JP6321384B2 - Agricultural and horticultural facilities with solar power generation system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural facility. More specifically, the present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural facility equipped with a solar power generation system that allows light necessary for growth of agricultural and horticultural crops to pass therethrough and efficiently use the remaining light for solar power generation.

In recent years, photovoltaic power generation has attracted attention as a new energy source to replace fossil fuels such as oil and nuclear power, and the installation of photovoltaic power generation systems on the roofs of houses and agricultural and horticultural houses is progressing. When installing a solar power generation system on the roof of an agricultural or horticultural house or on a pedestal installed in farmland, the sunlight that has a daylighting part is used to bring the light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops into the facility. A power generation system is used.

However, even if it has a daylighting part, there is a problem that the light quantity received by the agricultural and horticultural crops varies depending on the place because the shadows are caused by places other than the daylighting part, and the growth state tends to vary. Moreover, in order to solve this problem, the array of the photovoltaic power generation system is installed at a very high position, but the maintenance workability of the system and the safety during the maintenance work are reduced; A new problem has arisen;

As a solar power generation system having a daylighting part used for agricultural and horticultural facilities, etc., it is known to use a double-sided power generation type, “a building having a daylighting part and configured to daylight sunlight inside. A thin and light solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cells are juxtaposed and covered with a transparent synthetic resin or a plurality of the thin and light solar cell modules is arranged immediately below the daylighting portion. The solar cell array having the above structure is provided, and the daylighting into the building is performed between the solar cells of the solar cell module and / or between the solar cell modules of the solar cell array. In the solar power generation system with a light-shielding / dimming function, characterized in that, and in the above-described system, The solar cell module is a solar power generation system with a light-shielding / dimming function, characterized in that it can generate power from sunlight reflected and scattered indoors in addition to sunlight incident from the outside. " Patent Document 1). However, there is no description or suggestion about a method for solving the problem of variation in the growth state of agricultural and horticultural crops because shadows are caused by portions other than the daylighting portion. In addition, even during the cold season, the temperature inside the house rises greatly by introducing light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops into the house during sunny days. In the case of agricultural and horticultural crops, such as strawberries and lettuce, which tend to be hindered by raising the temperature, there is no description or suggestion about a method for solving the problem of requiring cooling.

JP 2002-026357 A

The problem of the present invention is that even if an array of a solar power generation system having a daylighting portion is installed at an arbitrarily low position, the amount of light received by agricultural and horticultural crops is constant regardless of the location, and the variation in the growth state is reduced. It is to provide an agricultural and horticultural facility equipped with a solar power generation system capable of generating energy. A further problem of the present invention is that light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops is transmitted while the remaining light is efficiently used for solar power generation to suppress an increase in temperature inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities. The purpose is to provide a farming and horticultural facility equipped with a solar power generation system that can be used.

As a result of earnest research, the inventor makes light transmitted through a daylighting part of a solar power generation system having a daylighting part incident on a light diffusing member, and causes the transmitted diffused light to enter the inside of an agricultural or horticultural facility. Thus, it has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be achieved.

That is, the present invention is an agricultural and horticultural facility,
(A) A solar power generation system having a daylighting portion is provided in at least a part of a portion where sunlight directly shines;
(B) The light diffusing member is such that at least a part of the light transmitted through the daylighting part of the solar power generation system is incident, and at least a part of the light transmitted through the light diffusing member is inside the facility. To be incident on the
It is an agricultural and horticultural facility characterized by

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a solar power generation system having the daylighting portion further includes a double-sided power generation type module and an infrared reflecting member, and the infrared reflecting member is
(C) Infrared reflectance is 30% or more; and
(D) Visible light transmittance is 50% or more;
And
(E) At least a part of the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system is configured to be incident on the infrared reflecting member;
(F) At least a part of infrared rays reflected by the infrared reflecting member is configured to be incident on the double-sided power generation type module;
An agricultural and horticultural facility according to the first invention, characterized in that

A third invention is characterized in that at least a part of visible light incident on the inside of an agricultural and horticultural facility is further transmitted through a medium containing a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and then incident on the inside of the facility. The facility for agricultural and horticultural use described in the first invention or the second invention.

Agricultural and horticultural facilities equipped with the solar power generation system of the present invention have a constant amount of light received by agricultural and horticultural crops regardless of location, even if an array of solar power generation systems having a daylighting portion is installed at an arbitrarily low position. The variation in the growth state can be reduced. In the second and third inventions of the present invention, light unnecessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops can be efficiently used for solar power generation, and the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities is suppressed. can do. Therefore, it can be suitably used for cultivation of crops that are vulnerable to high temperatures such as strawberries and lettuce.

The agricultural and horticultural facility according to the present invention is characterized in that (A) a solar power generation system having a daylighting portion is provided in at least a part of a portion where sunlight directly shines.

In this specification, “agricultural and horticultural facilities” is a term including not only agricultural and horticultural houses but also facilities in which a photovoltaic power generation system is installed on a pedestal installed on farmland. “Agricultural and horticultural facilities” means the interior of the house for agricultural and horticultural houses, and under the solar power generation system for facilities with a solar power generation system installed on a stand installed on farmland. Is a place.

The agricultural and horticultural facilities of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The light 4 transmitted through the daylighting portion 1 of the solar power generation system is incident on the light diffusing member 3, and the diffused light 5 is incident on the inside of the agricultural and horticultural facility. Since the solar power generation system is provided in at least a part of the direct sunlight of the agricultural and horticultural facilities, power generation is efficiently performed by the light 6 incident on the surface of the solar cell module.

The daylighting part of the solar power generation system is a gap provided between the power generation element and the power generation element. The method of providing the gap is not limited and is arbitrary. For example, a type with a gap between solar cells, a type with a gap between cells of a solar cell module, a type with a gap between modules of a solar cell array, a solar cell array, The type which provided the clearance gap between solar cell arrays, the type which combined these arbitrarily, etc. can be mention | raise | lifted. The shape of the gap is also arbitrary. For example, a continuous or / and independent gap such as a straight line, a curved line, a circle, a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon can be provided.

In addition, in this specification, a photovoltaic cell is a solar cell element itself, and becomes a basic unit of a solar cell. A solar cell module is a device in which a plurality of solar cells are arranged and wired and protected and packaged with tempered glass or the like. A solar cell array is a unit in which a plurality of solar cell modules are arranged and wired, and is a unit for installing power generation elements of a solar power generation system. The solar power generation system includes an array, a control system, and the like.

The total light transmittance of the daylighting part of the solar power generation system is usually 50% or more. From the viewpoint of growth of agricultural and horticultural crops and power generation efficiency, the total light transmittance of the daylighting portion is preferably as high as possible, and preferably 70% or more.

The ratio of the area of the daylighting part of the solar power generation system to the total sunlight receiving area of the solar power generation system is not particularly limited, and the total light transmittance of the daylighting part and the crops grown in the agricultural and horticultural facilities are not limited. It can be decided arbitrarily considering the type. For example, when cultivating crops that are vulnerable to high temperatures such as strawberries and lettuce, it is preferable to reduce the ratio in order to increase the light-shielding effect.

The solar power generation system used for the agricultural and horticultural facilities of the present invention is not limited except that it has a daylighting portion, and any system can be used, but the solar cell module is reflected by the light diffusing member. It is preferable to use a double-sided power generation type so that light incident on the back surface of the surface can be used for power generation.

In the agricultural and horticultural facility of the present invention, (B) the light diffusing member is transmitted through the light diffusing member so that at least part of the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system is incident. At least a part of the light is provided so as to be incident on the inside of the facility.

Even if the solar power generation system has a daylighting part, shadows are produced by places other than the daylighting part, so the amount of light received by the agricultural and horticultural crops varies depending on the place. The position dependency of the amount of light can be reduced by sufficiently increasing the distance from the daylighting part of the photovoltaic system, but for this purpose, the array of photovoltaic systems must be installed at a very high position. Will not be. Then, the maintenance of the system becomes a work at a high place, and its workability and safety are low. Also, because of the high location, there is a problem that the system is easily damaged by strong winds. Therefore, in the present invention, the light transmitted through the daylighting part is incident on the light diffusing member, and the transmitted diffused light is incident on the inside of the agricultural and horticultural facilities, thereby installing the solar cell system array at an arbitrarily low position Even so, the position dependency of the amount of light is reduced, the amount of light received by the agricultural and horticultural crops is constant regardless of the location, and the variation in the growth state can be reduced.

In the agricultural and horticultural facilities of the present invention, the array of the photovoltaic power generation system can be installed at an arbitrarily low position, but the actual installation height is usually the growth of crops cultivated in the agricultural and horticultural facilities. It is preferable to decide in consideration of the height that does not hinder the farm workability inside the facility

The light diffusing member is not limited as long as sufficient light diffusibility is obtained and the total light transmittance is high, and any member can be used. For example, a member made of a resin composition in which a light diffusing agent is dispersed in a matrix made of a transparent resin can be mentioned.

Examples of the transparent resin include polymethacrylate resins, polystyrene resins and polycarbonate resins.

Examples of the light diffusing agent include inorganic fine particles such as crystalline silica, amorphous silica, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, and titanium oxide; inorganic fibers such as glass fibers; crosslinked acrylic particles, and crosslinked silicon And fine particles of crosslinked resin such as particles and crosslinked styrene-based particles.

The shape of the light diffusing member is arbitrary. Usually, a sheet-like material can be preferably used, but is not limited thereto.

As shown in FIG. 2, the light diffusibility of the light diffusing member is such that when the light beam is incident on the surface of the light diffusing member 3 from the light source 7 at an incident angle of 0 °, the amount of transmitted light (emitted light) is , And can be evaluated as an angle θ that is a half value of 0 °. The larger the angle θ, the better the light diffusibility. The light diffusibility of the light diffusing member is preferably as large as possible within a range where the total light transmittance can be kept high. When a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used and the solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 380 to 780 nanometers is measured as measurement light, the angle θ is preferably 20 °. More preferably, it is 23 ° or more.

The total light transmittance of the light diffusing member is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. A higher total light transmittance is preferable.

In this specification, the total light transmittance is a value measured using a turbidimeter “NDH2000” (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. according to JIS K 7361-1: 1997.

The second invention of the present invention will be described below. According to a second aspect of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation system having the daylighting portion further includes a double-sided power generation type module and an infrared reflecting member, and the infrared reflecting member has (C) an infrared reflectance of 30%. And (D) visible light transmittance is 50% or more; and (E) at least part of the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system is incident on the infrared reflecting member. (F) at least a part of infrared rays reflected by the infrared reflecting member is configured to be incident on the double-sided power generation type module. Agricultural and horticultural facilities.

The double-sided power generation type module is a module that can generate power from both sides. The double-sided power generation type module used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a module in which a solar cell having a front and back target structure is sandwiched between a front glass and a back glass; Modules that can generate power from both sides, such as those that allow power generation from both sides as a combined body, can be used, but the light used for power generation on the back side is mainly reflected by the infrared reflecting member Therefore, it is preferable that at least the back side has high spectral sensitivity in the infrared region. Examples of high spectral sensitivity in the infrared region include a crystalline silicon type and a CIS (chalcopyrite) type.

The infrared reflecting member is a member that reflects infrared rays and transmits visible light, (C) has an infrared reflectance of 30% or higher; and (D) has a visible light transmittance of 50% or higher.

In this specification, the infrared reflectance is the reflectance of solar radiation at a wavelength of 780 to 2500 nanometers with respect to the integrated area of the reflection spectrum when the reflectance of solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 780 to 2500 nanometers is assumed to be 100%. It is the ratio of the integrated area of the reflection spectrum, and is a value measured by using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and making light incident on an infrared reflecting member at an incident angle of 0 °.

The visible light transmittance is the integral of the transmission spectrum of solar radiation at a wavelength of 380 to 780 nanometers with respect to the integrated area of the transmission spectrum when the transmittance of solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 380 to 780 nanometers is assumed to be 100%. It is a ratio of an area, and is a value measured by using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and making light incident on an infrared reflecting member at an incident angle of 0 °.

The (C) infrared reflectance is preferably 40% or more. (C) The higher the infrared reflectance, the higher the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and the more the temperature inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities can be suppressed. The visible light transmittance (D) is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. (D) The higher the visible light transmittance, the more preferable from the viewpoint of growing crops.

The infrared reflecting member used in the present invention is not particularly limited except that the above characteristics (C) and (D) are satisfied, and any infrared reflecting member can be used.

As a preferable infrared reflecting member, for example, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are formed on at least one surface of an arbitrary transparent web substrate such as a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film using a technique such as sputtering, vapor deposition, and coating. Infrared rays are reflected by optical interference, such as a co-extruded alternating multi-layer laminate of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition having a high refractive index and a transparent thermoplastic resin composition having a low refractive index; I can give you something.

The shape of the infrared reflecting member is arbitrary and is not particularly limited. For example, arbitrary things, such as a film form and a prism form, can be used.

The photovoltaic power generation system used in the second invention of the present invention is configured such that (E) at least part of the light transmitted through the daylighting portion is incident on the infrared reflection member, and (F) the infrared reflection. At least a part of infrared rays reflected by the member is configured to enter the double-sided power generation type module. Then, power generation is performed using the incident infrared rays in the double-sided power generation type module.

As an embodiment of the configuration (E) and the configuration (F), for example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the light transmitted through the daylighting portion is directly incident on the infrared reflecting member. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the light transmitted through the daylighting portion is reflected by a total light reflecting member such as one or more mirrors and indirectly incident on the infrared reflecting member. May be. In an embodiment that is directly incident on the infrared reflecting member, the system can be simple and low cost. In the embodiment in which the light is indirectly incident on the infrared reflecting member, it is possible to reduce the loss that the infrared light reflected by the infrared reflecting member is transmitted through the daylighting portion again without entering the double-sided power generation type module.

Also in the second invention of the present invention, as in the first invention, at least a part, preferably all of the visible light transmitted through the infrared reflecting member is incident on the light diffusing member, and the light diffusing member. At least a part, preferably all of the light transmitted through the light enters the agricultural / horticultural facility. As a preferred embodiment, a laminate of an infrared reflecting sheet and a light diffusing sheet is installed with the infrared reflecting sheet side facing the double-sided power generation type module (the light diffusing sheet side facing the agricultural / horticultural facility inside). Embodiments can be mentioned. In this embodiment, all of the visible light transmitted through the infrared reflecting member is incident on the light diffusing member, and the space is saved.

Further, during fallowing, nothing can be obtained even if light is incident on the inside of the agricultural and horticultural facilities. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the light transmitted through the daylighting portion is not incident on the infrared reflecting member. In addition, all of the reflected light from the total light reflection member may be incident on the double-sided power generation type module.

In the agricultural and horticultural facility according to the second aspect of the present invention, the infrared ray is reflected by the infrared reflecting member and does not enter the agricultural and horticultural facility, so that an increase in the internal temperature can be greatly suppressed. Have

The third invention of the present invention will be described below. In the third invention, the agricultural or horticultural facility according to the first invention or the second invention further includes a medium containing a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers, and light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers. The device or member that absorbs the light is provided so that at least a part of the visible light incident on the facility enters the facility after passing through the medium. The light required for the growth of ordinary agricultural and horticultural crops is light with wavelengths of 400 to 500 nanometers and 600 to 700 nanometers in visible light (Reference 1), and light with a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers grows. The contribution of is small. On the other hand, the effect of increasing the temperature inside the facility is significant. Therefore, the third invention of the present invention can further suppress the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities without affecting the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops.

(Reference 1) Relationship between plant growth and development and light quality
http://www.nodai.ac.jp/journal/research/amaki/050708.html

As an apparatus or member that transmits light having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nanometers and 600 to 700 nanometers and that absorbs light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers, for example, a tank or a channel formed of a transparent member such as glass Among them, a heat exchange medium circulation device for appropriately circulating a heat exchange medium such as water in which an appropriate amount of a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers such as rhodamine B (basic violet 10) is circulated. Can do. The apparatus is installed such that at least part of visible light incident on the inside of the facility enters the facility after passing through the apparatus. As a preferable embodiment, for example, the above-mentioned tank is configured by a box-shaped object such as a rectangular parallelepiped having a very shallow depth, and a light diffusing sheet is installed on the bottom surface, and an infrared reflecting sheet is installed on the flat surface if desired. A mode in which a light diffusive sheet is laminated on the plane, and an infrared reflecting sheet is laminated on the light diffusive sheet, if desired, and the like are installed.

The energy of light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers absorbed by the above apparatus can be used as thermal energy.

Moreover, as a member which transmits the light of the said wavelength 400-500 nanometer and 600-700 nanometer, and absorbs the light of wavelength 500-600 nanometer, for example, arbitrary transparent web groups, such as a biaxially-stretched polyethylene terephthalate film, are used. A transparent thermoplastic resin composition containing a pigment having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers, provided on at least one surface of the material with a pigment having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers The film which consists of;

As a preferable embodiment in the case of using the film-like member, for example, a light diffusing sheet is laminated on the surface of the film-like member inside the agricultural and horticultural facility, and an infrared reflection sheet is laminated on the opposite surface as desired. Aspect: A mode in which a light diffusive sheet is laminated on the surface of the film-like member on the solar power generation module side, and an infrared reflective sheet is laminated on the light diffusive sheet if desired.

The configuration of the present invention has been specifically described by way of examples. However, these are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, and those who have ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention can use the present invention. Various modifications are possible without departing from the essential characteristics of the above. The technical idea and technical scope of the present invention are not limited by the embodiments disclosed in the present specification. The technical scope of the present invention should be determined based on the description of the scope of claims, and all the techniques within the equivalent scope are interpreted as being included in the technical scope of the present invention. Should.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the agricultural and horticultural facilities of 1st invention of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the apparatus which evaluates the light diffusibility of a light diffusable member. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the solar energy power generation system used for invention of 2nd invention of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of the solar power generation system used for invention of 2nd invention of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of the solar power generation system used for invention of 2nd invention of this invention.

1: Daylighting part 2: Module 3 of solar power generation system: Light diffusing member 4: Light passing through the daylighting part 5: Light diffused by the light diffusing member 3 and incident inside the agricultural or horticultural facility 6: Sunlight Light 7 incident on the surface of the module 2 of the power generation system or the double-sided power generation type module 9: Light source 8 of the light diffusibility evaluation device 8: The amount of light transmitted through the light diffusive member 3 is ½ of the value of 0 ° The value of the angle θ
9: Double-sided power generation type module 10 of the solar power generation system 10: Infrared reflecting member 11: Visible light 12 transmitted through the infrared reflecting member 10: Infrared ray 13 reflected by the infrared reflecting member 10 and incident on the back surface of the double-sided power generating module 9: Total light reflection member 14: Light reflected by the total light reflection member 13 and incident on the infrared reflection member 10

Claims (2)

Agricultural and horticultural facilities,
(A) A solar power generation system having a daylighting portion is provided in at least a part of a portion where sunlight directly shines;
(B) The light diffusing member is such that at least a part of the light transmitted through the daylighting part of the solar power generation system is incident, and at least a part of the light transmitted through the light diffusing member is inside the facility. To be incident on the
(G) The solar power generation system having the daylighting portion includes a double-sided power generation type module and an infrared reflecting member;
The infrared reflecting member is
(C) Infrared reflectance is 30% or more; and
(D) Visible light transmittance is 50% or more;
Be
(E) At least a part of the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system is configured to be incident on the infrared reflecting member;
(F) At least a part of infrared rays reflected by the infrared reflecting member is configured to be incident on the double-sided power generation type module;
Agricultural and horticultural facilities.
At least a portion of visible light incident on the internal facilities agricultural and horticultural further after passing through the medium comprising a dye having an absorption maximum in a wavelength 500-600 nanometers to claim 1, characterized in that entering the internal facilities Agricultural and horticultural facilities listed.

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