JP6263369B2 - Solar power generation system and agricultural and horticultural house equipped with the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system. More specifically, solar power generation that can transmit light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops and efficiently use the remaining light for solar power generation to suppress the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural house. The present invention relates to a system and an agricultural / horticultural house equipped with the system.

In recent years, photovoltaic power generation has attracted attention as a new energy source to replace fossil fuels such as oil and nuclear power, and the installation of photovoltaic power generation systems on the roofs of houses and agricultural and horticultural houses is progressing. When the solar power generation system is installed on the roof or the like of an agricultural / horticultural house, a daylighting solar cell module is used in order to incorporate light necessary for the growth of agricultural / horticultural crops into the house.

As a daylighting solar cell module used for an agricultural or horticultural house or the like, it is known to use a double-sided power generation type module, and “the building in a building having a daylighting portion and configured to daylight sunlight inside” is used. A configuration in which a thin and light solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cells are arranged in parallel and covered with a transparent synthetic resin or a plurality of the thin and light solar cell modules is arranged immediately below the daylighting portion. A solar cell array is provided, and the daylighting in the building is performed between the solar cells of the solar cell module and / or between the solar cell modules of the solar cell array. In the solar power generation system with a light-shielding / dimming function, and the above-mentioned system, “the solar battery module uses a solar battery cell capable of generating power on both sides, and the solar battery. Joule is a solar power generation system with a light-shielding / dimming function, characterized in that it can generate electric power not only with sunlight incident from the outside but also with light reflected and scattered indoors (Patent Literature). 1). However, even during the cold season, the temperature inside the house rises greatly by introducing light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops into the house during sunny days. In the case of agricultural and horticultural crops, such as strawberries and lettuce, which tend to be hindered by raising the temperature, there is no description or suggestion about a method for solving the problem of requiring cooling.

JP 2002-026357 A

The problem of the present invention is that the light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops can be transmitted while the remaining light can be efficiently used for solar power generation to suppress the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural house. A photovoltaic power generation system and an agricultural and horticultural house equipped with the photovoltaic power generation system are provided.

As a result of diligent research, the present inventor has made infrared light incident on the double-sided power generation module by the reflecting member among the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the daylighting solar power generation module, and visible light is transmitted into the agricultural and horticultural house. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be achieved by making it.

That is, the present invention is a photovoltaic power generation system,
(A) Daylighting part;
(B) Double-sided power generation type module;
(C) an infrared reflecting member;
The (C) infrared reflecting member has
(D) Infrared reflectance is 30% or more;
(E) Visible light transmittance is 50% or more;
And
(F) At least a part of the light transmitted through the (A) daylighting portion is configured to be incident on the (C) infrared reflecting member;
(G) At least a part of infrared rays reflected by the (C) infrared reflecting member is configured to be incident on the (B) double-sided power generation type module;
It is a solar power generation system.

A second invention is an agricultural and horticultural house, wherein the solar power generation system according to the first invention is provided on at least a part of a roof and / or a wall on which sunlight directly shines. (C) An agricultural and horticultural house installed such that at least part of visible light transmitted through the infrared reflecting member is incident on the inside of the house.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, after (A) the daylighting portion and (C) at least part of visible light transmitted through the infrared reflecting member further passes through a medium containing a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers. The agricultural and horticultural house according to the second invention, wherein the house is incident on the inside of the house.

The solar power generation system of the present invention allows light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops to pass therethrough and the remaining light can be efficiently used for solar power generation. Moreover, the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural house can be suppressed. Therefore, the agricultural and horticultural house of the present invention provided with the solar power generation system of the present invention can be suitably used for cultivation of crops that are vulnerable to high temperatures such as strawberries and lettuce.

The photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention includes (A) a daylighting portion; (B) a double-sided power generation type module; and (C) an infrared reflecting member.

The (A) daylighting portion is a gap provided between the power generation elements. The method of providing the gap is not limited and is arbitrary. For example, a type in which a gap is provided between solar cells, a type in which a gap is provided between cells of a solar battery module, a type in which a gap is provided between modules of a solar battery array, and any of these types The type combined with can be given. The shape of the gap is also arbitrary. For example, a continuous or / and independent gap such as a slit shape, a circle shape, a triangle shape, a square shape, or a hexagon shape can be provided.

The total light transmittance of the (A) daylighting part is usually 50% or more. From the viewpoint of the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops and the power generation efficiency of the double-sided power generation module, (A) the total light transmittance of the daylighting portion is preferably as high as possible, and preferably 70% or more.

The ratio of the area of the above-mentioned (A) daylighting part to the total sunlight receiving area of the photovoltaic power generation system is not particularly limited, and (A) the total light transmittance of the daylighting part and the crop cultivated inside the agricultural and horticultural house It can be decided arbitrarily in consideration of the type. For example, when cultivating crops that are vulnerable to high temperatures such as strawberries and lettuce, it is preferable to reduce the ratio in order to increase the light-shielding effect.

The (B) double-sided power generation type module is a module that can generate power from both sides. The member (B) used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a module in which a solar cell having a front and back object structure is sandwiched between a front glass and a back glass; Modules that can generate power from both sides, such as those that enable power generation from both sides as a combined body, can be used, but the light used for power generation on the back side is mainly the member (C) Since the reflected infrared ray is used, at least the back side preferably has a high spectral sensitivity in the infrared region. Examples of high spectral sensitivity in the infrared region include a crystalline silicon type and a CIS (chalcopyrite) type.

The (C) infrared reflecting member is a member that reflects infrared rays and transmits visible light, (D) has an infrared reflectance of 30% or more; and (E) has a visible light transmittance of 50% or more.

In this specification, the infrared reflectance is the reflectance of solar radiation at a wavelength of 780 to 2500 nanometers with respect to the integrated area of the reflection spectrum when the reflectance of solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 780 to 2500 nanometers is assumed to be 100%. The ratio of the integrated area of the reflection spectrum, measured using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation with light incident on an infrared reflecting member at an incident angle of 0 ° (C) It is.

The visible light transmittance is the integral of the transmission spectrum of solar radiation at a wavelength of 380 to 780 nanometers with respect to the integrated area of the transmission spectrum when the transmittance of solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 380 to 780 nanometers is assumed to be 100%. It is a ratio of the area, and is a value measured by using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and making light incident on the infrared reflecting member (C) at an incident angle of 0 °.

The (D) infrared reflectance is preferably 40% or more. (D) The higher the infrared reflectance, the higher the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and the more preferable is the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural house. The visible light transmittance (E) is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. (E) The higher the visible light transmittance, the more preferable from the viewpoint of growing crops.

The (C) infrared reflecting member used in the present invention is not particularly limited except that the above characteristics (D) and (E) are satisfied, and any infrared reflecting member can be used.

As a preferable (C) infrared reflecting member, for example, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index are formed on at least one surface of an arbitrary transparent web substrate such as a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film using a technique such as sputtering, vapor deposition, and coating. Multi-layered alternating refractive index layers; co-extruded alternating multi-layer laminates of high refractive index transparent thermoplastic resin composition and low refractive index transparent thermoplastic resin composition; You can list things that reflect.

The shape of the (C) infrared reflecting member is arbitrary and is not particularly limited. For example, arbitrary things, such as a film form and a prism form, can be used.

The photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention is configured such that (F) at least part of the light transmitted through the (A) daylighting portion is incident on the (C) infrared reflecting member; (G) (C) At least a part of infrared rays reflected by the infrared reflecting member is configured to be incident on the (B) double-sided power generation type module. And power generation is performed using the incident infrared rays in the member (B).

As an embodiment of the configuration (F) and the configuration (G), for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the light transmitted through the (A) daylighting portion is directly incident on the (C) infrared reflecting member. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, (A) the light transmitted through the daylighting portion is reflected by a total light reflecting member such as one or more mirrors, and the (C) infrared reflecting member. It may be configured so as to be incident indirectly. In an embodiment that is directly incident on the member (C), the system can be simple and low cost. In the embodiment in which the light is incident on the member (C) indirectly, the infrared light reflected by the member (C) is not incident on the member (B), and the loss that the light is transmitted again through the (A) daylighting portion is reduced. be able to.

In the agricultural and horticultural house of the present invention, the solar power generation system of the present invention has passed through the (A) daylighting part and the (C) infrared reflecting member on at least a part of the roof and / or the wall directly exposed to sunlight. An agricultural and horticultural house installed such that at least part of visible light is incident on the inside of the house. Visible light incident on the agricultural and horticultural house is used for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. Moreover, since infrared rays are reflected by the member (C) and do not enter the agricultural or horticultural house, an increase in the internal temperature can be greatly suppressed.

In addition, the agricultural or horticultural house of the present invention is further provided with a device or member that absorbs light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers, and visible light transmitted through the (A) daylighting portion and the (C) infrared reflecting member is further provided. In another preferred embodiment, the device or member is allowed to enter the house after transmission. The light required for the growth of ordinary agricultural and horticultural crops is light with wavelengths of 400 to 500 nanometers and 600 to 700 nanometers in visible light (Reference 1), and light with a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers grows. This is because the effect of increasing the temperature inside the house is large.

(Reference 1) Relationship between plant growth and development and light quality
http://www.nodai.ac.jp/journal/research/amaki/050708.html

Examples of a device that transmits light having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nanometers and 600 to 700 nanometers and that absorbs light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers include at least the (A) daylighting portion and the (C) infrared reflection. A pigment having a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nm, such as rhodamine B (basic violet 10), in a tank or a channel formed of a transparent member such as glass for a portion that transmits visible light transmitted through the member. In addition, a heat exchange medium circulating apparatus that appropriately circulates a heat exchange medium such as water dissolved in an appropriate amount can be given. The apparatus is installed so that at least a part of visible light transmitted through the (A) daylighting portion and the (C) infrared reflecting member is transmitted through the apparatus and then enters the agricultural or horticultural house. The energy of light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers absorbed by the apparatus can be used as thermal energy.

Moreover, as a member which transmits the light of the said wavelength 400-500 nanometer and 600-700 nanometer, and absorbs the light of wavelength 500-600 nanometer, arbitrary transparent web base materials, such as a biaxially-stretched polyethylene terephthalate film, are used. Provided on at least one surface with a curable resin coating film containing a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers; comprising a transparent thermoplastic resin composition containing a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers Film; and the like.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the solar energy power generation system of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of the solar energy power generation system of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of the solar energy power generation system of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the solar energy power generation system created in Example 1 of this invention.

1: (A) Daylighting part 2: (B) Double-sided power generation type module 3: (C) Infrared reflecting member 4: (A) Light 5 that passes through the daylighting part and is incident on the infrared reflecting member 5: (C) Reflected by the infrared reflecting member and (B) Infrared ray 6 incident on the back surface of the double-sided power generating module: (C) Visible light ray 7 passing through the infrared reflecting member and entering the agricultural / horticultural house 7: (B) Double-sided power generating type Light incident on the surface of the module 8: Total light reflecting member 9: (A) Light passing through the daylighting portion and incident on the total light reflecting member 8: Reflected by the total light reflecting member 8, (C) Infrared reflecting member 11 incident on the plane 11: the plane of the photovoltaic power generation system created in Example 1 of the present invention 12: the bottom surface of the photovoltaic power generation system created in Example 1 of the present invention

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to this.

Example 1
(1) Creation of photovoltaic power generation system Using a coated cardboard having a basis weight of 500 g / m ² , a shallow rectangular parallelepiped paper box having a length of 300 mm × width of 300 mm × height of 50 mm was created. Next, a hole was made in the center of the plane of the paper box, and a double-sided power generation type crystalline silicon solar cell module having a daylighting portion with an output of 0.5 W was installed so as to completely close the hole. At this time, the size of the hole was adjusted to the size of the module. Further, a hole of 250 mm length × 250 mm width is formed at the center of the bottom of the paper box, and an infrared reflection film “Scotch Tint Nano90S (trade name)” by Sumitomo 3M Limited (infrared reflectance 40%, visible light transmittance 88%). Was cut into a size of 280 mm in length and 280 mm in width, and attached so that the infrared reflecting surface was inside the paper box so as to completely close the hole. Thus, a solar power generation system was obtained.
(2) Performance evaluation It irradiated with the 50W reflex lamp from the height of 20 cm above the solar cell module installed in the solar power generation system obtained above. The back side power generation amount (the power generation amount by the reflected light of the infrared reflective film) obtained by subtracting the front side power generation amount from the total power generation amount was 12.9 mW / hr. Also, using 5mm thick heat-strengthened glass “Home Taflight (trade name)” by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd., a very shallow rectangular parallelepiped tank 300mm long x 300mm wide x 10mm high is filled with distilled water. When the solar power generation system obtained above was installed on the plane and irradiated with a 50 W reflex lamp from a height of 20 cm above the solar cell module, the temperature of distilled water after 1 hour was 23 ° C rose slightly to 24 ° C.

Comparative Example 1
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that a smoke film having an infrared reflectance of 5% and a visible light transmittance of 15% was used instead of the infrared reflective film. The power generation on the back side was 1.6 mW / hr. The temperature of distilled water increased from 23 ° C. at the start to 31 ° C.

Example 2
Instead of distilled water, HUNTSMAN Co., Ltd. dye “NOVACRON BLACK NN” (trade name) dissolved in 0.002% by mass in distilled water (having an absorption maximum of 50% absorption at a wavelength of 500 nanometers) All of the operations were the same as in Example 1 except that the inside of the rectangular parallelepiped tank was filled. The power generation on the back side was 12.1 mW / hr. The temperature of the aqueous solution rose from 23 ° C. at the start to 28 ° C.

Comparative Example 2
The same procedure as in Example 2 was performed except that a smoke film having an infrared reflectance of 5% and a visible light transmittance of 15% was used instead of the infrared reflective film. The amount of power generation on the back side was 0.8 mW / hr. The temperature of the aqueous solution rose from 23 ° C. at the start to 33 ° C.

In Example 1, the rear side also has a large amount of power generation. Moreover, since the distilled water temperature in a tank is only rising slightly compared with the comparative example 1, it can be anticipated that the agricultural and horticultural house in which this is installed can suppress an increase in internal temperature.

In Example 2, there is a large amount of power generation on the back side. Moreover, since the aqueous solution temperature in a tank is rising rather than Example 1, it turns out that the energy was able to be absorbed by permeate | transmitting the visible light which permeate | transmitted the infrared reflective film, and also the aqueous solution containing a pigment | dye. Therefore, it can be expected that an increase in the house internal temperature can be further reduced by providing a device that absorbs light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers.

On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the power generation amount on the back side is very small. Moreover, since the temperature of the distilled water or aqueous solution in a tank has risen greatly, even if it installs, it is judged that the temperature rise inside the agricultural / horticultural house cannot be suppressed.

Claims (1)

An agricultural and horticultural house,
On at least a part of the roof and / or walls directly exposed to sunlight,
A solar power generation system,
(A) Daylighting part;
(B) Double-sided power generation type module;
(C) an infrared reflecting member;
Have
The (C) infrared reflecting member is
(D) Infrared reflectance is 30% or more;
(E) Visible light transmittance is 50% or more;
And
(F) At least a part of the light transmitted through the (A) daylighting portion is configured to be incident on the (C) infrared reflecting member;
(G) At least a part of infrared rays reflected by the (C) infrared reflecting member is configured to be incident on the (B) double-sided power generation type module;
Solar power system,
(A) The daylighting part and (C) at least part of visible light transmitted through the infrared reflecting member is installed so as to enter the house,
Here, (A) the daylighting part and (C) at least part of the visible light transmitted through the infrared reflecting member is
A heat exchange medium circulation device, wherein the heat exchange medium circulation device circulates a heat exchange medium circulation device that circulates a heat exchange medium containing a dye having an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and then enters the house.
Agricultural and horticultural house.