JP6239698B2 - メンブラン - Google Patents
メンブラン Download PDFInfo
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- JP6239698B2 JP6239698B2 JP2016131858A JP2016131858A JP6239698B2 JP 6239698 B2 JP6239698 B2 JP 6239698B2 JP 2016131858 A JP2016131858 A JP 2016131858A JP 2016131858 A JP2016131858 A JP 2016131858A JP 6239698 B2 JP6239698 B2 JP 6239698B2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 94
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 ether sulfone Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004695 VICTREX™ PEEK Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical group O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007755 gap coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010022 rotary screen printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BXEMXLDMNMKWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1 BXEMXLDMNMKWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1097—Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1065—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
(i)電気化学的触媒層がガス拡散電極を形成するために、ガス拡散層に塗布され得る。2つのガス拡散電極がイオン-伝導性メンブランの両側に位置し、5つの層のMEAを形成するために共にラミネートされ得る。
(ii)前記電気化学的触媒層が触媒コーティングイオン-伝導性メンブランを形成するために、イオン-伝導性メンブランの両面に塗布され得る。次に、ガス拡散層が触媒-コーティングされたイオン-伝導性メンブランの両面に塗布される。
(iii)MEAは電気化学的触媒層で一方の側にコーティングされたイオン-伝導性メンブラン、電気化学的触媒層に隣接するガス拡散層、イオン-伝導性メンブランの他側に形成されたガス拡散電極で形成され得る。
好ましい強化部は、US6,254,978、EP0814897及びUS6,110,330で説明されたPTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene)のようなフルオロポリマー(fluoropolymer)の多孔性ウェブ又は繊維、又はPVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride)、又はPEEK又はポリエチレンのような代替物質(これに限定されるものではない)に基づくこともあり得る。
メンブラン内のピンホールは、作動時に容易に形成されることができ、最新の強化メンブランでこのようなピンホールは、平面上で(x-及びy-)伝播され得、非強化メンブランで更に折り曲げられるが、メンブランとメンブラン電極組立体の失敗につながる。また、最新のメンブランは、z-軸方向による圧縮性に対する抵抗力が不足し、変形と動作スタックで発生する圧縮応力による以降の失敗に再びつながり得る。最新の強化メンブランは、湿潤-乾燥サイクル間の膨張と収縮に損傷しやすいため、膜が薄くなったり、弱い地点で機械的損傷を更に悪化させる。より薄いメンブランであるほど、このような問題は更に顕著なものとなる。
(i)金属、炭素、ポリマー又はこれらの複合材で製造された平らな(平坦、平面状の)強化部材、及び
(ii)イオン-伝導性物質を含み、
前記平らな強化部材は、多数の個別の(離散した)セルを含むセル状構造(cellular structure;多孔質構造、細胞状構造)であり、前記各セルの壁は、各セル壁がプロトン伝導性物質が浸透しないように、前記部材の厚さを通して延び、前記プロトン-伝導性物質は、前記平らな強化部材の前記セルを満たすことを特徴とする。
好ましくは、前記物質は燃料電池環境で安定的であり、強化セルを満たすのに用いられるイオン-伝導性物質と共に接着剤を形成できる。前記平らな強化部材の材料は、僅かな固有なイオン-伝導性性質を有し得るが、例えば、高い当量バージョンのPFSAポリマーから製造され得る。
アニオン-伝導性液体は、水酸化カリウム溶液、水酸化ナトリウム溶液を含む。
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム及びオスミウム)、
(ii)金又は銀、
(iii)非金属、
又はこれらの金属のうち1つ以上又はその酸化物を含む合金又は混合物。好ましい電気化学的触媒金属は白金であるが、これは他の貴金属又は非金属と合金化され得る。もし前記電気化学的触媒が支持された触媒であれば、前記炭素支持物質上の金属粒子の含有量は、最終的な電気化学的触媒の重量に対して10-90重量%のものが適切であり、好ましくは15-75重量%である。
(i)本発明の強化メンブランが2つのガス拡散電極(1つはアノード、もう1つはカソード)の間でサンドイッチされ得る。
(ii)電気化学的触媒層により一方の側にのみコーティングされた本発明の触媒コーティング強化メンブランがガス拡散層とガス拡散電極との間にサンドイッチされ得、前記ガス拡散層は前記触媒層でコーティングされた前記強化メンブランの側面と接触する。又は
(iii)電気化学的層で両側に何れもコーティングされた本発明の触媒コーティング強化メンブランは、2つのガス拡散層の間に挟持されてよい。
Claims (7)
- 強化メンブランであって、
(i)ポリマーより得られた、平らな強化部材と、及び
(ii)イオン-伝導性物質とを備えてなり、
前記イオン-伝導性物質が、固体の、プロトン-伝導性ポリマーであり、
前記平らな強化部材が、多数の個別のセルを含むハニカム構造を有する多孔性物質であり、
前記各セルの壁が、前記部材の厚さを通して延び、前記イオン-伝導性物質が、前記セル壁に対して浸透しないものであり、
前記平らな強化部材における全ての前記セルが、前記イオン-伝導性物質により満たされたものであり、
前記強化部材の孔隙率(n)(=Vv/Vt×100)が、70%超過である(式中、Vvはセルボイド(void)体積、Vtは平らな強化部材の全体体積である)、強化メンブラン。 - 前記プロトン-伝導性ポリマーが、平らな強化部材の厚さ方向において、前記満たされたセルを超えて延び、前記平らな強化部材の少なくとも一面に、強化されない固体プロトン-伝導性ポリマーの層を形成する、請求項1に記載の強化メンブラン。
- 請求項1または2に記載の強化メンブランと、及び
前記強化メンブランの少なくとも一方の側に位置する電気化学的触媒層とを備えてなる、触媒コーティング強化メンブラン。 - 請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の強化メンブランを備えてなる、メンブラン電極組立体。
- 請求項3による触媒コーティング強化メンブランを備えてなる、メンブラン電極組立体。
- 請求項1または2に記載の強化メンブラン、
請求項3に記載の触媒コーティング強化メンブラン、或いは
請求項4又は5に記載のメンブラン電極組立体を備えてなる、燃料電池。 - 請求項1または2に記載の強化メンブラン、
請求項3に記載の触媒コーティング強化メンブラン、或いは
請求項4又は5に記載のメンブラン電極組立体を備えてなる、電解槽。
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