JP6010970B2 - 硬化性樹脂組成物およびそれを用いてなる塗料および樹脂被覆金属板 - Google Patents
硬化性樹脂組成物およびそれを用いてなる塗料および樹脂被覆金属板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6010970B2 JP6010970B2 JP2012077305A JP2012077305A JP6010970B2 JP 6010970 B2 JP6010970 B2 JP 6010970B2 JP 2012077305 A JP2012077305 A JP 2012077305A JP 2012077305 A JP2012077305 A JP 2012077305A JP 6010970 B2 JP6010970 B2 JP 6010970B2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Landscapes
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
しかし、アクリル樹脂等に対し、アミノ樹脂を硬化剤として用いた場合には、その塗膜が酸性雨に弱く、耐レトルト性が悪いという欠点をもっている。また、アミノ樹脂は硬化時に、脱離基であるアルコールやホルマリンが揮発し、炉内を汚染するという問題があった。さらに、ホルマリンは、外因性内分泌攪乱化学物質( 環境ホルモン) の疑いがあるとされホルマリン発生懸念のない塗料の開発が急務となっている(特許文献1)。また、アクリル樹脂等に対し、イソシアネート基を有する化合物を硬化剤として用いる場合には、2液型で使うか、又はイソシアネート基をブロック化したものを使う必要がある。前者は、使用前に主剤たるアクリル樹脂等と硬化剤とを混合してから用いるが、混合後の可使時間が比較的短いという問題があり、使い難いという欠点を持っている。一方、後者、即ちブロック化イソシアネートを用いる場合、一般にブロック化剤の解離温度が高いので塗膜硬化の際に多大な熱エネルギーを必要とし、省エネルギーの点から難があり、また硬化時に解離したブロック化剤が炉内を汚したりするという問題があった。さらに、イソシアネート基を有する化合物は、飲食料用の缶を被覆するための塗料には密着性、黄変性の観点から不適であるという問題もある。(特許文献2)
一般式(1)
(式中 X1は3価の置換基を有してもよい複素環基を表し、−NHCOO−、R 2はラクトン環である1価の有機置換基、nは3である)
また、本発明は、樹脂(A)が、酸価10〜200mgKOH/gを有することを特徴とする上記硬化性樹脂組成物に関する。
また、本発明は、樹脂(A)が、水酸価10〜200mgKOH/gを有することを特徴とする上記硬化性樹脂組成物に関する。
また、本発明は、樹脂(A)100重量部に対して、さらに、樹脂(A)に含有される水酸基及び/又はカルボキシル基、及び/又は四員環以上の環状構造を2つ以上有する化合物(B)に含有される環状構造の反応性官能基と反応し得る反応性官能基を有する反応性化合物(D)を0.1〜50重量部含んでなることを特徴とする上記硬化性樹脂組成物に関する。
さらに、本発明は、上記缶外面被覆用硬化性製罐塗料が金属基体上に被覆層として少なくとも一層形成されていることを特徴とする樹脂被覆金属板に関する。
くわえて本発明は、上記樹脂被覆金属板から形成されることを特徴とする缶に関する。
また、上記硬化性樹脂組成物を用いた缶外面被覆用硬化性製罐塗料および金属基体上に被覆層として少なくとも一層形成されていることを特徴とする樹脂被覆金属板および缶を提供することができる。
樹脂(A)は、水酸基及び/又はカルボキシル基を有する。より好ましくは、カルボキシル基を有する。
酸価、あるいは水酸基価の双方が、それぞれ10未満であると化合物(B)の反応基との架橋反応が少なくなるため、硬度が得られない場合や、相溶性が悪化し塗膜が濁る場合があり、好ましくない。また、酸価、あるいは水酸基価が200を超えると、溶剤や化合物(B)に対する溶解性が低下し塗膜が濁る場合があることや、架橋密度が高くなり、密着性が低下してしまう場合があるため、好ましくない。
エチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、エチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル等のエーテル系溶剤;
酢酸エチル、メトキシプロピルアセテ−トと等のエステル系溶剤、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン系溶剤;
キシレン、トルエン等の石油系溶剤などの溶剤の存在下で重合させるのが好ましい。ラジカル重合温度は60〜120℃の範囲が好ましく、重合時間は5〜12時間が好ましい。
及び、(メタ)アクリロニトリル等のニトリル類;
t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、t−ブチルパーオキシアセテート、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(ベンゾイルパーオキシ)ヘキサンなどのパーオキシエステル類;
シクロヘキサノンパーオキサイド、3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサノンパーオキサイド、メチルシクロヘキサノンパーオキサイドなどのケトンパーオキサイド類;
2,2−ビス(4,4−ジ−t−ブチルパーオキシシクロヘキシル)プロパン、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、n−ブチル−4,4−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)バレート、などのパーオキシケタール類;
クメンヒドロパーオキサイド、ジイソプロピルベンゼンハイドロパーオキサイド、2,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサン−2,5−ジハイドロパーオキサイドなどのハイドロパーオキサイド類;
ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、デカノイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、2,4−ジクロロベンゾイルパーオキサイドなどのジアシルパーオキサイド類;
ビス(t−ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネートなどのパーオキシジカーボネート類などの有機過酸化物、又はこれらの混合物があげられる。
2,2’−アゾビス(4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)、2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)などの2,2’−アゾビスバレロニトリル類;
2,2’−アゾビス(2−ヒドロキシメチルプロピオニトリル)などの2,2’−アゾビスプロピオニトリル類;
1,1’−アゾビス(シクロヘキサン−1−カルボニトリル)などの1,1’−アゾビス−1−アルカンニトリル類などが使用できる。
ところで、硬化性樹脂組成物の場合、主成分たる樹脂(A)に対し、後述の化合物(B)を配合することが一般的である。このような硬化性樹脂組成物から形成される塗布層は、緻密に架橋される硬化塗膜となり、塗布層のTgは、架橋後のTgが架橋前と大幅に異なるため、DSC測定(示差走査熱量測定)や動的粘弾性測定により求めることが好ましい。後述の金属板との密着性と塗膜硬度のバランスを維持するためには、架橋塗膜のTgを制御することが必要であり、そのためには、樹脂(A)のTgを−20〜70℃、より好ましくは0〜40℃の樹脂(A)を形成し得るように樹脂(A)を構成するエチレン性不飽和単量体選択することが好ましい。樹脂(A)のTgが−20℃未満の場合、硬化性樹脂組成物を用いて得られる塗布層の凝集力が低下し、硬度が低下したり、浮き剥がれが生じやすくなる場合がある。一方、Tgが70℃を超えると、金属板との密着性が十分得ることができない場合がある。
二個以上の酸素原子を有する四員環以上の環状構造の含有量(%)=(R2の式量×n/((X1の式量)+(R1の式量×n)+(R2の式量×n))×100
例えば、カルボキシル基、あるいは水酸基を極性官能基として含有する単一環状ラクトンを用いて、含有するカルボキシル基、あるいは水酸基と反応しうる他の化合物と反応させることで、化合物(b−1)を作成することが可能である。具体的な反応としては、ウレタン化、エーテル化、エステル化、カーボネート化等公知の方法で製造することが可能である。
また、上記多官能のイソシアネート類のビウレット、ウレトジオン、イソシアヌレート、アダクト体、も挙げられる。
オニウム塩(C)は、樹脂(A)中の水酸基及び/又はカルボキシル基と化合物(B)とのとの反応性を向上させることを目的として用いられる。これにより、硬化時間の短縮や、硬化温度を下げることが可能となる。
これらは、1種だけを用いてもよいし、あるいは、複数種を併用してもよい。
ワックスとしては、例えば、カルナバワックス、ラノリンワックス、パーム油、キャンデリラワックス、ライスワックス等の動植物系ワックス、パラフィンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックス、ペトロラタム等の石油系ワックス、ポリオレフィンワックス、テフロン(登録商標)ワックス等の合成ワックス等が好適に用いられる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、塗装した後、加熱硬化工程(焼き付け工程ともいう。以下、焼き付け工程と称する)を経ることで硬化させる。焼き付けの条件としては、150℃〜280℃の温度で10秒〜30分間焼き付けることが望ましい。
Mwの測定は、東ソー株式会社製GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)「HPC−8020」を用いた。GPCは溶媒(THF;テトラヒドロフラン)に溶解した物質をその分子サイズの差によって分離定量する液体クロマトグラフィーであり、重量平均分子量(Mw)の決定はポリスチレン換算で行った。
撹拌機、還流冷却管、窒素導入管、温度計、滴下ロートを備えた4口フラスコにメトキシプロピルアセテート150部を仕込み、窒素置換下で100℃まで加熱した後、アクリル酸6部、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート20部、メチルメタクリレート32部、n−ブチルアクリレート42部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル1.51部を2時間かけて滴下し重合反応を開始した。滴下終了後1時間後から1時間おきに3時間後までそれぞれアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.08部を添加し、更に1時間重合反応を行った。その後、冷却を行い、重合反応を終了させ、アクリル樹脂(A−1)を得た。樹脂酸価は47mgKOH/g、水酸価は86mgKOH/g重量平均分子量Mwは25000であった。
表1に示す組成にて合成例1と同様の方法で合成を行い、アクリル系樹脂(A−2)〜(A−6)、比較合成例(比較A−1)〜(比較A−3)を作成した。
合成例7 攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却器、ガス導入管を備えた反応容器に、イソホロンジイソシアネートのイソシアヌレート体37.8部、メバロラクトン22.2部を入れ、窒素気流下、80℃で加熱して反応を開始した。3時間後赤外吸収スペクトル(PerkinElmer社製のSpectrum One)(以下、IRと称す)にて2260cm−1付近のNCOピークの消失を確認して、反応を終了した。反応液を取り出して化合物(b−1−1)を得た。二個以上の酸素原子を有する四員環以上の環状構造の含有量は31%であった。
攪拌機、温度計、滴下装置、還流冷却器、ガス導入管を備えた反応容器に、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量144)28.8部、トリフェニルホスフィン3.9部、塩化アルミニウム0.33部を仕込み、80℃で攪拌しながら二酸化炭素を吹き込み続けて、反応を開始した。24時間後、1H−NMRでエポキシ基が消失していることを確認し、反応を終了した。これにトルエン50部を加え、水洗して取り出し、化合物(b−2−5)を得た。二個以上の酸素原子を有する四員環以上の環状構造の含有量は53.8%であった。
酸素濃度が10%以下に置換された遮光された500ccのマヨネーズ瓶に、樹脂(A)、二個以上の酸素原子を有する四員環以上の環状構造を2つ以上有する化合物(B)、及びオニウム塩(C)、反応性化合物(D)を表2に示す比率で仕込み(樹脂(A)を100重量部とする)、エアモーターにて十分に攪拌を行い、十分に脱泡を行った後、表2の配合例に示す硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。尚、表2中、実施例1〜3、5〜15は、いずれも参考例を表す。
b−2−1:合成例8にて作成した化合物(B)
b−2−2:合成例9にて作成した化合物(B)
b−2−3:合成例10にて作成した化合物(B)
b−2−4:合成例11にて作成した化合物(B)
b−2−5:合成例12にて作成した化合物(B)
c−1−1:テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド
c−1−2:テトラ(n−ブチル)アンモニウムヒドロキシド
c−3−1:p−トルエンスルホン酸ナトリウム
d−2−1:2,2−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)−1−ブタノールの1,2−エポキシ−4−(2−オキシラニル)シクロヘキサン付加物
d−3−1:1,4‐ビス[(3‐エチル‐3‐オキセタニル)メトキシメチル]ベンゼン
d−1−1:3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン
d−4−1:N,N,N‘,N’−テトラキス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アジピンアミド
比較例についても実施例と同様の方法で仕込み表3の配合例に示す硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。
実施例4、参考例1〜3、5〜15、比較例1〜10で得た各硬化性樹脂組成物を用い、アルミ板にバーコーター#18で塗工し、ガスオーブンを用い雰囲気温度200℃で4分間焼き付け、評価用テストパネルを得て、以下のようにして塗膜の性能を評価した。結果を表4、及び5に示す。尚、表4中、実施例1〜3、5〜15は、いずれも参考例を表す。
各評価の方法を以下に説明する。尚、○以上を実用上問題ないレベルとするが、△が1〜2個含まれる場合も実用上問題ない。×は実用上不可レベルである。
○:問題なし。
△:ややブツあるいは発泡あり。
×:著しくブツあるいは発泡あり。
◎:200回以上。
○:100回以上200回未満。
△:50回以上100回未満。
×:50回未満
◎:3H以上
○:2H以上
△:H以上
×:H未満
◎:0個
○:1〜5個
△:6〜39個
×:40個以上
◎ :1.5mA未満
○ :1.5mA以上〜5.0mA未満
△ :5.0mA以上〜15.0mA未満
× :15.0mA以上
目視評価
○:問題なし
△:やや白化および微量のブツ発生。
×:著しく白化、ブツ発生
セロハン粘着テープ剥離評価
○:全く剥離なし
△:少し剥離
×:著しく剥離
○:問題なし
△:やや白化
×:著しく白化
一方、表5に示した比較例1〜10においては、化合物(B)を用いない比較例1および3では、樹脂の硬化が進行しておらず、硬度や、硬化性が満足できるものではない。また、比較例2のオニウム塩(C)を用いない系では、化合物(B)の硬化の進行が遅く、硬化性が得られていないことから触媒効果が確認された。また、比較例8〜10より、樹脂(A)と化合物(B)との架橋を進行させ相溶性を向上させることが重要であることがわかる。
Claims (9)
- 化合物(B)に含有される二個以上の酸素原子を有する四員環以上の環状構造の含有量が式量換算にて化合物(B)全体の式量に対して25〜70%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 樹脂(A)が、酸価10〜200mgKOH/gを有することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 樹脂(A)が、水酸価10〜200mgKOH/gを有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3いずれか記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- オニウム塩(C)がアンモニウム塩、ホスホニウム塩、スルホニウム塩からなる群より選択される1種以上の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4いずれか記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 樹脂(A)100重量部に対して、さらに、樹脂(A)に含有される水酸基及び/又はカルボキシル基、及び/又は四員環以上の環状構造を2つ以上有する化合物(B)に含有される環状構造の反応性官能基と反応し得る反応性官能基を有する反応性化合物(D)を0.1〜50重量部含んでなることを特徴とする請求項1〜5いずれか記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜6の何れかに記載の硬化性樹脂組成物からなる缶外面被覆用の缶外面被覆用硬化性製罐塗料。
- 請求項7記載の缶外面被覆用硬化性製罐塗料が金属基体上に被覆層として少なくとも一層形成されていることを特徴とする樹脂被覆金属板。
- 請求項8記載の樹脂被覆金属板から形成されることを特徴とする缶。
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