JP6071690B2 - 太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6071690B2 JP6071690B2 JP2013064969A JP2013064969A JP6071690B2 JP 6071690 B2 JP6071690 B2 JP 6071690B2 JP 2013064969 A JP2013064969 A JP 2013064969A JP 2013064969 A JP2013064969 A JP 2013064969A JP 6071690 B2 JP6071690 B2 JP 6071690B2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910016001 MoSe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 chalcopyrite compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003363 ZnMgO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical class [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
実施形態の太陽電池は、裏面電極1上に第1の太陽電池セル2と、第2の太陽電池セル4を積層したタンデム型構造を有し、第1の太陽電池セル2と第2の太陽電池セル4の間に中間層3を有する。第2の太陽電池セル4上には、透明電極5を有する。明細書中のp、n、iは導電型を表し、iはドーパントを含まない形態とp型とn型のドーパントを等量含む形態の両方が含まれる。シリコンの結晶性は結晶をc、アモルファスをaで表す。
また、中間層3のグラフェン層3Dは、導電性(低抵抗性)の材料である。このグラフェンも太陽電池セルと良好なコンタクトを形成する。なお、グラフェン層3Dを有する太陽電池の一例は、図14の概念図に示される。
実施形態の透明電極5には、ZnO、ITO(indium tin oxide)やFTO(fluorine doped tin oxide)等を用いることができる。
なお、図示した他にも、中間層3のn層としてグラフェング層を使用することも可能である。また、取り出し電極や反射防止膜等の太陽電池に用いられる構成を太陽電池に備えても良い。実施形態の太陽電池を複数並べた太陽電池モジュールに用いることができる。また、太陽電池モジュールは、パワーコンディショナなどの変換装置を用いた太陽電池システムとして用いることができる。
(実施例1)
図11に示す太陽電池について説明する。
図11に示す太陽電池は、ボトムセルである第1の太陽電池セル2は、単結晶p型アモルファスSi層(cSi)2Dの表面にノンドープのアモルファスSi層(i(aSi))2Eとn型アモルファスSi層(n(aSi))2Bを順次堆積して作製するpin構造である。i(aSi)層2Eおよびn(aSi)層2BはPE−CVD法で形成する。i(aSi)層2Eを挿入する理由は、結晶Si表面の欠陥による再結合を抑制するためである。
本実施形態に示されるように、適切な中間層を用いることで逆起電力の発生を抑えられ、高効率かつ低コストな、SiとI−III−VI2族化合物からなる太陽電池が得られる。
図12に示す太陽電池について説明する。
図2に示す太陽電池は、トップセルである第2の太陽電池セル4の構成以外の、ボトムセルである第1の太陽電池セル2および中間層3の構造は、実施例1と同一である。
第2の太陽電池セル4には、I2−II−IV−VI4族化合物のCu2ZnGeSexS4−x太陽電池を用いる。中間層3表面のp+(aSi)層3B上にp型Cu2ZnGeSexS4−x層を堆積して、表面を液相ドープ法でn型化して、p−Cu2ZnGeSexS4−x層4Aとn−Cu2ZnGeSexS4−x層4Bのpn構造を形成する。ここで、p−Cu2ZnGeSexS4−x層は、Cu2ZnGe層をスパッタ法で形成して、水素化セレンガス雰囲気中と硫化水素ガス雰囲気中でSe化および硫化して形成する。
本実施形態に示されるように、適切な中間層を用いることで逆起電力の発生を抑えられ、高効率かつ低コストな、SiとI2−II−IV−VI4族化合物からなる太陽電池が得られる。
図13に示す太陽電池について説明する。
実施例3の太陽電池の構造は、中間層3の構成以外の、ボトムセルである第1の太陽電池2およびトップセルである第2の太陽電池セル4構造は、実施例1と同一である。
中間層3は、第1の太陽電池セル2表面のn(aSi)層2B上に、n+(aSi)層3A、さらにn+(aSi)層3A上にMoSe2層3Cを順次堆積して形成する。n+(aSi)層3AとMoSe2層3Cの各層の厚さはn+(aSi)層3Aが20nm、MoSe2層3Cが10nmである。ドーピング濃度はn+(aSi)層3Aが1×1020/cm3である。
本実施形態に示されるように、適切な中間層を用いることで逆起電力の発生を抑えられ、高効率かつ低コストな、SiとI−III−VI2族化合物からなる太陽電池が得られる。
実施例4の太陽電池の構成は、中間層3の金属化合物薄膜(金属・VI族元素化合物層)に種々の化合物を用いること以外の、ボトムセルである第1の太陽電池2およびトップセルである第2の太陽電池セル4構造は、実施例3と同様である。
中間層3として金属・VI族元素化合物層/n+Si層構造(金属M:Nb,Mo,Pd,Ta,W,Pt VI族元素:S,Se,Te)を具体化した例である。
本実施形態に示されるように、適切な中間層を用いることで逆起電力の発生を抑えられ、高効率かつ低コストな、SiとI−III−VI2族化合物からなる太陽電池が得られる。
実施例5の太陽電池の構成は、図14の概念図に示すものであって、図13に示す中間層3の構成以外の、ボトムセルである第1の太陽電池2およびトップセルである第2の太陽電池セル4構造は、実施例3と同様である。
中間層3は、第1の太陽電池セル2表面のn(aSi)層2B上に、n+(aSi)層3A、グラフェン層3Dを順次堆積して形成する。n+(aSi)層3Aとグラフェン層3Dの各層の厚さはn+(aSi)層3Aが20nmであり、グラフェン層3Dが2nmである。ドーピング濃度はn+(aSi)層3Aが1×1020/cm3である。
実施例5のタンデム型の太陽電池に1sunの疑似太陽光の照射に対して、Vocが1.8Vで、変換効率28%が得られる。
本実施形態に示されるように、適切な中間層を用いることで逆起電力の発生を抑えられ、高効率かつ低コストな、SiとI−III−VI2族化合物からなる太陽電池が得られる。
Claims (7)
- Si層を光吸収層として含む第1の太陽電池セルと、I−III−VI2族化合物層又はI2−II−IV−VI4族化合物層を光吸収層として含む第2の太陽電池セルとを積層してなり、
前記第1と第2の太陽電池セルの間に、n+型Si層と金属化合物層を含む中間層、又は、n+型Si層とグラフェン層を含む中間層を有する太陽電池(但し、前記金属化合物層は、MXで表され、前記MはNb、Mo、Pd、Ta,WとPtの中から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、前記XはS、SeとTeの中から選ばれる1種以上の元素)。 - 前記第1の太陽電池セルはn層及びp層を有し、前記n+型Si層は前記第1の太陽電池セルのn層側に設けられ、前記第2の太陽電池セルはn層及びp層を有し、前記金属化合物層又は前記グラフェン層は前記第2の太陽電池セルのp層側に設けられている請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記n+型Si層のドーピング濃度は、1019/cm3以上1021/cm3以下である請求項1又は2に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記中間層の厚さは、5nm以上50nm以下である請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記中間層の厚さは、5nm以上20nm以下である請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記第1の太陽電池セルは、p型アモルファスSi層と、i型アモルファスSi層と、結晶Si層と、i型アモルファスSi層と、n型アモルファスSiとを順に積層した構造である請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記中間層は、n+型Si層と金属化合物層を積層させた中間層、又は、n+型Si層とグラフェン層を積層させた中間層であり、
前記第1の太陽電池セルはn層及びp層を有し、前記n+型Si層は前記第1の太陽電池セルのn層と接し、前記第2の太陽電池セルはn層及びp層を有し、前記金属化合物層又は前記グラフェン層は前記第2の太陽電池セルのp層と接する請求項1、3乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池。
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