JP5992537B2 - ハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え制御装置 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5992537B2 JP5992537B2 JP2014551034A JP2014551034A JP5992537B2 JP 5992537 B2 JP5992537 B2 JP 5992537B2 JP 2014551034 A JP2014551034 A JP 2014551034A JP 2014551034 A JP2014551034 A JP 2014551034A JP 5992537 B2 JP5992537 B2 JP 5992537B2
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- engine
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Description
このハイブリッド車両は、一方の動力源であるエンジンが無段変速機およびクラッチを順次介して車輪に切り離し可能に駆動結合され、他方の動力源である電動モータが当該車輪に常時結合された型式のものである。
よってEV→HEVモード切り替えに際して行うクラッチの締結は、クラッチの入出力回転段差が大きい状態で開始され、大きなクラッチ締結ショック(EV→HEVモード切り替えショック)を発生する傾向にある。
クラッチの入出力回転段差を小さくするために行う変速制御に際しては、変速機がエンジン駆動されるオイルポンプからのオイルが不可欠であることから、エンジンが運転されている必要があり、エンジン始動後のエンジン運転状態になってからクラッチを締結することとなる。
かように始動後のエンジン運転状態では、クラッチの入力側にエンジンの大きなトルクが入力され、EV走行中は小さな電動モータトルク程度の値であるクラッチの出力側トルクとの間に大きなトルク段差が発生するのを避けられない。
かといって当該ショック対策のためにクラッチの締結速度を遅くすると、クラッチの締結完了までに長時間を要し、EV→HEVモード切り替え応答が悪くなって、この悪くなった大きな応答遅れの間HEVモードで要求される駆動力が得らないという問題を生ずる。
動力源としてエンジンのほかに電動モータを具え、前記エンジンが、該エンジンにより駆動されるポンプからのオイルを作動媒体とする変速機を介し車輪に駆動結合されており、これら変速機および車輪間が変速機内のクラッチにより切り離し可能であって、該クラッチを解放すると共に前記エンジンを停止させることにより前記電動モータのみにより走行される電気走行モードを選択可能であるほか、前記エンジンを始動させると共に前記クラッチを締結することにより前記電動モータおよびエンジンにより走行されるハイブリッド走行モードを選択可能なハイブリッド車両であって、該ハイブリッド車両が、前記エンジンのクランクシャフトに駆動結合して実装されるオルタネータを、力行も可能なモータ/ジェネレータに置き換えられ、該モータ/ジェネレータまたは既存のスタータモータにより前記エンジンを始動し得るよう構成したものである。
設定車速未満の低車速域では前記既存のスタータモータにより前記エンジン始動を行い、前記設定車速以上の高車速域では前記モータ/ジェネレータにより前記エンジン始動を行うよう構成した点に特徴づけられる。
エンジンの始動およびクラッチの締結により行う電気走行モードからハイブリッド走行モードへのモード切り替えに際し、エンジンが自立運転を開始するよりも前のエンジン始動中であって、該エンジン始動に伴って低下する上記クラッチの入出力回転段差が0となる前から当該クラッチの締結を行うため、
当該クラッチの締結時はエンジンが自立運転前の始動中で、大きなエンジントルクがクラッチに入力されることがなくてクラッチ入力トルクが小さく、電気走行モードでの走行中は小さな電動モータトルク程度の値であるクラッチの出力側トルクとの間に大きなトルク段差を生ずることがない。
よって、上記のモード切り替えに際して行うべきクラッチの締結を、ショック上問題にならない程度の小さなクラッチ入出力トルク段差および入出力回転段差のもとで行い得ることとなり、クラッチの締結ショック(EV→HEVモード切り替えショック)を確実に軽減させることができる。
従って当該ショック対策のために特にクラッチの締結速度を遅くする必要がなく、クラッチの締結完了までの時間を短縮し得て、EV→HEVモード切り替え(HEV走行への移行)が速やかに完遂され、ハイブリッド走行モードでの要求駆動力を高応答に実現することができる。
つまり、スタータモータによるエンジン始動だと低いクランキング回転数故に、高車速域でエンジン駆動されるポンプからのオイルが不足して上記クラッチがこれよりもエンジン側の回転数を車速対応値まで上昇させ得る程に締結されず、クラッチがスリップにより耐久性を損なわれる。
しかし本発明は、設定車速以上の高車速域である場合、スタータモータの代わりに高回転を旨とする上記モータ/ジェネレータによりエンジン始動を行うよう構成したため、高車速域でも確実にクラッチが、これよりもエンジン側の回転数を車速対応値まで上昇させ得る程に締結されるのを保証することができ、上記クラッチの耐久性に関する問題を解消可能である。
1a モータ/ジェネレータ
1b エアコンディショナ用コンプレッサ
2 電動モータ(動力源)
3 スタータモータ
4 Vベルト式無段変速機
5 駆動車輪
6 プライマリプーリ
7 セカンダリプーリ
8 Vベルト
CVT 無段変速機構
T/C トルクコンバータ
CL 変速機クラッチ(クラッチ)
9,11 ファイナルギヤ組
12 バッテリ
13 インバータ
14 ブレーキディスク
15 キャリパ
16 ブレーキペダル
17 負圧式ブレーキブースタ
18 マスターシリンダ
19 アクセルペダル
21 ハイブリッドコントローラ
22 エンジンコントローラ
23 モータコントローラ
24 変速機コントローラ
25 バッテリコントローラ
26 ブレーキスイッチ
27 アクセル開度センサ
28 プライマリプーリ回転センサ
29 セカンダリプーリ回転センサ
O/P オイルポンプ
30 バッテリ蓄電状態センサ
31 副変速機
H/C ハイクラッチ
R/B リバースブレーキ
L/B ローブレーキ
32 車速センサ
33 車両加速度センサ
35 ライン圧ソレノイド
36 ロックアップソレノイド
37 プライマリプーリ圧ソレノイド
38 ローブレーキ圧ソレノイド
39 ハイクラッチ圧&リバースブレーキ圧ソレノイド
41 スイッチバルブ
図1は、本発明の一実施例になるモード切り替え制御装置を具えたハイブリッド車両の駆動系およびその全体制御システムを示す概略系統図である。
モータ/ジェネレータ1aは、エンジンクランクシャフトに駆動結合して実装される通常のオルタネータ(発電機)を、力行も可能となるよう置き換えたもので、アイドルストップ後にエンジン1を再始動するときや、エンジン運転中に必要に応じて該エンジン1のトルクアシストを行うときに用いる。
上記エンジン1は、Vベルト式無段変速機4を介して駆動車輪5に適宜切り離し可能に駆動結合し、Vベルト式無段変速機4は、概略を以下に説明するようなものとする。
プライマリプーリ6はロックアップ式トルクコンバータT/Cを介してエンジン1のクランクシャフトに結合し、セカンダリプーリ7は変速機クラッチCL(本発明におけるクラッチに相当)およびファイナルギヤ組9を順次介して駆動車輪5に結合する。
逆にプライマリプーリ6のプーリV溝幅を大きくしつつ、セカンダリプーリ7のプーリV溝幅を小さくすることで、Vベルト8がプライマリプーリ6との巻き掛け円弧径を小さくされると同時にセカンダリプーリ7との巻き掛け円弧径を大きくされ、Vベルト式無段変速機4はロー側プーリ比(ロー側変速比)へのダウンシフトを行うことができる。
インバータ13は、バッテリ12の直流電力を交流電力に変換して電動モータ2へ供給すると共に、電動モータ2への供給電力を加減することにより、電動モータ2を駆動力制御および回転方向制御する。
この回生制動時はインバータ13が、電動モータ2に回生制動力分の発電負荷をかけることにより、電動モータ2を発電機として作用させ、電動モータ2の発電電力をバッテリ12に蓄電する。
この間、変速機クラッチCLを解放していることで、停止状態のエンジン1を連れ回すことがなく、EV走行中の無駄な電力消費を抑制することができる。
キャリパ15は、運転者が踏み込むブレーキペダル16の踏力に応動して負圧式ブレーキブースタ17による倍力下でブレーキペダル踏力対応のブレーキ液圧を出力するマスターシリンダ18に接続し、このブレーキ液圧でキャリパ15を作動させてブレーキディスク14の制動を行う。
ハイブリッドコントローラ21は更に、エンジンコントローラ22、モータコントローラ23、変速機コントローラ24、およびバッテリコントローラ25との間で、内部情報のやり取りを行う。
モータコントローラ23は、ハイブリッドコントローラ21からの指令に応答してインバータ13を介し電動モータ2の回転方向制御および出力制御を行う。
バッテリコントローラ25は、ハイブリッドコントローラ21からの指令に応答し、バッテリ12の充放電制御を行う。
図2(a)に例示するごとく無段変速機4が、Vベルト式無段変速機構CVT(セカンダリプーリ7)と駆動車輪5との間に副変速機31を内蔵している場合は、副変速機31の変速を司る摩擦要素(クラッチや、ブレーキなど)を流用して、Vベルト式無段変速機構CVT(セカンダリプーリ7)と駆動車輪5との間を切り離し可能に結合することができる。
この場合、Vベルト式無段変速機構CVT(セカンダリプーリ7)と駆動車輪5との間を切り離し可能に結合する専用のクラッチCLを追設する必要がなくてコスト上有利である。
複合サンギヤ31s-1および31s-2のうち、サンギヤ31s-1は入力回転メンバとして作用するようセカンダリプーリ7に結合し、サンギヤ31s-2はセカンダリプーリ7に対し同軸に配置するが自由に回転し得るようにする。
アウタピニオン31poutはリングギヤ31rの内周に噛合させ、キャリア31cを出力回転メンバとして作用するようファイナルギヤ組9に結合する。
この状態でローブレーキL/Bを締結すると、副変速機31は前進第1速選択(減速)状態となり、
ハイクラッチH/Cを締結すると、副変速機31は前進第2速選択(直結)状態となり、
リバースブレーキR/Bを締結すると、副変速機31は後退選択(逆転)状態となる。
従って図2(a)の無段変速機4は、副変速機31の変速摩擦要素H/C, R/B, L/Bが図1における変速機クラッチCLの用をなし、図1におけるように変速機クラッチCLを追設することなく、Vベルト式無段変速機構CVT(セカンダリプーリ7)と駆動車輪5との間を切り離し可能に結合することができる。
変速機コントローラ24がライン圧ソレノイド35、ロックアップソレノイド36、プライマリプーリ圧ソレノイド37、ローブレーキ圧ソレノイド38、ハイクラッチ圧&リバースブレーキ圧ソレノイド39およびスイッチバルブ41を介し、無段変速機4の当該制御を以下のように行う。
第2速選択指令時はスイッチバルブ41が、ソレノイド39からのライン圧PLをハイクラッチ圧としてハイクラッチH/Cに向かわせ、これを締結することで副変速機31の第2速選択指令を実現する。
後退選択指令時はスイッチバルブ41が、ソレノイド39からのライン圧PLをリバースブレーキ圧としてリバースブレーキR/Bに向かわせ、これを締結することで副変速機31の後退選択指令を実現する。
上記ハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え動制御を、車両の駆動系が図1に示すようなものである場合につき以下に説明する。
HEV走行中にアクセルペダル19を釈放してコースティング(惰性)走行へ移行した場合や、その後ブレーキペダル16を踏み込んで車両を制動する場合、電動モータ2による回生制動によって車両の運動エネルギーを電力に変換し、これをバッテリ12に蓄電しておくことでエネルギー効率の向上を図る。
そのため、HEV走行中に回生制動が開始されたら、変速機クラッチCLの解放によりエンジン1および無段変速機4を駆動車輪5から切り離してEV走行へと移行することでEV回生状態となし、これによりエンジン1および無段変速機4の連れ回しをなくすことで、その分だけエネルギー回生量を稼げるようにする。
以上により、HEVモードからEVモードへの切り替えが完了する。
これに対し変速機クラッチCLの出力側(車輪側)回転数は、車速VSPで決まることから当初から高い。
よってEV→HEVモード切り替えに際して行う変速機クラッチCLの締結は、変速機クラッチCLの入出力回転段差が大きい状態で開始され、大きなクラッチ締結ショック(EV→HEVモード切り替えショック)を発生する傾向にある。
かように始動後のエンジン運転状態では、変速機クラッチCLの入力側にエンジン1の大きなトルクが入力され、EV走行中は小さな電動モータトルク程度の小さな値である変速機クラッチCLの出力側トルクとの間に大きなトルク段差が発生するのを避けられない。
かといって当該ショック対策のために変速機クラッチCLの締結速度を遅くすると、変速機クラッチCLの締結完了までに長時間を要し、EV→HEVモード切り替え応答が悪くなって、応答遅れ中HEVモードで要求される駆動力が得らないという問題を生ずる。
このチェックに当たっては、バッテリ蓄電状態SOCが図4に示す許容下限値SOCs(充電要求判定値)未満で、バッテリ12への充電が必要になったか否かにより、またはアクセル開度APOが設定値APOs以上で、電動モータ2のみでは要求駆動力を発生し得なくなったか否かにより、或いは車速VSPが設定値VSPs以上で、電動モータ2のみでは駆動力不足となるモータ高回転域になったか否かにより、エンジン始動(EV→HEVモード切り替え)が要求されているか否かを判定する。
なお図4は、アクセル開度APOを同じに保って車速VSP一定(10km/h未満)のもとでEV走行している間の瞬時t1にSOC<SOCsとなったことによりエンジン始動要求(EV→HEVモード切り替え要求)が発生した場合の動作タイムチャートである。
ステップS11でエンジン再始動要求(EV→HEVモード切り替え要求)が発生した(図4の瞬時t1に至った)と判定する場合、制御をステップS13以降に進めて、要求通りに現在のEV走行からHEV走行へのモード切り替えを以下のごとくに行う。
次のステップS14においては、変速機クラッチCLの出力側回転数Nfin(車速VSPおよびファイナルギヤ組9の終減速比から求まり、その車軸換算値を図4に破線で示す)を演算し、この変速機クラッチ出力側回転数Nfinが設定回転数(例えば300rpm)未満か否かにより、車速VSPが設定車速(例えば10km/h)未満の低車速域か否かをチェックする。
これにより変速機クラッチCLはスリップすることがなくなり、過熱によって耐久性が低下するのを防止する。
変速機クラッチCLの入力側回転数であるセカンダリプーリ回転数Nsecの上昇により、変速機クラッチCLの出力側回転数Nfinと、セカンダリプーリ回転数Nsec(変速機クラッチCLの入力側回転数)との間における変速機クラッチCLの入出力回転段差ΔN=Nfin−Nsecは、図4の瞬時t2以降に示すごとくに漸減する。
ΔN≧ΔNs(変速機クラッチCLの入出力回転同期が未完)である間は、制御を元に戻してステップS15でのスタータモータ3によるエンジン1のクランキングによって、変速機クラッチCLの入出力回転段差ΔNを更に漸減させる。
これにより図4の瞬時t3におけるごとくΔN<ΔNsになった(変速機クラッチCLの入出力回転同期が完了した)とき、ステップS16がこのことを判定して制御をステップS17に進める。
瞬時t3〜t4における変速機クラッチCLの締結進行により、変速機クラッチCLは入出力回転段差ΔNを同期判定用の微小設定値ΔNsから0にされる。
以上により瞬時t6に、EV→HEVモード切り替えに際して行うべきエンジン1の始動と変速機クラッチCLの締結との双方が完了し、EV→HEVモード切り替えが完了する。
ステップS18においては、既存のスタータモータ3に代えて、高回転を旨とするモータ/ジェネレータ1aの力行によりエンジン1を高回転でクランキングさせ、エンジン駆動されるオイルポンプO/Pからのオイル量が、スタータモータ3によるエンジン始動よりも多くなるようにする。
上記した本実施例のEV→HEVモード切り替え制御によれば、図4に基づき以下に説明するような効果を奏することができる。
瞬時t1にEV→HEVモード切り替え要求が発生した場合、エンジン1を再始動すると共に変速機クラッチCLを締結して当該モード切り替えを行うが、変速機クラッチCLの締結時は、その入力側回転数(セカンダリプーリ回転数Nsec)がエンジン回転数Neに依存して低いのに対し、出力側回転数Nfinは車速VSPに対応して高い。
よってEV→HEVモード切り替えに際して行う変速機クラッチCLの締結は、入出力回転段差ΔNが大きい状態で開始され、大きなクラッチ締結ショック(EV→HEVモード切り替えショック)を発生する。
かように始動後のエンジン運転状態では、変速機クラッチCLの入力側にエンジン1の大きなトルクが入力され、EV走行中は小さな電動モータトルク程度の小さな値である変速機クラッチCLの出力側トルクとの間に大きなトルク段差が発生する。
かといって当該ショック対策のために変速機クラッチCLの締結速度を遅くすると、変速機クラッチCLの締結完了までに長時間を要し、EV→HEVモード切り替え応答が悪くなって、応答遅れ中HEVモードで要求される駆動力が得らないという問題を生ずる。
当該クラッチCLの締結時t3〜t4はエンジン1が自立運転前の始動中t2〜t6で、瞬時t3〜t4におけるエンジントルクTeの波形から明らかなように大きなエンジントルクが変速機クラッチCLに入力されることがなく、EV走行中は電動モータ2からの小さなモータトルク程度の値である変速機クラッチCLの出力側トルクとの間に大きなトルク段差を生ずることがない。
EV→HEVモード切り替えに際して行うべき変速機クラッチCLの締結を、ショック上問題にならない程度の小さなクラッチ入出力トルク段差および入出力回転段差のもとで行い得ることとなり、変速機クラッチCLの締結ショック(EV→HEVモード切り替えショック)を確実に軽減させることができる。
ステップS14でNfin≧300rpm(VSP≧10km/h)の高車速域と判定する場合、つまり低回転を旨とする既存のスタータモータ3によるエンジン始動(クランキング)だと、オイルポンプO/Pからのオイル量が十分でなくて変速機クラッチCLの締結力が不足し、変速機クラッチCLとエンジン1との間における変速機側回転系を車速対応の速度まで回転上昇させ得ず、変速機クラッチCLがスリップして過熱により耐久性を低下される高車速域である場合、既存のスタータモータ3に代えて、高回転を旨とするモータ/ジェネレータ1aによってエンジン1を始動させるため(ステップS18)、
全車速域に亘って上記の効果を達成することができる。
副変速機31の第2速選択状態が要求される運転状況では、ハイクラッチH/C(高速段選択用摩擦要素)を図1における変速機クラッチCLとして用い、
副変速機31の第1速選択状態が要求される運転状況では、ローブレーキL/B(低速段選択用摩擦要素)を図1における変速機クラッチCLとして用いることを基本とする。
Claims (2)
- 動力源としてエンジンのほかに電動モータを具え、前記エンジンが、該エンジンにより駆動されるポンプからのオイルを作動媒体とする変速機を介し車輪に駆動結合されており、これら変速機および車輪間が変速機内のクラッチにより切り離し可能であって、該クラッチを解放すると共に前記エンジンを停止させることにより前記電動モータのみにより走行される電気走行モードを選択可能であるほか、前記エンジンを始動させると共に前記クラッチを締結することにより前記電動モータおよびエンジンにより走行されるハイブリッド走行モードを選択可能なハイブリッド車両であって、該ハイブリッド車両が、前記エンジンのクランクシャフトに駆動結合して実装されるオルタネータを、力行も可能なモータ/ジェネレータに置き換えられ、該モータ/ジェネレータまたは既存のスタータモータにより前記エンジンを始動し得るよう構成したものである、ハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え制御装置において、
前記電気走行モードからハイブリッド走行モードへのモード切り替え時に行うべき前記エンジンの始動および前記クラッチの締結に際し、該エンジンが自立運転を開始するよりも前のエンジン始動中であって、該エンジン始動に伴って低下する前記クラッチの入出力回転段差が0となる前から前記クラッチの締結を行うよう構成し、
設定車速未満の低車速域では前記既存のスタータモータにより前記エンジン始動を行い、前記設定車速以上の高車速域では前記モータ/ジェネレータにより前記エンジン始動を行うよう構成したことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載されたハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え制御装置において、
前記設定車速は、前記クラッチの前記モード切り替え時における締結によって回転上昇される変速機側回転系の車速対応回転イナーシャが、前記始動中スタータモータによって得られるエンジンクランキング回転数に応じた前記ポンプからのオイル量で決まる前記クラッチの締結力未満となる低車速域の上限車速であることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両のモード切り替え制御装置。
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