JP6218174B2 - 複合型ターゲット、複合型ターゲットを用いる中性子発生方法、及び複合型ターゲットを用いる中性子発生装置 - Google Patents
複合型ターゲット、複合型ターゲットを用いる中性子発生方法、及び複合型ターゲットを用いる中性子発生装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6218174B2 JP6218174B2 JP2013533804A JP2013533804A JP6218174B2 JP 6218174 B2 JP6218174 B2 JP 6218174B2 JP 2013533804 A JP2013533804 A JP 2013533804A JP 2013533804 A JP2013533804 A JP 2013533804A JP 6218174 B2 JP6218174 B2 JP 6218174B2
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- beryllium
- carbon
- lithium
- composite
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 214
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 179
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 176
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 174
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 168
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(2+) Chemical compound [Be+2] PWOSZCQLSAMRQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 3
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UQVOJETYKFAIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium carbide Chemical compound [Be][C][Be] UQVOJETYKFAIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFVVBBUVWAIIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium nitrate Chemical compound [Be+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O RFVVBBUVWAIIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- QZVSYHUREAVHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diberyllium;silicate Chemical compound [Be+2].[Be+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] QZVSYHUREAVHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXLQIRALKZAWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[CH3-].[CH3-] TXLQIRALKZAWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOWHJXWFLFBSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum beryllium Chemical compound [Be].[Al] SOWHJXWFLFBSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FGTDFEYQGIRFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium diazide Chemical compound [Be++].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] FGTDFEYQGIRFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Be]Cl LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JZKFIPKXQBZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium difluoride Chemical compound F[Be]F JZKFIPKXQBZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPJWIROQQFWMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium dihydroxide Chemical compound [Be+2].[OH-].[OH-] WPJWIROQQFWMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YUOUKRIPFJKDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium;diacetate Chemical compound [Be+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YUOUKRIPFJKDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- NJJFVOQXYCEZLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;triberyllium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Be+2].[Be+2].[Be+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O NJJFVOQXYCEZLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NQKXFODBPINZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxotantalum Chemical compound O=[Ta]=O NQKXFODBPINZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003103 lithium disilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
1.陽子を衝突させて中性子を発生させるための複合型ターゲットであって、ベリリウム材料、リチウム材料、及び非金属材料を複合して成るターゲット部分と、ターゲット部分の一の表面に施された真空シールと、を備えることを特徴とする複合型ターゲットの構成とした。
2.前記非金属材料が炭素系材料であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の複合型ターゲットの構成とした。
3.前記炭素系材料が、少なくとも等方性黒鉛材料及び結晶配向性炭素材料のいずれか一つの材料を含有する炭素系材料であることを特徴とする前記1又は前記2に記載の複合型ターゲットの構成とした。
4.陽子をターゲットに衝突させて中性子を発生させるための中性子発生方法において、陽子が2MeV以上11MeV未満の陽子であり、前記ターゲットが前記1から前記3のいずれか一つに記載の複合型ターゲットであり、該複合型ターゲットに前記陽子を真空下で衝突させることによって核反応による中性子を発生させると共に該複合型ターゲットの冷却機構によって該複合型ターゲットを冷却することを特徴とする中性子発生方法の構成とした。
5.陽子発生のための水素イオン発生部と、前記水素イオン発生部で発生する陽子を加速するための加速器と、前記加速器によって加速された陽子を照射するための陽子照射部と、陽子を衝突させて中性子を発生させるためのターゲットと、を備え、前記加速器が線形加速器であり、前記ターゲットが前記1から前記3のいずれか一つに記載の複合型ターゲットであることを特徴とする中性子発生装置の構成とした。
6.前記線形加速器が陽子を2MeV以上11MeV未満の範囲に加速することができる線形加速器であることを特徴とする前記5に記載の中性子発生装置の構成とした。
熱計算によってターゲットで発生する熱によるベリリウム材料(又はリチウム材料)の溶融の有無を予想する。ターゲットで発生する熱と熱伝導材料によって逸散される熱の熱収支バランスは、数1によって与えられる。
ターゲット材料の放射化の有無を予想するための理論計算を行う。該理論計算は、中性子核反応の核反応断面積のデータであるJENDL-4.0(非特許文献4)と核反応のQ値(核反応前後の静止質量エネルギーの差をQ値という)を用いる計算手法(非特許文献5)に従って行う。計算結果の概略を以下に説明する。(1)8MeV陽子とベリリウムの衝突によって生じる核反応は、9Be(p,γ)10B、9Be(p,n)9B、9Be(p,pn)8Be、9Be(p,α)6Li、9Be(p,2n)8B、9Be(p,pn)8Be、及び9Be(p,2p)8Liであり、これらの放射性核種の半減期は短く(1秒以下)、又これらの放射性核種の実効線量当量率定数Γe(放射化によるガンマ線の放出の程度を示す尺度:μSvm2MBq-1h-1)は、ゼロである。(2)6MeV以下の中性子とベリリウムの衝突によって生じる核反応は、9Be(n,γ)10Be、9Be(n,2n)8Be、及び9Be(n,α)6Heであり、これらの放射性核種の半減期は短く(1秒以下)、又これらの放射性核種の実効線量当量率定数Γeは、ゼロである。なお、中性子の加速エネルギーを6MeV以下としたのは、8MeV陽子とベリリウムの衝突によって発生する中性子の最大エネルギーが6.1MeVであることによる。(3)3MeV陽子とリチウムの衝突によって生じる核反応は、6Li(p,γ)7Be、6Li(p,α)3He、7Li(p,γ)8Be、7Li(p,n)7Be、及び 7Li(p,α)4Heであり、これらの放射性核種のなかで7Be以外の放射性核種の半減期は短く、また7Be以外の放射性核種の実効線量当量率定数Γeは、ゼロ又は0.00847である。(4)3MeV中性子とリチウムの衝突で生じる核反応は、6Li(n,γ)7Li、6Li(n,p)6He、6Li(n,t)4He、6Li(n,α)3H、及び 7Li(n,γ)8Liであり、これらの放射性核種のなかでトリチウム(t又は3H)以外の放射性核種の半減期は短く、またトリチウム以外の放射性核種の実効線量当量率定数Γeは、ゼロ又は0.00847である。(5)6MeV中性子と周期律表における0族元素、及び1族元素〜18族元素の各元素との衝突によって比較的長い半減期と比較的高い実効線量当量率定数Γeを有する放射性核種を生じる元素は、Sc、Ti、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ptである。これらの中で、鉄材の放射化によって生成する放射性核種は、54Fe(n,p)54Mn(54Mnの半減期312days,Γe0.111)、54Fe(n,α)51Cr(51Crの半減期27.7days,Γe0.0046)、56Fe(n,p)56Mn(56Mnの半減期2.58hours,Γe0.203)、及び58Fe(n,γ)59Mn(59Mnの半減期44.6days,Γe0.147)であり、銅材の放射化によって生成する放射性核種は、63Cu(n,γ)64Cu(64Cuの半減期12.7hours,Γe0.0259)、63Cu(n,γ)60Co(60Coの半減期5.27years,Γe0.305)、及び 65Cu(n,p)65Ni(65Niの半減期2.52hours,Γe0.0671)である。
2 複合体
3 ターゲット部分
4 ベリリウム材料
5 リチウム材料
6 炭素系材料
7 真空シール
8 冷媒流路
9 冷却機構
10 複合型ターゲット
11 ベリリウム材料、リチウム材料、及び炭素系材料の混合物の一体成型体
12 複合型ターゲット
13 複合型ターゲット
14 複合型ターゲット
15 複合型ターゲット
16 ターゲット部分
17 水素イオン発生部
18 線形加速器
19 陽子照射部
20 複合型ターゲット
21 フランジ
22 水素イオンの流れ
23 加速陽子の流れ
24 照射陽子の流れ
25 発生中性子の流れ
26 ベリリウム(又はリチウム)
27 金属製支持体
30 陽子の流れ
31 中性子の流れ
Claims (5)
- 陽子を衝突させて中性子を発生させるための複合型ターゲットであって、
ベリリウム材料、リチウム材料、及び非金属材料を複合して成るターゲット部分と、
前記ターゲット部分の一の表面に施された真空シールと、を備え、
前記非金属材料が炭素系材料であり、
前記炭素系材料が、少なくとも等方性黒鉛材料及び結晶配向性炭素材料のいずれか一つの材料を含有する炭素系材料である
ことを特徴とする複合型ターゲット。 - 陽子をターゲットに衝突させて中性子を発生させるための中性子発生方法において、
陽子が2MeV以上11MeV未満の陽子であり、
前記ターゲットが請求項1に記載の複合型ターゲットであり、
前記複合型ターゲットに前記陽子を真空下で衝突させることによって核反応による中性子を発生させることを特徴とする中性子発生方法。 - 発生させる前記中性子は、少なくともBe(p, n)及びLi(p, n)の核反応による中性子であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の中性子発生方法。
- 陽子発生のための水素イオン発生部と、
前記水素イオン発生部で発生する陽子を加速するための加速器と、
前記加速器によって加速された陽子を照射するための陽子照射部と、
陽子を衝突させて中性子を発生させるためのターゲットと、を備え、
前記加速器が線形加速器であり、
前記ターゲットが請求項1に記載の複合型ターゲットであることを特徴とする中性子発生装置。 - 前記線形加速器が陽子を2MeV以上11MeV未満の範囲に加速することができる線形加速器であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の中性子発生装置。
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