起状態(S1)、残り75%は三重項励起状態(T1)となる。従って、原理上は、三重項励起状態からの発光である燐光を利用する方が、内部量子収率は高くなる。しかし、三重項励起状態は寿命が長いため、励起状態の飽和や他の励起子との相互作用によるエネルギー失活が生じやすく、一般に燐光の内部量子収率は高くないことが多い。
図1は、一実施形態にかかる有機EL素子の構成を表す模式断面図である。この素子は、基板1上に、陽極2及び陰極4を備え、これら一対の電極間に有機層3を備える。有機層3は、少なくとも1つの発光層を有する。有機層3は発光層のみからなるものでもよく、発光層の他に1層以上の有機層を有するものでもよい。
有機EL素子は、基板1上に、一対の電極2,4および有機層3を有することが好ましい。基板の材料は特に限定されず、例えば、ガラスのような透明基板、シリコン基板、フレキシブルなフィルム基板等から適宜選択される。基板側から光を取り出すボトムエミッション型の有機EL素子の場合、基板は、光取り出し効率を高める観点から、可視光域における透過率が80%以上であることが好ましく、90%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
陽極の材料は特に制限されないが、仕事関数の大きい(例えば4eV以上)金属、合金、金属酸化物電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物が好ましく用いられる。陽極の材料の具体例としては、Au等の金属の薄膜、インジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)、インジウム・亜鉛酸化物(IZO)、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫等の金属酸化物等が挙げられる。中でも、発光層から発生した光の取り出し効率の向上や、パターニングの容易性の観点から、透明性の高い金属酸化物であるITOあるいはIZOが好ましく用いられる。陽極を構成する金属酸化物中には、必要に応じて、アルミニウム、ガリウム、ケイ素、ホウ素、二オブ等のドーパントが含まれていてもよい。
陰極の材料は特に制限されないが、仕事関数の小さい(例えば4eV以下)金属、合金、金属酸化物、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物が好ましく用いられる。仕事関数の小さい金属の例としては、アルカリ金属ではLi、アルカリ土類金属ではMg、Caが挙げられる。また、希土類金属等からなる金属単体、あるいは、これらの金属とAl、In、Ag等の合金を用いることもできる。また、特開2001−102175号公報等に開示されているように、陰極に接する有機層として、アルカリ土類金属イオンおよびアルカリ金属イオンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む金属錯体化合物を用いることもできる。この場合、陰極として、当該錯体化合物中の金属イオンを真空中で金属に還元し得る金属、例えばAl、Zr、Ti、Si等もしくはこれらの金属を含有する合金を用いることが好ましい。
発光層は、陽極および陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔および電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層である。本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層に、上記一般式(I)で表される化合物からなる発光材料を1種または2種以上含む。本発明の有機EL素子は、上記の発光材料を単独で発光層に用いたものであってもよいが、発光層がドーパント材料とホスト材料を含み、ドーパント材料として上記の発光材料を用いたものが好ましい。発光層が、ドーパント材料とホスト材料とを含む場合、発光材料(ドーパント材料)で生成した一重項励起子および三重項励起子を、発光材料中に閉じ込めることができるため、発光効率が高められる傾向がある。
有機層3は、発光層33の陽極2側に、正孔注入層31や正孔輸送層32を有することが好ましい。正孔輸送材料は、正孔の注入または輸送、あるいは電子障壁性のいずれかを有するものであり、有機物、無機物のいずれであってもよい。
有機層3は、発光層33の陰極4側に、電子注入層35や電子輸送層34を有することが好ましい。電子輸送材料は、電子の注入または輸送、あるいは正孔障壁性のいずれかを有するものであり、有機物、無機物のいずれであってもよい。
発光層中に存在する正孔や電子、あるいは励起子の発光層外への拡散を阻止する目的で、阻止層を設けることもできる。電子阻止層は、発光層と正孔輸送層の間に配置され、電子が発光層を通過して正孔輸送側層側に拡散することを阻止する。正孔阻止層は、発光層と電子輸送層の間に配置され、正孔が発光層を通過して電子輸送側層側に拡散することを阻止する。正孔阻止層には、前述の電子輸送層と同様の材料を用いることができる。電子阻止層には、前述の正孔輸送層と同様の材料を用いることができる。
電極および有機層の形成方法は特に制限されず、スパッタ法、CVD法、真空蒸着法等のドライプロセスや、スピンコート法、各種印刷法等のウェットプロセスが適宜に採用される。ホスト材料とドーパント材料を含有する発光層は、例えば、ホスト材料とドーパント材料を共蒸着することにより形成できる。この際、ホスト材料とドーパント材料をあらかじめ混合しておいてもよい。
実施例1では、合成例1〜6で得られた化合物1〜6のトルエン溶液を調製して、窒素を約30分バブリングした後、300Kで蛍光スペクトルを測定した。化合物1〜6のトルエン溶液中での発光スペクトルを図2に示す。図2において、発光強度は、ピーク波長における強度の値で規格化されている。
化合物1〜5をドーパント材料として、ドーパント材料:ホスト材料=94:6の重量比で、石英基板上に真空蒸着により製膜を行い、測定用試料を作製した。ホスト材料としては、ビス(2−(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェニル)エーテルオキシド(DPEPO)を用いた。ただし、化合物5についてのみ、N,N−ジカルバゾリル−3,5−ベンゼン(mCP)をホスト材料として用いた。上記の測定試料を用い、蛍光スペクトル、内部量子収率および蛍光寿命を測定した。なお、内部量子収率の測定に際しては、測定装置内に窒素をフローしながら、窒素雰囲気下で測定を行った。測定結果を表2に示す。また、化合物1および化合物4をドーパント材料として用いた試料の蛍光の時間分解スペクトルを、それぞれ図4(A)および図4(B)に示す。
Claims (9)
- 前記一般式(II)で表される化合物のピリジン環に結合した水素原子の1H−NMRの化学シフトが、9.12ppm以上である、請求項1に記載の発光材料。
- 前記R11およびR19が電子求引性基であり、前記R14およびR22が水素原子または電子求引性基であり、前記R9,R10,R12,R13,R15,R16,R17,R18,R20,R21,R23およびR24がいずれも水素原子である、請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- 前記R11およびR19がシアノ基である、請求項3に記載の発光材料。
- 前記R11およびR19が、2‐ピリジル基、3‐ピリジル基、および4‐ピリジル基からなる群から選択されるヘテロアリール基である、請求項3に記載の発光材料。
- 一対の電極間に発光層を備え、
前記発光層に、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料を含む、有機EL素子。 - 前記発光層は、ドーパント材料とホスト材料を含み、前記ドーパント材料が前記発光材料である、請求項6に記載の有機EL素子。
- 請求項6または7に記載の有機EL素子を備える照明器具。
- 請求項6または7に記載の有機EL素子を備えるディスプレイ装置。
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