JP5951928B2 - 光出力の領域制御を提供する光抽出構造体を有する光ガイド - Google Patents
光出力の領域制御を提供する光抽出構造体を有する光ガイド Download PDFInfo
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- JP5951928B2 JP5951928B2 JP2010524111A JP2010524111A JP5951928B2 JP 5951928 B2 JP5951928 B2 JP 5951928B2 JP 2010524111 A JP2010524111 A JP 2010524111A JP 2010524111 A JP2010524111 A JP 2010524111A JP 5951928 B2 JP5951928 B2 JP 5951928B2
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- UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical class [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKYRXLPXSJZIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-5-phenylthiophene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound S1C(N)=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QKYRXLPXSJZIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOARAHKGQSHYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 KOARAHKGQSHYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BEPGHZIEOVULBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCNCCCNCC BEPGHZIEOVULBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVKFRMCSXWQSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCNC KVKFRMCSXWQSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDKQJOKKKZNQDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-dimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CNCCCCCCNC MDKQJOKKKZNQDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQCFXPARMSSRRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[6-(prop-2-enoylamino)hexyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCCCCCCNC(=O)C=C YQCFXPARMSSRRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROZPNEGZBIUWBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(diethylamino)phosphoryl]-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)P(=O)(N(CC)CC)N(CC)CC ROZPNEGZBIUWBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHKKZIUZTWZKDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)-methylsilyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](C)(N(C)C)N(C)C AHKKZIUZTWZKDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJDVRUZAQRISHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)-phenylsilyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](N(C)C)(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VJDVRUZAQRISHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTURFVPIEOKJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[dimethylamino(diphenyl)silyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](N(C)C)(N(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FTURFVPIEOKJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAQPJHNWYPETBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-bis(dipropylamino)phosphoryl-n-propylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)P(=O)(N(CCC)CCC)N(CCC)CCC WAQPJHNWYPETBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNLUHXUFCCNNIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dimethylsilyl-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[SiH](C)C KNLUHXUFCCNNIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMTGCJANOQOGPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMTGCJANOQOGPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YPNZYYWORCABPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 YPNZYYWORCABPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BFYJDHRWCNNYJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-(3-oxo-3-phenylpropoxy)-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1[P+](=O)OCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BFYJDHRWCNNYJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N parbenate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005062 perfluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008039 phosphoramides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003455 sulfinic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJWMYLFHBXEWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl (4-ethenylphenyl) carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 GJWMYLFHBXEWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXNWQHMMMPKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-phenylethenyl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XTXNWQHMMMPKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLADIVUISABQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(piperidin-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1 WLADIVUISABQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylarsine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0058—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
- G02B6/0061—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to provide homogeneous light output intensity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Description
光反応組成物内で使用するのに好適な反応種には、硬化性の化学種と非硬化性の化学種の双方が挙げられる。硬化性の化学種が一般に好ましく、又硬化性の化学種には、例えば、付加重合性モノマー及びオリゴマーと付加架橋性ポリマー(例えばアクリレート、メタクリレート、及びスチレンなどの特定のビニル化合物を含む、ラジカル重合性又は架橋性のエチレン系不飽和の化学種)、更には、カチオン重合性モノマー及びオリゴマーとカチオン架橋性ポリマー(この化学種は最も一般的には酸開始されており、またこの化学種には、例えばエポキシ、ビニルエーテル、シアネートエステルなどが挙げられる)、その他同種のもの、並びにそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
この光開始剤系は多光子光開始剤系であるが、これは、そのような系を使用することにより、光の集束ビームの焦点領域に重合作用を制限又は限定することが可能となるからである。そのような系は好ましくは、少なくとも1つの多光子光増感剤と、少なくとも1つの光開始剤(又は電子受容体)と、任意選択による少なくとも1つの電子供与体とを含む二成分又は三成分系である。そのような多成分系は感度の向上をもたらすことができ、光反応をより短い期間で成し遂げることが可能であり、それによって、サンプル及び/又は露光系の1つ以上の成分の動きに起因する問題が生じる可能性が減じられる。
光反応組成物の多光子光開始剤系における使用に好適な多光子光増感剤は、十分な光に露光されると少なくとも2つの光子を同時に吸収し得るものである。好ましくは、光増感剤は、フルオレセインよりも大きい(即ち、3’,6’−ジヒドロキシスピロ[イソベンゾフラン−1(3H),9’−[9H]キサンテン]3−オンよりも大きい)二光子吸収断面積を有している。一般に、好ましい断面は、C.ズ(Xu)及びW.W.ウェブ(W. W. Webb)によりJ.Opt.Soc.Am.B、13巻、481頁(1996年)(それは、マーダー(Marder)及びペリー(Perry)によりPCT国際公開特許第WO 98/21521号、85頁18〜22行に引用されている)に記載された方法で測定される約50×10−50cm4秒/光子を超えることができる。
光反応性組成物の多光子光開始剤系に有用な電子供与体化合物は、電子を光増感剤の電子励起状態に供与できるこれらの化合物(光増感剤自身以外)である。そのような化合物は、任意選択により、光開始剤系の多光子感光性を増大させ、それによって光反応性組成物の光反応を成し遂げるのに必要な露光を減少させるために使用することができる。電子供与体化合物は好ましくは、ゼロより大きくかつp−ジメトキシベンゼンの酸化電位以下である酸化電位を有している。好ましくは、酸化電位は、標準飽和カロメル電極(「S.C.E.」)に対して約0.3〜1ボルトである。
一般に、特定の光増感剤及び光開始剤と共に使用するのに好適な電子供与体化合物は、(例えば、米国特許第4,859,572号(ファリド(Farid)ら)において述べられている)3つの成分の酸化電位及び還元電位を比較することによって選択することができる。このような電位は、実験的に測定でき(例えば、R.J.コックス(Cox)、写真感光(Photographic Sensitivity)、15章、アカデミックプレス(Academic Press)(1973年)により記載された方法によって)、又はN.L.ウェインバーグ(Weinburg)編集、有機電気化学合成の技術、II部、化学の技術(Technique of Electroorganic Synthesis Part II Techniques of Chemistry)、V巻(1975年)、並びにC.K.マン(Mann)及びK.K.バーネス(Barnes)、非水性系の電気化学反応(Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems)(1970年)などの参照から得ることができる。これらの電位は、相対的なエネルギー関係を反映するものであり、電子供与体化合物を選択する指針として使用することができる。
トリス(ジメチルアミノ)フェニルシラン、トリス(メチルシリル)アミン、トリス(ジメチルシリル)アミン、ビス(ジメチルシリル)アミン、N,N−ビス(ジメチルシリル)アニリン、N−フェニル−N−ジメチルシリルアニリン、及びN,N−ジメチル−N−ジメチルシリルアミン);並びにそれらの混合物が挙げられる。三級芳香族アルキルアミン、特に、少なくとも1つの電子求引性基を芳香環上に有するものが、とりわけ良好な貯蔵性をもたらすことが判明している。また、良好な貯蔵性は、室温で固体となるアミンを使用しても得られている。良好な写真感度は、1つ以上のジュロリジニル部分を含んでいるアミンを使用して得られている。
Ar3B−(n−C4H9)N+(CH3)4
Ar3B−(n−C4H9)N+(n−C4H9)4
Ar3B−(n−C4H9)Li+
Ar3B−(n−C4H9)N+(C6H13)4
Ar3B−−(C4H9)N+(CH3)3(CH2)2CO2(CH2)2CH3
Ar3B−−(C4H9)N+(CH3)3(CH2)2OCO(CH2)2CH3
Ar3B−−(sec−C4H9)N+(CH3)3(CH2)2CO2(CH2)2CH3
Ar3B−−(sec−C4H9)N+(C6H13)4
Ar3B−−(C4H9)N+(C8H17)4
Ar3B−−(C4H9)N+(CH3)4
(p−CH3O−C6H4)3B−(n−C4H9)N+(n−C4H9)4
Ar3B−−(C4H9)N+(CH3)3(CH2)2OH
ArB−(n−C4H9)3N+(CH3)4
ArB−(C2H5)3N+(CH3)4
Ar2B−(n−C4H9)2N+(CH3)4
Ar3B−(C4H9)N+(C4H9)4
Ar4B−N+(C4H9)4
ArB−(CH3)3N+(CH3)4
(n−C4H9)4B−N+(CH3)4
Ar3B−(C4H9)P+(C4H9)4
(式中、Arは、フェニル、ナフチル、置換(好ましくは、フッ素置換)フェニル、置換ナフチル及び複数の縮合芳香環を有するその類の基)加えて、テトラメチルアンモニウムn−ブチルトリフェニルホウ酸塩及びテトラブチルアンモニウムn−ヘキシル−トリス(3−フルオロフェニル)ホウ酸塩、並びにこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
光反応性組成物の反応種に好適な光開始剤(即ち、電子受容体化合物)は、電子励起状態の多光子光増感剤から電子を受容し、結果として、少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル及び/又は酸が形成されることによって感光化することが可能な光開始剤である。そのような光開始剤には、ヨードニウム塩(例えば、ジアリールヨードニウム塩)、スルホニウム塩(例えば、所望によりアルキル基又はアルコキシ基で置換されており、また任意選択により、隣接アリール部分を橋渡ししている2,2’オキシ基を有するトリアリールスルホニウム塩)、その他同種のもの、及びそれらの混合物がある。
トリフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボラート
メチルジフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボラート
ジメチルフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモナート
ジフェニルナフチルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアルセナート
トリトリスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
アニシルジフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモナート
4−ブトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボラート
4−クロロフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
トリ(4−フェノキシフェニル)スルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
ジ(4−エトキシフェニル)メチルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアルセナート
4−アセトニルフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート
4−チオメトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
ジ(メトキシスルホニルフェニル)メチルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート
ジ(ニトロフェニル)フェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート
ジ(カルボメトキシフェニル)メチルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
4−アセタミドフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート
ジメチルナフチルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
トリフルオロメチルジフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート
p−(フェニルチオフェニル)ジフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート
10−メチルフェノキサチイニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
5−メチルチアントレニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
10−フェニル−9,9−ジメチルチオキサンテニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
10−フェニル−9−オキソチオキサンテニウム(oxothioxanthenium)テトラフルオロボレート
5−メチル−10−オキソチアントレニウムテトラフルオロボレート
5−メチル−10,10−ジオキソチアントレニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
好ましいスルホニウム塩には、トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモン酸塩(例えば、サートマー社(Sartomer Company)から入手可能なSarCat(商標)SR1010)、トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(例えば、サートマー社から入手可能なSarCat(商標)SR1011)、及びトリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(例えば、サートマー社から入手可能なSarCat(商標))KI85)などのトリアリール置換塩が挙げられる。
反応種、多光子光増感剤、電子供与体化合物、及び光開始剤は、上述の方法によって又は当該技術分野において既知の他の方法で調製することができ、また、複数のものが商業的に入手可能である。これらの4つの構成成分は、「安全光」の条件下で、混合の任意の順序及び方法を使用して(任意選択的に、かき混ぜ又は攪拌を用いて)混合することができるが、ときには(貯蔵寿命及び熱的安定性の観点から)光開始剤を最後に(かつ、他の構成成分の溶解を促進するために任意選択で用いられる加熱工程の後に)添加するのが好ましい。溶媒を組成物の構成成分と相当に反応しないように選定するという条件で、所望により溶媒を使用することができる。好適な溶媒には、例えば、アセトン、ジクロロメタン、及びアセトニトリルが挙げられる。また、反応種自体が、ときには他の構成成分の溶媒として働くことができる。
発明の方法を実施するにあたり、光反応性組成物は、多光子吸収が行われる条件で光に露光され、それにより露光前の光反応性組成物と比べて異なる溶解度特性(例えば、特定の溶媒中でより小さい又はより大きい溶解度)の領域をもたらす。このような露光は、十分な光の強度を得ることができる任意の既知の手段で達成できる。
Claims (2)
- 光ガイドであって、該光ガイドの表面上にパターンで配置された複数の光抽出器を備え、
前記光抽出器の各々は、前記光ガイドの表面上に、閉じられた底面占有領域を画定し、前記光ガイド内を伝搬する光源からの光は、該光抽出器を通って、該光ガイドから抽出され、
前記パターンは、前記光ガイドの表面全域の光出力の均一性を高めるように構成され、
前記光抽出器の面密度は、前記光源からの光の伝搬方向に減少する一方、その減少と逆比例して、前記光抽出器の抽出効率は、前記光源からの光の伝搬方向に向かうにつれて増加する、光ガイド。 - 光を生成するように構成された光源と、
前記光源からの光を導光する請求項1に記載の光ガイドと、を備える、バックライト。
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2008
- 2008-09-02 EP EP08829488A patent/EP2198332A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-02 US US12/675,853 patent/US8322874B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-02 WO PCT/US2008/075018 patent/WO2009032813A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-02 KR KR1020107007371A patent/KR20100080785A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-09-02 CN CN200880106103A patent/CN101796443A/zh active Pending
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EP2198332A2 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
WO2009032813A2 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
WO2009032813A3 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
US20100288614A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
KR20100080785A (ko) | 2010-07-12 |
US8545037B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
JP2010538443A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
US8322874B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
US20130063980A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
CN101796443A (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
EP2198332A4 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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