JP6122948B2 - 胃癌の治療のための方法 - Google Patents
胃癌の治療のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6122948B2 JP6122948B2 JP2015512637A JP2015512637A JP6122948B2 JP 6122948 B2 JP6122948 B2 JP 6122948B2 JP 2015512637 A JP2015512637 A JP 2015512637A JP 2015512637 A JP2015512637 A JP 2015512637A JP 6122948 B2 JP6122948 B2 JP 6122948B2
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Description
本出願は、2012年5月15日出願の米国出願第61/647,384号の利益を主張し、その内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に記載される主題は、葉酸受容体αに特異的に結合する抗原結合タンパク質(例えば、抗体及びその抗原結合フラグメント)を使用する、葉酸受容体α発現胃癌の検出、診断、予後、予防、及び治療の方法に関する。
本発明は、葉酸受容体αに対する抗体又はその抗原結合フラグメントを使用した、葉酸受容体α発現胃癌の検出、診断、予後、予防、及び治療の方法、並びにその治療を監視する方法を提供する。これらの方法は、実施例に提示される結果に部分的に基づき、葉酸受容体αが、ある胃癌において発現されること、及び葉酸受容体α発現胃癌の長期疾患安定化が、抗葉酸受容体α抗体の投与によって達成され得ることを示す。
続く説明は、最初に、胃癌における葉酸受容体αの検出及びその治療に適用できる葉酸受容体αに対する抗体の特性を考慮し、次いで、その適用に好ましい抗体の特性に注目する。
抗葉酸受容体α抗体としては、モノクローナル、キメラ(例えば、ヒト定常領域及びマウス可変領域を有する)、ヒト化、ベニヤ化、又はヒト抗体;一本鎖抗体等が挙げられる。免疫グロブリン分子は、任意の型、クラス(例えば、IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD、IgA、及びIgY)、又はサブクラス(例えば、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1、及びIgA2)であり得る。
胃癌における葉酸受容体αの検出のための好ましい抗体は、モノクローナル抗体26B3である。胃癌における葉酸受容体αの検出のための他の好ましい抗体は、葉酸受容体αへの特異的結合のために26B3と拮抗する。胃癌における葉酸受容体αの検出のための他の好ましい抗体は、表1に示される26B3の重鎖からの3つのCDRを含む重鎖と、26B3の軽鎖からの3つのCDRを含む軽鎖とを含む。
治療適用に使用される抗体は、胃癌細胞上の葉酸受容体αに特異的に結合する。例えば、抗体は、
(a)配列番号1(GFTFSGYGLS)をCDRH1として、配列番号2(MISSGGSYTYYADSVKG)をCDRH2として、配列番号3(HGDDPAWFAY)をCDRH3として、配列番号4(SVSSSISSNNLH)をCDRL1として、配列番号5(GTSNLAS)をCDRL2として、及び配列番号6(QQWSSYPYMYT)をCDRL3として含む抗体、又は
(b)MORAb−003抗体と同じエピトープに結合する抗体からなる群から選択される。
いくつかの実施形態において、抗体は、配列番号8のアミノ酸を含む成熟重鎖可変領域を含む。
いくつかの実施形態において、抗体は、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含む成熟軽鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む成熟重鎖可変領域とを含む。そのような抗体の一例は、MORAb−003である。MORAb−003を生成するCHO細胞(USAN:ファルレツズマブ)は、2006年4月24日にATCC(10801 University Boulevard,Manassas,VA 20110)に寄託され、受託番号PTA−7552が割り当てられた。
診断適用についてアッセイされる試料は、外科手順、例えば、生検によって得ることができる。葉酸受容体αは、典型的に、イムノアッセイによって検出され、癌(例えば、胃癌)に由来することが知られているか、又は疑いのある細胞を含有する試料を、抗体又は抗原結合フラグメントと接触させる。接触後、標本中の細胞への抗体又は抗原結合フラグメントの結合事象の存在又は非存在が決定される。結合は、この標本中の癌細胞上で発現した抗原の存在又は非存在に関連する。一般に、試料を、検出可能なシグナルを生成することができる抗葉酸受容体α抗体又は抗原結合フラグメントの標識された特異的結合パートナーと接触させる。代替として、抗葉酸受容体α抗体又はそのフラグメントを標識することができる。標識の型の例としては、酵素標識、放射性同位体標識、非放射活性標識、蛍光標識、毒素標識、及び化学発光標識が挙げられる。標識からのシグナルの検出は、試料中の葉酸受容体αに特異的に結合した抗体又はフラグメントの存在を示す。
胃組織の試料中の葉酸受容体αの発現の検出は、試料が癌性であるという指標である。葉酸受容体αの存在及び/又はレベルによって提供される癌の指標は、医師による患者の内診又は外診、便中の血液をチェックする検便、貧血をチェックする全血球数、生検による食道十二指腸鏡検査、X線、CT走査(コンピュータ断層撮影)、PET走査(陽電子放出断層撮影)、PET/CT走査、超音波、MRI(磁気共鳴映像法)、β−ヒト柔毛膜性生殖腺刺激ホルモン、CA125、及び/又は血液中の癌胎児抗原、内視鏡、腹腔鏡検査、組織学的審査、及び全体診断に到達した際の組織培養等の診断手段と合わせることができる。
これらの方法による治療の影響を受け易い患者は、通常、上記の癌の他の兆候又は症状を伴う胃組織中に検出可能なレベルの葉酸受容体αを有する。胃癌の種々の亜型及び病期は、以下で更に詳述されるように存在する。
本発明は、上記第2部Cに記載されるものに限定されないが、本明細書に開示される抗体及び抗原結合フラグメント(本明細書では集合的に「薬剤」と呼ばれる)により胃癌の治療又は予防の方法を提供する。
本発明は、葉酸受容体α発現胃癌を検出するための上記方法とともに使用するための診断キットを提供する。このキットは、典型的に、上記のような検出に有用な葉酸受容体α(例えば、26B3)に特異的に結合する抗体又はその抗原結合フラグメントを含有する。1つ以上の追加の容器は、アッセイに使用される試薬又は緩衝液等の要素を包んでよい。又は代替として、そのようなキットは、抗体結合の直接又は間接的検出に好適なレポーター基を含有する検出試薬を含有することもできる。
免疫組織化学(IHC)研究を行い、ホルマリンで固定したパラフィン包埋(FFPE)組織試料への結合を決定した。表2は、分析に含まれる組織試料を特定する。特に、他の特定の組織に転移した胃癌の試料(「胃転移」)が挙げられる。例えば、標本#4は、膀胱に転移した胃癌の試料である。FFPE漿液性卵巣癌組織を陽性対照として使用した。MACH4(商標)汎用HRP−ポリマー検出キット(Biocare Medical)を使用し、FRαに対し間接的IHC試験を行った。ホルマリンで固定したパラフィン包埋標本を、正電荷ガラススライド上で5ミクロンに切片化し、約60分間60℃で加熱した。スライドをキシレンの3連続浴中でそれぞれ3分間脱パラフィン化し、100%アルコールの3連続浴にそれぞれ3分間、続いて95%アルコールの3連続浴にそれぞれ3分間移し、次いで脱イオン化(DI)水中で5分間洗浄した。次いで、調製試料を、DI水中で1:10に希釈したDiva熱誘導型エピトープ賦活液(Biocare Medical)で前処置し、500mlのDI水を既に充填した加圧脱クローキングチャンバ内に配置した。脱クローキングチャンバ内で試料を15分間インキュベートし、加圧インキュベーションは、0.11MPa(16PSI)で30秒間、最大125℃に到達した後、15分間95℃に冷却した。次いで、スライドを室温で15分間冷却した。冷却後、スライドをトリス緩衝生理食塩水/0.1% Tween−20(登録商標)洗浄緩衝液(TBST)の3連続浴中でそれぞれ3分間洗浄した。全ての後次緩衝液洗浄もこのように行った。次いで、スライドを、ペルオキシダーゼ−1(Biocare Medical)ブロッキング液中、室温で5分間ブロックし、TBSTで洗浄した後、Background Sniper(Biocare Medical)無血清汎用ブロッキング試薬を10分間室温で適用した。試料をブロックした後、抗体希釈液(Dako)中に希釈された2.5μg/mLの26B3抗体、又は汎用陰性対照−マウスのすぐに使える陰性対照抗体(Dako、陰性アイソタイプ組織用)で60分間室温でスライドをインキュベートした。次いで、スライドをTBSTで洗浄し、MACH4(商標)マウスプローブ一次抗体エンハンサー(Biocare Medical MACH4(商標)キットで提供される)で15分間室温でインキュベートした。次いで、スライドをTBSTで再度洗浄し、ポリマー−HRP試薬(Biocare Medical MACH4(商標)キットで提供される)で20分間室温でインキュベートした。インキュベーションに続いて、スライドをTBSTで洗浄し、3,3’−ジアミノベンジジンテトラヒドロクロリド(DAB)溶液(Dako)で5分間室温でインキュベートした。次いで、スライドをDI水で3回、それぞれ30〜60秒間完全に洗浄し、ヘマトキシリン(Dako)で2分間対比染色し、TBSTで洗浄し、95%及び100%アルコールそれぞれの3連続浴中でそれぞれ30秒間脱水し、キシレンの3連続浴中でそれぞれ30秒間清浄した。最後に、分析前にカバースリップをスライドに適用した。FRAの発現を、免疫組織化学染色の半定量的スコアリングにより分析した。結果は表2に示される。
ファルレツズマブは、葉酸受容体α(FRA)に対して配向されたヒト化モノクローナル抗体である。FRA発現ヒト卵巣癌細胞株の抗体依存性細胞毒性(ADCC)及び補体依存性細胞毒性(CDC)を介して主要細胞毒性をインビトロで媒介すること、及び異種移植モデルにおけるFRA発現ヒト卵巣癌細胞中の腫瘍成長をインビボで低減することが示された(Ebel et al.(2007)Cancer Immun 7:6)。FRAの発現は、胃癌の40%であることが報告されている。
Claims (6)
- 葉酸受容体αに特異的に結合し、かつ配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1(CDRH1)、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR2(CDRH2)、及び配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR3(CDRH3)と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1(CDRL1)、配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2(CDRL2)、及び配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR3(CDRL3)とを含む抗体
を含有する、葉酸受容体α発現胃癌を治療するための組成物。 - 前記抗体が、静脈内投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、週1回投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、約50mg/m2〜約400mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、約400mg/m2の投与量で投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、ファルレツズマブ(farletuzumab)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
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US20170121405A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
BR112014028306A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
CL2014003088A1 (es) | 2015-06-26 |
US10221240B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
JP2015518824A (ja) | 2015-07-06 |
MX362497B (es) | 2019-01-21 |
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