JP5984096B2 - 物体を識別する方法及び機構 - Google Patents
物体を識別する方法及び機構 Download PDFInfo
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- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G07G—REGISTERING THE RECEIPT OF CASH, VALUABLES, OR TOKENS
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- G07G1/0054—Checkout procedures with a code reader for reading of an identifying code of the article to be registered, e.g. barcode reader or radio-frequency identity [RFID] reader with control of supplementary check-parameters, e.g. weight or number of articles
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Description
米国において、本出願は、2011年8月30日に出願された同時係属仮出願第61/529,214号、2011年9月6日に出願された同時係属仮出願第61/531,525号、及び2011年9月9日に出願された同時係属仮出願第61/533,079号に対する優先権を主張する2011年9月13日に出願された出願第13/231,893号の一部同時係属出願である。本出願は、2011年9月21日に出願された仮出願第61/537,523号、及び、2012年8月24日に出願された第61/693,225号に対する優先権の利益も主張する。
この透かしパターンを持つ製品の表面がカメラから離れる方向に上方に45度傾斜している場合でも、上記一覧の構成タイル#8は容易に読み取ることができる。すなわち、45度の上への物理的な傾斜がタイル#8の30度の下向きのアフィン変換を打ち消して、正味15度の見かけの上方への歪みを生じさせ、これは透かし復号器の読み取り範囲に十分に入る。
本技術のさらに別の態様は、例えば小売の精算で積み重ねられた商品の識別に関する。
Braun, Models for Photogrammetric Building Reconstruction, Computers & Graphics, Vol19, No 1, Jan-Feb 1995, pp. 109-118;
Dowson et al, Shadows and Cracks, MIT AI Lab、Vision Group, June, 1971;
Dowson, What Corners Look Like, MIT AI Lab, Vision Group, June, 1971;
Fischer, Extracting Buildings from Aerial Images using Hierarchical Aggregation in 2D and 3D,
Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol 72, No 2, Nov 1998, pp. 185-203;
Haala et al, An Update on Automatic 3D Building Reconstruction, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 65, 2010, pp. 570-580;
Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision, N. Paragios ed. , Springer, 2006;
Hoffman et al, Parts of Recognition, MIT AI Lab, AI Memo 732, December, 1983;
Mackworth, Interpreting Pictures of Polyhedral Scenes, Artificial Intelligence, Vol 4、No 2, 1973, pp. 121-137;
Mundy, Object Recognition in the Geometric Era - a Retrospective, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4170, 2006, pp. 3-28;
Shapira et al, Reconstruction of Curved-Surface Bodies from a Set of Imperfect Projections, Defense Technical Information Center, 1977;
Waltz, Understanding Scenes with Shadows, MIT AI Lab, Vision Group、November, 1971 ;及び
Zhao, Machine Recognition as Representation and Search, MIT AI Lab, AI Memo 1189, December, 1989。
図34に示す不確定区域は、人間の店員(又は他のシステム構成要素)に注目されるものであるが、算出された信頼度の尺度を使用して、閾値で定義することができる。例えば、物体3の信頼度の尺度が(1〜100の段階で)20であり、且つ物体1、2、4、及び5の信頼度の尺度がそれぞれ97、80、70、及び97である場合は、信頼度の尺度が50未満の物体に関連する不確定区域を強調表示するように閾値が設定されると、不確定区域は図34に表すようになる。
上記では、小売の精算所にある搬送ベルトに関連する各種の革新について述べた。それらの革新の大半は、(1)物体認識を支援して処理量及び精度を向上させる、(2)買い物客に対する新規の機能、及び(3)広告主に対する利益、の3つの部類の1つに該当すると考えることができる。
購入商品を識別する際に考慮されるセンサからの証拠は、精算所で収集する必要はない。例えば、屋内位置特定技術(例えば買い物客又は買い物客のカートが携行する装置を使用して信号を感知又は発信し、その信号から位置を判定する。例えば異なる通路では異なるLED照明の明滅や変調を感知する。又は位置に関する他の形態の信号を感知する)、又は天井、床、若しくは棚に取り付けられたカメラや他のセンサ等で、店内で買い物客を通る順路を監視する実施を考えたい。買い物客がCampbellスープの棚の前で15秒間立ち止まった場合、このデータは、精算で撮影された画像からバーコードや他の識別情報を判別できない場合でも、図31で見えている円筒形の形状がスープの缶であるという仮定を強化する助けとなる。
本明細書に詳細に説明される技術の特定の実施では、ロバストな特徴の記述子(例えばSIFT、SURF、及びORB)を用いて物体の識別を支援する。
例示的な特徴及び例を参照して本発明の原理を説明し、例示したが、本技術は上記に限定されないことが認識されよう。
本明細書には各種の実施形態を詳細に記載する。ある実施形態との関係で記載される方法、要素、及び概念は、他の実施形態との関連で記載される方法、要素、及び概念と組み合わせることが可能であることを理解されたい。そのような構成のいくつかを詳細に説明したが、置換及び組み合わせの数が多数あるため多くは記載していない。ただし、そのようなすべての組み合わせは、ここに提供される教示から当業者には平易に実施することができる。
Claims (18)
- 小売店内のPOSシステム用スキャナを用いた方法であって、
(a)前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用する人を識別するデータを受け取るステップと、
(b)前記POSシステム用スキャナが、識別された人によって使用されている間に、前記POSシステム用スキャナに提示された商品を表す画像を取り込むステップと、
(c)最初に第1の人が前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用しているときに、取り込まれた画像に第1の歪み打消しを適用して第1の歪み打消し画像を生成するステップと、
(d)次に第2の人が前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用しているときに、取り込まれた画像に、第1の歪み打消しとは異なる第2の歪み打消しを適用して第2の歪み打消し画像を生成するステップと、
(e)歪み打消し画像に対し復号処理を行って商品IDを判定するステップと、
を備え、
前記POSシステム用スキャナに商品を提示した人に応じて異なる歪み打消しが、取り込まれた画像に適用される、
方法。 - 前記方法は、取り込まれた1つの画像に対し複数の異なる歪み打消しのセットが適用され、複数の異なる歪み打消し画像のセットが生成され、該セットの歪み打消し画像それぞれに対し復号処理が行われる方法であって、
前記方法は、
最初に第1の人が前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用しているときに、取り込まれた画像に第1の歪み打消しのセットを適用するステップと、
次に第2の人が前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用しているときに、取り込まれた画像に、第1の歪み打消しのセットとは異なる第2の歪み打消しのセットを適用するステップと、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記方法は、GPUチップの第1のコアを用いて各セットの第1の歪み打消しを適用し、GPUチップの第2のコアを用いて各セットの第2の歪み打消しを適用する、
請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記方法は、前記(a)〜(e)のステップの前に実行される、
前記第1の人および前記第2の人による前記POSシステム用スキャナの使用に関する履歴データを収集するステップと、
前記POSシステム用スキャナが前記第1の人により使用されているときに、IDの復号前に、前記POSシステム用スキャナにより取り込まれた画像に適用されるべき第1の歪み打消しを、収集された履歴データから判定するステップと、
前記POSシステム用スキャナが前記第2の人により使用されているときに、IDの復号前に、前記POSシステム用スキャナにより取り込まれた画像に適用されるべき第2の歪み打消しを、収集された履歴データから判定するステップと、
を備える請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記収集された履歴データに基づいて、ヒストグラムデータを生成するステップ、
を備える請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記復号処理は、電子透かし復号処理を含む、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記復号処理は、電子透かし復号処理とバーコード復号処理の両方を含む、
請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記人は、小売店の従業員である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記人は、小売店の客である、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記商品は、コンベヤーによって、前記POSシステム用スキャナの前に位置付けられる、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記商品は、識別された人によって、前記POSシステム用スキャナの前に保持される、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 小売店内で使用されるPOSシステム用スキャナであって、
小売店で会計時に提示される商品の画像を取り込むカメラと、
取り込まれた画像に歪み打消しを適用し、歪み打消しを適用した画像に対し復号処理を行って前記商品のID情報を得るプロセッサと、
を備え、
前記プロセッサは、さらに、
前記POSシステム用スキャナが第1のオペレータにより使用される場合に第1の歪み打消しを適用し、前記POSシステム用スキャナが第2のオペレータにより使用される場合に第1の歪み打消しとは異なる第2の歪み打消しを適用するよう構成されている、
POSシステム用スキャナ。 - 前記プロセッサは、取り込まれた1つの画像に複数の歪み打消しのセットを適用し、複数の歪み打消しのセットが適用された画像に対し復号処理を行って前記商品のID情報を得るよう構成され、
前記プロセッサは、前記POSシステム用スキャナが第1のオペレータにより使用される場合に第1の歪み打消しのセットを適用し、前記POSシステム用スキャナが第2のオペレータにより使用される場合に第2の歪み打消しを適用するよう構成されている、
請求項12に記載のPOSシステム用スキャナ。 - 前記プロセッサは、マルチコアのGPUを含み、
前記POSシステム用スキャナは、
GPUの第1のコアを用いて、取り込まれた画像に第1の歪み打消しのセットを適用し、
GPUの第2のコアを用いて、取り込まれた画像に第2の歪み打消しのセットを適用する、
請求項13に記載のPOSシステム用スキャナ。 - 前記復号処理は、電子透かし復号処理を含む、
請求項12に記載のPOSシステム用スキャナ。 - 前記復号処理は、電子透かし復号処理とバーコード復号処理の両方を含む、
請求項15に記載のPOSシステム用スキャナ。 - 小売店で購入のために提示された商品の画像を取り込み、取り込まれた画像から商品IDを復号するPOSシステム用スキャナ、を用いた方法であって、
(a)異なる複数のユーザによる前記POSシステム用スキャナの使用に関する履歴データを収集するステップと、
(b)前記POSシステム用スキャナが第1の人により使用されているときに、IDの復号前に、前記POSシステム用スキャナにより取り込まれた画像に適用されるべき第1の歪み打消しを、収集された履歴データから判定するステップと、
(c)前記POSシステム用スキャナが第2の人により使用されているときに、IDの復号前に、前記POSシステム用スキャナにより取り込まれた画像に適用されるべき、第1の歪み打消しとは異なる第2の歪み打消しを、収集された履歴データから判定するステップと、
を備える方法。 - 前記方法は、前記(a)〜(c)のステップの後に実行される、
前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用する人を識別するデータを受け取るステップと、
前記POSシステム用スキャナが、識別された人によって使用されている間に、前記POSシステム用スキャナに提示された商品を表す画像を取り込むステップと、
最初に第1の人が前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用しているときに、取り込まれた画像に第1の歪み打消しを適用して第1の歪み打消し画像を生成するステップと、
次に第2の人が前記POSシステム用スキャナを使用しているときに、取り込まれた画像に第2の歪み打消しを適用して第2の歪み打消し画像を生成するステップと、
歪み打消し画像に対し復号処理を行って商品IDを判定するステップと、
を備え、
前記POSシステム用スキャナに商品を提示した人に応じて異なる歪み打消しが、取り込まれた画像に適用される、
請求項17に記載の方法。
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EP2751748A1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
EP2751748A4 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
JP2014531636A (ja) | 2014-11-27 |
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