JP6087047B2 - シリコン又はシリコンベースの材料で構成される構造化粒子の製造方法及びリチウム蓄電池におけるそれらの使用 - Google Patents
シリコン又はシリコンベースの材料で構成される構造化粒子の製造方法及びリチウム蓄電池におけるそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 91
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100136092 Drosophila melanogaster peng gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016703 F—Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018116 Li 21 Si 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008284 Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011855 lithium-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
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Description
第1段階において、ノルウェーのElkemの「Silgrain」のような、広く利用可能である冶金等級のシリコンを細かく砕き、ふるい分けし、10〜1000μm、好ましくは30〜300μm及びより好ましくは50〜100μmの範囲の粒子を製造した。
第2段階は、大きい粒子に刺さった微細な粒子を全て除去するための、粉砕されふるい分けされた粒子の水中での洗浄を含んだ。次いで、存在し得る有機又は金属不純物を除くため、洗浄された粒子を希HNO3(1mol・L)又はH2SO4/H2O2(体積比1:2)又はH2O2/NH3H2O/H2O2(体積比1:1:1)中で10分間処理した。
第3段階において、17.5ml HF(40%)+20ml AgNO3(0.06mol/l)+2.5ml EtOH(97.5%)+10ml H2Oの溶液中で、7〜10分間、室温(〜23℃)で、約400×300×200μmの寸法のシリコン粒子0.1gを用いて、核形成反応を行った。同じ重量のシリコンでより小さいシリコン粒子のためには、増大した表面積対体積比のために、より大きい溶液体積が必要である。
第4段階はエッチングを含む。エッチング反応は、1〜1.5時間、室温(〜23℃)で17.5ml HF(40%)+12.5ml Fe(NO3)3(0.06mol・l)+2ml AgNO3(0.06mol・l)+18ml H2Oの溶液を用いて、約400×300×200μmの寸法を有するシリコン粒子0.1gを用いた。同じ重量のシリコンでより小さいシリコン粒子のためには、増大した表面積対体積比のために、より大きい溶液体積が必要である。さらに、粒子サイズが減少したとき、より小さいシリコン粒子のためにはより短い時間が必要であり、例えば、100〜120μm(篩いサイズ)サンプルのためには30分、63〜80μmサンプルのためには20分が必要である。
プロセスの最終段階は、第3及び第4段階のエッチングされたシリコン粒子上に残された銀を除去することを含む。銀は15%のHNO3の溶液を5〜10分間用いて除去(及び回収)した。
Claims (36)
- シリコンを含み、粒子核及びそれらから伸長した複数のシリコン含有ピラーを有する粒子をその活物質の一つとして含む電極であり、
前記電極が、多孔性構造を有する複合フィルム電極であり、
前記複合フィルム電極がさらに、ポリマーバインダ及び/又は導電性添加物を含む電極。 - 前記シリコン含有ピラーが細長い又は長い薄いピラーである、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記複数のシリコン含有ピラーが規則的なアレイを形成する、請求項1又は2に記載の電極。
- 前記複数のシリコン含有ピラーが不規則的なアレイを形成する、請求項1又は2に記載の電極。
- 前記ピラーが0.08から0.70ミクロンの範囲の直径を有する、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記ピラーが、4から100ミクロンの範囲の長さを有する、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記ピラーが非円形の断面を有する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子及び/又はピラーが、ドープされていないシリコン、ドープされたシリコン、シリコンの合金又はシリコンゲルマニウム混合物を含む、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子及び/又はピラーがn型又はp型のシリコンを含む、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記シリコンの純度が、90.00から99.95質量%である、請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子が金属グレードシリコンである、請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子が規則的断面を有する、請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子が不規則な断面を有する、請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子が10μmから1mmの直径を有する、請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子が20μmから150μmの直径を有する、請求項14に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子核が単結晶又は多結晶である、請求項1乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記ピラーが単結晶である、請求項1乃至16のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- ピラーによって占められた前記粒子核の表面積の割合が、0.1から0.50である、請求項1乃至17のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- ピラーによって占められた前記粒子核の表面積の割合が、0.20から0.40である、請求項18に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子の抵抗値が0.001から100Ωcmである、請求項1乃至19のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記多孔性構造を有する複合フィルム電極は、百分率孔体積が10から30%である、請求項1乃至20のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記粒子が前記複合フィルム電極の70から95質量%である、請求項1乃至21のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 銅を集電体として用いる、請求項1乃至22のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記電極がアノードである、請求項1乃至23のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 請求項1乃至24のいずれか1項に記載の電極を含む、電気化学的セル。
- 前記電気化学的セルが、リチウムイオンを放出及び再吸収できるリチウム含有化合物をその活物質として含むカソードを含む、請求項25に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 前記カソードが、リチウムベースの金属酸化物、硫化物又はホスフェートをその活物質として含む、請求項26に記載の電気化学的セル。
- 請求項1乃至24の何れか1項で定義された電極を含む、リチウム蓄電式セルのアノード。
- 請求項28に記載のアノード、及びカソードを含むセル。
- 前記カソードがリチウムベースの金属酸化物を含む、請求項29に記載のセル。
- 前記カソードがコバルト酸リチウムを含む、請求項30に記載のセル。
- 請求項25乃至27又は請求項29乃至31の何れか1項に記載のセルによって駆動されるデバイス。
- 請求項1乃至24の何れか1項に記載された電極を作製する方法であって、
粒子核、及び、それらから伸長したシリコン含有ピラーのアレイを有する粒子を含み、さらにポリマーバインダ及び/又は導電性添加物を含む、溶剤を基剤にしたスラリーを調製する工程と、
該スラリーを集電体に塗布する工程と、
該溶剤を蒸発させて多孔性構造を有する複合フィルムを作製する工程とを含む方法。 - リチウム蓄電式セルを製造する方法であって、
請求項33に記載の方法によってアノードを作製する工程と、
カソード及び電解質を加える工程を含む、方法。 - 前記カソードと前記アノードの間にセパレーターを加えることをさらに含む、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記セルの周りにケースを設ける、請求項34又は35に記載の方法。
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