JP6357178B2 - 熱交換器およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
熱交換器およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6357178B2 JP6357178B2 JP2016024232A JP2016024232A JP6357178B2 JP 6357178 B2 JP6357178 B2 JP 6357178B2 JP 2016024232 A JP2016024232 A JP 2016024232A JP 2016024232 A JP2016024232 A JP 2016024232A JP 6357178 B2 JP6357178 B2 JP 6357178B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017758 Cu-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017931 Cu—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910006776 Si—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0012—Brazing heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/14—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for soldering seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
- F28F2275/045—Fastening; Joining by brazing with particular processing steps, e.g. by allowing displacement of parts during brazing or by using a reservoir for storing brazing material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Description
熱媒体が流れ、互いに並んで配置された複数のアルミニウム製の伝熱管(11)と、
熱媒体が流れ、伝熱管(11)の端部にろう付け接合された複数のアルミニウム製の接続管(12、13)と、
複数の接続管(12、13)のうち少なくとも2つの接続管(12、13)の少なくとも一部に熱伝導可能に接触するように配置され、熱伝導体で形成された均熱化手段(21、22)とを備え、
均熱化手段(21、22)および複数の接続管(12、13)は互いにろう付け接合されており、
複数の伝熱管(11)と複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合しているろう材は、均熱化手段(21、22)と複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合しているろう材よりも低融点であることを特徴とする。
熱媒体が流れ、互いに並んで配置されたアルミニウム製の複数の伝熱管(11)と、
熱媒体が流れ、複数の伝熱管(11)の端部に接合されたアルミニウム製の複数の接続管(12、13)とを備える熱交換器の製造方法であって、
複数の接続管(12、13)のうち少なくとも2つの接続管(12、13)の少なくとも一部に、熱伝導体で形成された均熱化手段(21、22)を熱伝導可能に接触するように配置し、且つ均熱化手段(21、22)および複数の接続管(12、13)を互いにろう付け接合した状態で、複数の伝熱管(11)と複数の接続管(12、13)とをろう付け接合することを含み、
複数の伝熱管(11)と複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合するろう材として、均熱化手段(21、22)と複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合するろう材よりも低融点であるものを用いることを特徴とする。
なお、この欄および特許請求の範囲で記載した各手段の括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。
まず、ろう付け接合によって製造された熱交換器10を図1〜図4に基づいて説明する。熱交換器10は、冷凍サイクルの冷媒と、空気とを熱交換させる冷凍サイクル用熱交換器である。
上記実施形態では、伝熱管11に接続管12、13をバーナ加熱によって接合するが、本実施形態では、伝熱管11に接続管12、13を高周波誘導加熱によって接合する。
上記実施形態では、均熱部材21は、伝熱管11の並び方向Wに延びる板状の部材であるが、本実施形態では、図15、図16に示すように、均熱部材22は、伝熱管11同士の間に嵌まり込むブロック状の部材である。
本実施形態では、図17に示すように、板状の均熱部材21の端部が延長され且つコイル20と逆方向に曲げられている。これにより、均熱部材21の端部への磁束集中を低減できるとともに均熱部材21の端部の熱容量を増加できるので、伝熱管11と接続管12、13とのろう付けを一層均熱化できる。
本実施形態では、図18に示すように、板状の均熱部材21が、両端列の伝熱管11の近傍には設けられず、中央列の伝熱管11の近傍のみに設けられる。
本実施形態では、図19に示すように、板状の均熱部材21が屈曲した形状を有しており、均熱部材21の中央側の部位が両端側の部位と比較してコイル20の近くに位置している。
本実施形態では、図20に示すように、サイドプレート17の両端が接続管12、13側に曲げられている。製造上の誤差等の理由により、サイドプレート17の組み付け位置にバラツキが生じるので、最短列の伝熱管11とサイドプレート17の曲げ部との間の距離にもバラツキが生じる。最短列の伝熱管11とサイドプレート17の曲げ部との間の距離が長いと最端列の伝熱管11では磁束密度が高くなるので高温になる。
本実施形態では、伝熱管11の肉厚が互いに異なっている。図21の例では、右方側の2本の伝熱管11の肉厚が、左方側の2本の伝熱管11の肉厚よりも薄くなっている。
本実施形態では、伝熱管11の肉厚が互いに異なっている。図22の例では、右方側の2本の伝熱管11の肉厚が、左方側の2本の伝熱管11の肉厚よりも薄くなっている。
上記実施形態を適宜組み合わせ可能である。上記実施形態を例えば以下のように種々変形可能である。
12 チューブ用接続管(接続管)
13 タンク用接続管(接続管)
16 接合部
21 均熱部材(均熱化手段)
Claims (6)
- 熱媒体が流れ、互いに並んで配置されたアルミニウム製の複数の伝熱管(11)と、
前記熱媒体が流れ、前記複数の伝熱管(11)の端部にろう付け接合されたアルミニウム製の複数の接続管(12、13)と、
前記複数の接続管(12、13)のうち少なくとも2つの前記接続管(12、13)の少なくとも一部に熱伝導可能に接触するように配置され、熱伝導体で形成された均熱化手段(21、22)とを備え、
前記均熱化手段(21、22)および前記複数の接続管(12、13)は互いにろう付け接合されており、
前記複数の伝熱管(11)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合しているろう材は、前記均熱化手段(21、22)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合しているろう材よりも低融点であることを特徴とする熱交換器。 - 前記複数の伝熱管(11)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合しているろう材は、Al−Cu−Si系またはAl−Cu−Si−Zn系であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記均熱化手段(21、22)および前記複数の接続管(12、13)は、互いに機械的に接触していることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の熱交換器。
- 前記複数の伝熱管(11)は、3列以上配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の熱交換器。
- 熱媒体が流れ、互いに並んで配置されたアルミニウム製の複数の伝熱管(11)と、
前記熱媒体が流れ、前記複数の伝熱管(11)の端部に接合されたアルミニウム製の複数の接続管(12、13)とを備える熱交換器の製造方法であって、
前記複数の接続管(12、13)のうち少なくとも2つの前記接続管(12、13)の少なくとも一部に、熱伝導体で形成された均熱化手段(21、22)を熱伝導可能に接触するように配置し、且つ前記均熱化手段(21、22)および前記複数の接続管(12、13)を互いにろう付け接合した状態で、前記複数の伝熱管(11)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とをろう付け接合することを含み、
前記複数の伝熱管(11)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合するろう材として、前記均熱化手段(21、22)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とを接合するろう材よりも低融点であるものを用いる熱交換器の製造方法。 - 伝熱面積を増大させて熱交換を促進するフィン(14)と前記複数の伝熱管(11)とを組み付けてコア部(18)を製造し、
前記均熱化手段(21、22)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とを組み付けて接続管組付体(19)を製造し、
前記コア部(18)と前記接続管組付体(19)とを組み付けて前記複数の伝熱管(11)と前記複数の接続管(12、13)とをろう付け接合することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の熱交換器の製造方法。
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