JP5815135B2 - Display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present application relates to a display device, a viewing angle adjusting film, and an optical filter.

  A stereoscopic image display device is a display device that can transmit three-dimensional information to an observer.

  As a method for displaying a stereoscopic image, for example, there are a glasses method and a no-glasses method. The glasses method can be further classified into a polarized glasses method and an LC shutter glasses method, and the no-glasses method is a binocular / multi-view binocular parallax method, a volume type method or a hollow type method. It can be categorized as a graphic method.

  The present application provides a display device, a viewing angle adjusting film, and an optical filter.

  An exemplary display device may include a display element, a viewing angle adjusting film, and a polarization adjusting element. The display device may be a stereoscopic video display device (hereinafter “3D device”). The 3D device is, for example, a device in which a viewer wears stereoscopic image observation glasses (hereinafter referred to as “3D glasses”) and observes a stereoscopic image. In the apparatus, the display element, the viewing angle adjusting film, and the polarization adjusting element may be transmitted to an observer after a signal emitted from the display element is sequentially transmitted through the polarization adjusting element and the viewing angle adjusting film. You may arrange | position so that it may transmit to an observer, after passing through an angle adjustment film and a polarization adjusting element sequentially.

  The display element can generate a right-eye signal (hereinafter, “R signal”) in a driving state, and a right-eye signal generation region (hereinafter, “RS region”); and a left-eye signal (hereinafter, “L”). A signal generation region for the left eye (hereinafter referred to as an “LS region”) that can generate a signal “)” can be included. The term “driving state” may mean a state in which the display device displays an image, for example, a stereoscopic image.

  The display element may also include a light transmission amount adjustment region (hereinafter, “TC region”) adjacent to the RS and LS regions. The term “TC region” can mean a region formed to block incident light or to absorb part of the incident light and transmit only the other part. The TC region can mean, for example, a region where the transmittance of incident light, that is, the light transmittance is 0% to 20%, 0% to 15%, 0% to 10%, or 0% to 5%. .

  The fact that the TC region is adjacent to the RS and LS regions means that the R signal and / or L generated in the RS and / or LS region is observed when the image is observed at at least one angle belonging to the range of the viewing angle. In the process in which the signal is transmitted to the polarization adjusting element, at least a part of the R and / or L signal is incident on the TC region, and the signal incident on the TC region is blocked by the TC region or the signal incident on the TC region. It means that the TC region exists at a position where only a part of the TC region is transmitted and transmitted to the polarization adjusting element.

  In this specification, the term “viewing angle” means, for example, that the L signal generated in the LS region passes through the left-eye signal polarization adjustment region (hereinafter, “LG region”) of the filter unit, and the right-eye signal. Without passing through the polarization adjustment region (hereinafter referred to as “RG region”), the range of angles that can be transmitted to the observer or the R signal generated in the RS region passes through the RG region of the filter unit, It means the range of angles that can be transmitted to the observer without transmitting. At angles exceeding the viewing angle, the L signal passes through the RG region, or the R signal is transmitted to the observer after passing through the LG region, thereby causing a so-called crosstalk phenomenon that degrades the image quality. be able to.

  In one example, a TC region that is adjacent to the RS and LS regions may be located between the RS and LS regions. As an example of an aspect in which the TC region exists between the RS and LS regions, when the RS, TC, and LS regions are sequentially located on the same plane, or on the front surface or the rear surface of the plane where the RS and LS regions are located, The case where the region is located can be exemplified. When the TC region is located on the front or rear surface of the plane where the RS and LS regions are located, the TC region overlaps at least a part of the RS and / or LS region when the device is observed from the front. Can exist in

  The polarization adjusting element can include RG and LG regions. For example, the RG region may exist at a position where an R signal generated by the display element in a driving state is incident. Further, the LG region can exist at a position where an L signal generated by the display element in a driving state is incident, for example.

  The viewing angle adjusting film can be present, for example, between the display element and the polarization adjusting element or on the side opposite to the display element side of the polarization adjusting element. Therefore, the display device may sequentially include a display element, a viewing angle adjusting film, and a polarization adjusting element, or may sequentially include a display element, a polarization adjusting element, and a viewing angle adjusting film.

  A TC region is formed in the viewing angle adjusting film. In this specification, for convenience of explanation, the TC region included in the display element is referred to as a TC1 region, and the TC region formed in the viewing angle adjusting film is referred to as a TC2 region.

  The viewing angle adjusting film can be included in the display device such that the TC2 region is adjacent to the RG and LG regions of the polarization adjusting element. The fact that the TC2 region is adjacent to the RG and LG regions means that when an image is observed at at least one angle belonging to the range of the viewing angle, the R and / or L signal transmitted by the display element is RG and / or Alternatively, before entering the LG region or after passing through the RG and / or LG region, a part of the R and / or L signal is incident on the TC2 region, so that the incident signal is blocked or incident by the TC2 region. It can mean that the TC2 region exists at a position that allows only a part of the transmitted signal to pass through the TC2 region.

  In one example, the viewing angle adjusting film is disposed such that the TC2 region adjacent to the RG and LG regions is located between the RG and LG regions when the display device is observed from the front. Can do. For example, when the display device is observed in front, the TC2 region can exist in a state where it overlaps at least part of the RG and / or LG region.

  1 and 2 schematically illustrate an exemplary 3D device. FIG. 1 shows a case where the viewing angle adjusting film 104 is positioned between the display element 103 and the polarization adjusting element 105, and FIG. 2 shows a case where the viewing angle adjusting film 104 is positioned outside the polarization adjusting element 105. It is. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the exemplary 3D apparatus can include a display element 103, a viewing angle adjusting film 104, and a polarization adjusting element 105. The display device may further include a light source 101, a first polarizing plate 1021, and a second polarizing plate 1022, if necessary.

  As the light source 101, for example, a direct type or edge type backlight unit (BLU) that is usually used in a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used. be able to. In addition to the above, various types of devices can be used as the light source 1011.

  The first polarizing plate 1021 can be positioned between the light source 101 and the display element 103. With such an arrangement, the light emitted from the light source 101 can enter the display element 103 after passing through the first polarizing plate 1021. The first polarizing plate 1021 can be an optical element in which a light transmission axis and a light absorption axis perpendicular to the light transmission axis are formed. When light is incident on the first polarizing plate 1021, only light having a polarization axis in a direction parallel to the light transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 1021 can be transmitted.

  The display element 103 can include an LS region that can generate an L signal and an RS region that can generate an R signal in a driving state.

  In one example, the display element 103 may be a transmissive liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer that exists between two substrates. The liquid crystal panel can include, for example, a first substrate, a pixel electrode, a first alignment film, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment film, a common electrode, and a second substrate sequentially arranged from the light source 101 side. On the first substrate, for example, an active driving circuit including a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) and a wiring as a driving element electrically connected to the transparent pixel electrode may be formed. The pixel electrode includes, for example, a metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), and can function as an electrode for each pixel. Further, the first or second alignment film can serve to align the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer, for example. The liquid crystal layer may include, for example, a liquid crystal in a VA (Vertical Alignment), TN (Twisted Nematic), STN (Super Twisted Nematic), or IPS (In Plane Switching) mode. The liquid crystal layer can have a function of transmitting or blocking light from the light source 1011 for each pixel depending on a voltage applied from a driver circuit. The common electrode can function as a common counter electrode, for example.

  In the display element 103, an LS and RS region including one or more pixels may be formed as a region where an L or R signal can be generated in a driving state. For example, in the liquid crystal panel, one or more unit pixels including liquid crystal sealed between the first and second alignment films may form an LS or RS region. The LS and RS regions may be arranged in the row and / or column direction.

  3 and 4 are diagrams illustrating exemplary RS and LS region arrangements. 3 and 4 can be the arrangement of the RS and LS regions when the 3D device is observed in front. In one example, the RS and LS regions have stripe shapes extending in the same direction, for example, the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIG. 3, and may be alternately arranged adjacent to each other. In another example, the RS and LS regions are alternately arranged adjacent to each other in a lattice pattern as shown in FIG. However, the arrangement of the RS and LS regions is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and various other designs can be applied. For example, the display element 103 can generate a signal including R and L signals by driving a pixel in each region with a signal in a driving state.

  For example, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when light emitted from the light source 101 enters the first polarizing plate 1021, only light polarized parallel to the light transmission axis of the polarizing plate 1021 is transmitted. The transmitted light is incident on the display element 103, the light incident on the display element 1013 and transmitted through the RS region can be an R signal, and the light transmitted through the LS region can be an L signal.

  The display element 103 can include a TC1 region. The TC1 region can be located adjacent to the RS and LS regions. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the TC1 region is located in front of the plane on which the RS and LS regions are formed on the display element 103, and when viewed in front, the TC1 region is located between the RS and LS regions. It is located so as to overlap a part. However, the position of the TC1 region is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIGS. For example, the TC1 region may be located on the rear surface of the plane on which the RS and LS regions are formed, or may be located on the same plane as the plane on which the RS and LS regions are formed. 5 is a diagram further illustrating the arrangement form of the LS and RS regions in FIG. 3 in consideration of the presence of TC1, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the LS and RS regions in FIG. 4 in consideration of the presence of TC1. Furthermore, it is the figure illustrated.

  In the TC1 region, for example, together with the TC2 region of the viewing angle adjusting film described later, the image on the display device can be observed with a wide viewing angle without loss of luminance.

  The TC1 region can be, for example, a black matrix. For example, when the display element 103 is a transmissive liquid crystal panel, the TC1 region can be a black matrix included in a color filter that normally exists in a second substrate included in the liquid crystal panel, as described above. In one example, the TC1 region includes pigments such as chromium (Cr), a chromium and chromium oxide bilayer film (Cr / CrOx bilayer film), carbon black, carbon pigment, and the like. It may be a region formed by including a resin layer or graphite. A method for forming the TC1 region using the material is not particularly limited. For example, the TC1 region can be formed by a photolithography (liftoff) method or a lift-off method, which are usual methods for forming a black matrix.

  The second polarizing plate 1022 is an optical element in which a light transmission axis and a light absorption axis perpendicular to the light transmission axis are formed, for example, like the first polarizing plate 1021, and if light enters, Only signals having a polarization axis parallel to the transmission axis direction can be transmitted. The second polarizing plate 10122 can be positioned between the display element 103 and the polarization adjusting element 105, for example, as shown in FIGS.

  The first and second polarizing plates 1021 and 1022 included in the display device may be arranged so that their light absorption axes are perpendicular to each other. The light transmission axes of the first and second polarizing plates 1021 and 1022 may be perpendicular to each other. In the above, vertical means substantially vertical, and may include, for example, an error within ± 15 degrees, within ± 10 ° C., or within ± 5 degrees.

  The RG and LG regions included in the polarization adjusting element 105 are regions that can adjust the polarization states of the R and L signals, respectively. In one example, the RG and LG regions may be regions that serve to allow the R and L signals to be emitted from the display device while having different polarization states.

  In one example, the RG region may be arranged so that an R signal generated and transmitted in the RS region can be incident in a driving state, and the LG region has an L signal generated and transmitted in the LS region. You may arrange | position so that it may inject. The RG and LG regions, for example, may have a similar size to the RG or LG region, respectively, and may be arranged to overlap each other when the display device is viewed from the front, but are generated in the RS region. As long as the R signal can be incident on the RG region and the L signal generated in the LS region can be incident on the LG region, the R signal and the LS region must It does not have to be of similar size or be placed in an overlapping position.

  For example, the RG and LG regions are formed in a stripe shape extending in the same direction, for example, the length direction, corresponding to the arrangement of the RS and LS regions of the display element 103, and are alternately arranged adjacent to each other. Or may be alternately arranged adjacent to each other in a lattice pattern. For example, when the RS and LS regions are arranged as shown in FIG. 3, the RG and LG regions may be arranged as shown in FIG. 7, and the RS and LS regions are arranged as shown in FIG. In this case, the RG and LG regions may be arranged as shown in FIG.

  The R and L signals transmitted through the RG and LG regions, respectively, can be signals that are linearly polarized in directions that are substantially perpendicular to each other. In another example, one of the R and L signals transmitted through the RG and LG regions, respectively, may be a left circularly polarized signal and the other signal may be a right circularly polarized signal. it can. For this, one or more of the LG and RG regions can include a retardation layer.

  For example, in the case where signals with left and right circular polarization can be generated, the RG and LG regions both include a retardation layer, and the retardation layer included in the RG region and the retardation included in the LG region. A case where the layer is a λ / 4 wavelength layer can be exemplified. In order to generate circularly polarized light rotating in opposite directions, the optical axis of the λ / 4 wavelength layer disposed in the RG region and the optical axis of the λ / 4 wavelength layer disposed in the LG region are different from each other. It may be formed as follows. In one example, the RG region includes a λ / 4 wavelength layer having an optical axis in the first direction as a retardation layer, and the LG region has an optical axis in a second direction different from the first direction as the retardation layer. A λ / 4 wavelength layer can be included. As used herein, the term “nλ wavelength layer” may refer to a phase delay element capable of delaying incident light by n times the wavelength, where n is, for example, 1/2, It can be 1/4 or 3/4. In addition, the term “optical axis” in the present specification may mean a slow axis or a fast axis in the process of light passing through the region, for example, a slow axis. Can mean.

  The aspect of RG and LG area | region is not restrict | limited to the above aspects. For example, if one of the RG and LG regions includes a 3λ / 4 wavelength layer and the other region includes a λ / 4 wavelength layer, it generates left and right circularly polarized light. be able to.

  In another example, one of the RG and LG regions may be a λ / 2 wavelength layer, and the other region may be an optically isotropic region. In such a case, the R and L signals transmitted through the RG and LG regions, respectively, are emitted by the 3D device in the form of linearly polarized light having polarization axes in directions substantially perpendicular to each other. Can do.

  Exemplary polarization control elements can further include a substrate layer. In such a case, the retardation layer such as the 1/4, 3/4, or 1/2 wavelength layer or the optically isotropic layer may be formed on the base material layer. Such a polarization adjusting element can be included in the apparatus, for example, such that the retardation layer is disposed on the display element side and the base material layer is disposed on the observer side.

  As a base material layer, the glass base material layer or plastic base material layer normally used for manufacture of an optical element can be used, for example.

  As the plastic substrate, a cellulose substrate layer such as TAC (triacetyl cellulose) or DAC (diacetyl cellulose); a cyclic olefin resin (COP) such as a norbornene derivative; PMMA (poly (methyl) acrylic substrate layer such as methacrylate (polyacrylate) substrate layer; polyolefin substrate layer such as PE (polypropylene) or PP (polypropylene); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, polyvinyl alcohol) substrate layer A polyethersulfone (PES) base layer; a polyether Polyetheretherphthalate (PEEK) substrate layer; Polyetherimide (PEI) substrate layer; Polyethylenenaphthalate substrate layer; Polyester substrate layer such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate); Polyimide substrate layer such as PET (PI, polyimide) substrate layer; polysulfone (PSF) substrate layer; or fluororesin substrate such as amorphous fluororesin etc. In one example, a TAC substrate Cellulose substrates such as layers can be used.

  The substrate layer may be a single layer structure or a multilayer structure, but is preferably a single layer structure in terms of providing a thinner element. The thickness of the base material layer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately adjusted depending on the intended use.

  In one example, the retardation layer that may be formed on the substrate layer may include an alignment layer formed on the substrate layer and a liquid crystal layer formed on the alignment layer. The liquid crystal layer can be, for example, the λ / 4, 3λ / 4, or λ / 2 wavelength layer, and the alignment layer below the liquid crystal layer is a layer that serves to control the optical axis of the wavelength layer. Can do. As the alignment layer, a normal alignment layer known in this field can be used. For example, as the alignment layer, the orientation is determined and determined by cis-trans isomerization, fleece rearrangement, or dimerization reaction induced by irradiation with linearly polarized light. An alignment layer or a plurality of grooves formed by an imprinting method such as a nanoimprinting method, a photo-alignment layer capable of inducing alignment to an adjacent liquid crystal layer by alignment, a polymer layer such as a rubbed polyimide layer Examples thereof include a resin layer formed by patterning a region.

  The liquid crystal layer can be a photocrosslinkable or photopolymerizable layer of a photocrosslinkable or photopolymerizable liquid crystal compound. In this field, various liquid crystal compounds exhibiting the above-described properties are known, and examples thereof include RM (Reactive Mesogen) manufactured by Mark and LG242 manufactured by BASF.

  The method for manufacturing the polarization adjusting element is not particularly limited. In this field, various methods for manufacturing a polarization adjusting element are known, and all of the above known methods can be applied.

  The viewing angle adjusting film 104 can be, for example, a film in which a translucent region and a TC2 region are formed. As a result, light incident on one side of the film is incident on the translucent region and is transmitted through the film, and light incident on the TC2 region is blocked by the TC2 region or only partially transmitted. Can be done. FIG. 9 exemplarily shows a case where the viewing angle adjusting film is observed from the side, and the translucent region is indicated by P in FIG. In the viewing angle adjusting film, the translucent region P and the TC2 region are formed in a stripe shape extending in the same direction as shown in FIG. 10 when the film is observed in front, and adjacent to each other. Alternatively, they may be alternately arranged, or may be alternately arranged adjacent to each other in a lattice pattern as shown in FIG.

  The viewing angle adjusting film can be disposed between the polarization adjusting element 105 and the display element 103 or outside the polarization adjusting element 105. The viewing angle adjusting film can be arranged such that the TC2 region is located adjacent to the LG and RG regions. For example, the viewing angle adjusting film is incident on the RG and / or LG region when at least part of the R and / or L signals emitted from the display element 103 is observed at any one angle within the viewing angle. It may be arranged so that it can enter the TC2 region before or after passing through the RG and / or LG region.

  For example, the viewing angle adjusting film may be disposed so that the TC2 region overlaps at least a part of the LG and / or RG region at the boundary between the LG and RG regions when the display device is observed in front. 12 is a diagram further illustrating the arrangement of the LG and RG regions in FIG. 7 in consideration of the presence of the TC2 region of the viewing angle adjusting film. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the LG and RG regions in FIG. It is the figure illustrated considering the presence of the area | region.

  In one example, the TC1 and TC2 regions may satisfy Equation 1 below. The luminance characteristics and viewing angle of the display device can be appropriately ensured within a range that satisfies the following mathematical formula 1.

[Formula 1]
-2 × H ₁ ≦ H ₂ ≦ 2 × H ₁

In Equation 1, H ₁ and H ₂ are the widths of the TC1 and TC2 regions, respectively.
The specific ranges of “H ₁ ” and “H ₂ ” can be appropriately selected in consideration of the range satisfying Formula 1 according to the specific specifications of the display device. Is not particularly limited. H ₂ can be, for example, in the range of more than 0 μm and 1,000 μm or less. The lower limit of H ₂ may be, for example, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 75 μm, or 80 μm. The upper limit of H ₂ may be, for example, 900 μm, 800 μm, 700 μm, 600 μm, 500 μm, 400 μm, 300 μm, 290 μm, 280 μm, 270 μm, 260 μm, 250 μm, 240 μm, 230 μm, 220 μm, 210 μm or 200 μm. Various numerical values are selected and combined within the range of the upper limit and the lower limit, and the range of H2 can be defined.

“H ₁ ” can be selected in consideration of the values of Equation 1 and H ₂ , for example, and in another example, has a value similar to a black matrix included in a typical 3D device. be able to.

For example, the display device may have a relative luminance of 60% or more, 65% or more, or 70% or more observed from the front. The term “relative luminance” includes a viewing angle adjusting film in which a TC1 region is formed and a luminance I _O in a display device in which a TC1 region is not formed and a viewing angle adjusting film is not included. it can mean the ratio _I T / _{I O} of the luminance _{I T} of the display device.

In the display device, the viewing angle adjusting film has, for example, a maximum value of an angle “θ _U ” satisfying the following formula 2 and an angle “θ _L ” satisfying the following formula 3 is 3 degrees or more, 5 degrees or more, 8 degrees or more. 8.5 degrees or more, 9 degrees or more, 9.5 degrees or more, 10 degrees or more, 10.5 degrees or more, 11 degrees or more, 11.5 degrees or more, 12 degrees or more, 12.5 degrees or more, 13 degrees or more You may arrange | position so that it may become 13.5 degree or more, 14 degree or more, 14.5 degree or more, or 15 degree or more.

[Formula 2]
tan θ _U = (H ₁ + 2y) / 2T

[Formula 3]
tan θ _L = (H ₁ + 2H ₂ -2y) / 2T

In Equation 2 and Equation 3, _{H 1} is the width of the TC1 region, _{H 2} is the width of TC2 region, T is at a distance from TC1 area of the display element to TC2 region of a viewing angle adjustment film Yes, y is the distance from the point where the imaginary normal to the surface of the TC1 region of the line that bisects the width of the TC1 region contacts the TC2 region to the portion where the TC2 region exists.

Equations 2 and 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 as follows.
The term “viewing angle” refers to the range of angles through which the L signal can be transmitted through the LG region and transmitted to the viewer without passing through the RG region, or the R signal can be transmitted through the RG region and the LG region. Assuming that it means the range of angles that can be transmitted to the observer without transmission, the viewing angles are denoted as “θ _U ” and “θ _L ” in FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively. Yes.

  As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the viewing angle can be determined by the distance T from the TC1 region to the TC2 region and the width of the TC1 and TC2 regions. The distance T can be, for example, the distance from the surface of the TC1 region facing the polarization adjusting element 105 to the surface of the TC2 region facing the display element 103. The distance T is determined by the specifications of the display device and is not particularly limited. For example, the distance T can be 5 mm or less, or about 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the viewing angles “θ _U ” and “θ _L ” are the widths of the TC1 and TC2 regions (H ₁ and H ₂ ) and the TC1 and TC2 regions when the distance T is the same. It can be seen that it is determined by the relative position.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the viewing angle “θ _U ” is the TC 1 or display of the line tan θ _U is a value that is ½ times the width H ₁ of the TC 1 region and the line that bisects the width of the TC 1 region. as normal C virtual to the surface of the element 103 is equal to the numerical value obtained by dividing the sum of the distance y to the portion where there is TC2 region from a point in contact with TC2 region (H _1/2 + y) by the distance T It can be seen that it is formed. Further, the viewing angle “θ _L ” is a value obtained by dividing tan θ _L into a value that is ½ times the width H ₁ of the TC1 region and a line that bisects the width H _{1 of the} TC1 region from the width H _{2 of the} TC2 region. the sum of the imaginary normal line C value is obtained by subtracting the distance y to the portion where there is TC2 region from a point in contact with TC2 region _H 2 -y for TC1 region or surface of the display device _{103 (H 1/2 + H} 2 - It can be seen that y) is formed to be the same as the numerical value divided by the distance T.

  In a display device including the TC1 and TC2 areas, by appropriately adjusting the size of the TC1 and TC2 areas, for example, the width and the relative position of the TC1 and TC2 areas, a wide viewing angle can be secured when viewing stereoscopic images. However, it is possible to ensure excellent luminance characteristics.

One exemplary display device has a relative luminance observed in front of 60% or more, 65% or more, or 70% or more, and at the same time, the maximum value of the angle θ _U satisfying Equation 2 and Equation 3 are set. The maximum value of the angle θ _{L to be} satisfied is 3 degrees or more, 5 degrees or more, 8 degrees or more, 8.5 degrees or more, 9 degrees or more, 9.5 degrees or more, 10 degrees or more, 10.5 degrees or more, 11 degrees The angle can be 11.5 degrees or more, 12 degrees or more, 12.5 degrees or more, 13 degrees or more, 13.5 degrees or more, 14 degrees or more, 14.5 degrees or more, or 15 degrees or more.

  The present application also relates to a viewing angle adjusting film, for example, a viewing angle adjusting film used in the display device described above. The specific contents related to the viewing angle adjusting film may be the same as those already described. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the viewing angle adjusting film can include, for example, a light-transmitting region P and a TC2 region. In this manner, the stripes may be formed in stripes extending in the same direction and alternately arranged adjacent to each other, or alternately arranged adjacent to each other in a lattice pattern as shown in FIG.

  The viewing angle adjusting film may include a translucent base material layer and a light blocking or light absorbing pattern formed on the base material layer. FIG. 16 shows an exemplary viewing angle adjusting film 900 including a translucent substrate layer 1601 and a light blocking or absorbing pattern 1602. A TC2 region may be formed by the light blocking or light absorbing pattern 1602, and a portion where the pattern 1602 is not formed may act as the light transmitting region P.

  The light blocking or light absorbing pattern can be formed using, for example, a light blocking or light absorbing ink. For example, the light blocking or absorbing pattern can be formed by printing a light blocking or light absorbing ink on the light transmissive substrate layer in consideration of the shape, pattern and position of the target TC2 region.

  For example, the ink is not particularly limited, and a known light-blocking or light-absorbing ink can be used. Examples of such inks include inks containing inorganic pigments such as carbon black, graphite or iron oxide, and organic pigments such as azo pigments or phthalocyanine pigments. Can be formulated with a suitable binder and / or solvent and applied to the printing process. For example, the light transmittance of the TC2 region can be adjusted by adjusting the blending amount and type of the pigment. The light blocking or light absorbing pattern may be formed of a pigment (such as chromium (Cr), a chromium / chromium oxide bilayer film (Cr / CrOx bilayer film), carbon black, carbon pigment, and the like ( The pattern may be formed by including a resin layer including pigment or graphite.

  The printing method for forming the light blocking or light absorbing pattern is not particularly limited, and for example, a printing method such as screen printing or gravure printing, a selective jetting method using an ink jet method, or a nano imprinting method should be used. Can do. The light blocking or light absorbing pattern can also be formed, for example, using a conventional method of forming a black matrix. For example, the light blocking or light absorbing pattern can be formed on the light transmissive substrate layer by photolithography or a lift-off method.

  As a translucent base material layer, the glass base material layer or plastic base material layer used for a base material layer in the said polarization control element can be used, for example. For example, the translucent substrate layer may have an in-plane retardation of 50 nm or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm and a retardation in the thickness direction of 200 nm or less. The image quality can be improved in such a range.

  The in-plane retardation can be a numerical value calculated by the following mathematical formula 4, and the thickness direction retardation can be a numerical value calculated by the following mathematical formula 5.

[Formula 4]
RI = d × (Nx−Ny)

[Formula 5]
RT = d × (Nz−Ny)

  In Equation 4 and Equation 5, RI is the in-plane retardation, RT is the thickness direction retardation, d is the thickness of the translucent substrate layer, and Nx, Ny, and Nz are These are the refractive indices for light having a wavelength of 550 nm in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions of the translucent substrate layer, respectively.

  In the above, the x-axis means any one direction in the plane of the translucent substrate layer 100, for example, as shown in FIG. 17, and the y-axis represents an in-plane direction perpendicular to the x-axis. The z-axis may mean the direction of the normal line of the plane formed by the x-axis and the y-axis, for example, the thickness direction of the translucent substrate layer. In one example, the x-axis is a direction parallel to a slow axis of the translucent substrate layer, and the y-axis is a fast axis of the translucent substrate layer. Can be parallel directions.

  The present application also relates to an optical filter, for example, an optical filter for a stereoscopic image display device. An exemplary optical filter may include the polarization adjusting element; and the viewing angle adjusting film disposed on one surface of the polarization adjusting element. For example, the optical filter includes a polarization adjusting element including first and second regions formed so as to divide incident light into two or more types of light having different polarization states; A viewing angle adjusting film including a light-sensitive region and a TC2 region.

  The specific contents related to the polarization adjusting element and the viewing angle adjusting film may be the same as those already described. In such a case, one of the first and second regions of the polarization adjusting element is the already described RG region, and the other region is the already described LG region. Accordingly, when the first and second regions are observed in front, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the first and second regions are formed in a stripe shape extending in the same direction and are alternately arranged adjacent to each other, or As shown in FIG. 8, they may be alternately arranged adjacent to each other in a lattice pattern.

  The viewing angle adjusting film has a TC2 region located at the boundary between the first and second regions when the optical filter is observed in front as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, for example. Alternatively, it may be disposed on one surface of the polarization adjusting element so as to overlap a part of the second region.

  By using an exemplary display device, a viewing angle adjusting film, or an optical filter, for example, a stereoscopic image can be observed with a wide viewing angle without loss of luminance.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display device. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example arrangement | positioning of LS area | region and RS area | region. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example arrangement | positioning of LS area | region and RS area | region. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example arrangement | positioning of LS area | region, RS area | region, and TC1 area | region. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example arrangement | positioning of LS area | region, RS area | region, and TC1 area | region. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example arrangement | positioning of LG area | region and RG area | region. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example arrangement | positioning of LG area | region and RG area | region. It is drawing which shows the film for viewing angle adjustment exemplarily. It is a figure which shows the exemplary arrangement | positioning of the translucent area | region and TC2 area | region of the film for viewing angle adjustment. It is a figure which shows the exemplary arrangement | positioning of the translucent area | region and TC2 area | region of the film for viewing angle adjustment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the exemplary arrangement | positioning of LG area | region, RG area | region, and TC2 area | region. It is a schematic diagram which shows the exemplary arrangement | positioning of LG area | region, RG area | region, and TC2 area | region. It is an exemplary figure explaining the viewing angle of a display. It is an exemplary figure explaining the viewing angle of a display. It is a figure which shows the film for an exemplary viewing angle adjustment. It is a schematic diagram for setting the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis of a translucent base material layer. FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary optical filter.

  Hereinafter, although the said apparatus is demonstrated in detail by an Example and a comparative example, the range of the said apparatus is not restrict | limited here.

Examples 1-4
A device having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 and including a transmissive liquid crystal panel as the display element 103 is formed. As the liquid crystal panel, the RS and LS regions are arranged as shown in FIG. 3, the TC1 region is formed by the black matrix of the color filter of the liquid crystal panel, and the TC1 region is between the RS and LS regions and the RS and LS regions. A panel formed so as to overlap a part and to be positioned as shown in FIG. 5 was used. The TC1 region was formed so that the range where the TC1 region overlaps the RS region and the range where the LS1 region overlaps are the same. Further, the RG and LG regions of the polarization adjusting element 105 are arranged in the form as shown in FIG. As the viewing angle adjusting film 104, a light blocking ink is applied to the surface of a TAC (Triacetyl cellulose) film having an in-plane retardation of 10 nm or less and a thickness direction retardation of 50 nm or less as a translucent substrate. A film printed so as to form the TC2 region in the form as shown in FIG. 10 was used, and this was disposed between the polarization adjusting element 105 and the second polarizing plate 1022 as shown in FIG. At the time of arrangement, the TC2 region of the viewing angle adjusting film 104 is formed so as to overlap with a part of the RG and LG regions between the RG and LG regions of the polarization adjusting element 105 and positioned as shown in FIG. range but overlapping the scope and LG region overlapping the RG region, to be identical to form a TC2 region (i.e., referring to FIG. 15, the viewing angle adjustment film so y is H _2/2 Arranged.) In the device, a retardation layer (1/4 wavelength layer) in which a slow axis is formed in a direction forming 45 degrees counterclockwise to the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate 1022 is positioned in the RG region. Includes a retardation layer (¼ wavelength layer) in which a slow axis is formed in a direction that forms 45 degrees clockwise with the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate 1022, and the first and second polarizing plates 1021. The absorption axes of 1022 were arranged so as to be perpendicular to each other. The distance between the TC1 and TC2 regions (T in FIG. 15) was about 1 mm, the sum of the widths of the LG and RG regions was about 545 μm, and the widths of the LG and RG regions were substantially identical to each other. . Adjusting the width of the TC1 and TC2 regions (H ₁ and H ₂ ) so that a maximum viewing angle (“θ _U ” or “θ _L ”) of about 13.5 degrees in the device can be ensured in all embodiments; In each embodiment, the width of the TC1 and TC2 regions (H ₁ and H ₂ ) is changed as shown in Table 1 below, and the apparatus is driven to depend on each viewing angle (“θ _U ” or “θ _L ”). The relative luminance was measured using a luminance meter (equipment name: SR-UL2 Spectrometer), and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

Comparative Example 1
The apparatus was configured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that the viewing angle adjusting film 104 was not used. As in the embodiment, the maximum viewing angle ( _{"θ U"} or "θ _L") was adjusted to about 13.5 degrees can be ensured width H ₁ of the TC1 region 240 .mu.m, to constitute a unit. While driving the apparatus as described above, the relative luminance by each viewing angle (“θ _U ” or “θ _L ”) was measured using a luminance meter (equipment name: SR-UL2 Spectrometer), and the result was as follows: It described in Table 2.

101 Light source 1021, 1022 Polarizing plate 103 Display element 104, 900 Viewing angle adjustment film TC1, TC2 Light transmission amount adjustment area 105 Polarization adjustment element LS or RS Left eye or right eye signal generation area LG or RG For left eye or Right eye polarization adjustment region P Translucent region H ₁ TC1 region width H ₂ TC2 region width T TC1 region and TC2 region distance C TC1 region or TC1 region of a line that bisects the width of TC1 region Virtual normal to the surface y Distance from the point where the virtual normal C contacts the TC2 region to the portion where the TC2 region exists θ _U , θ _L Viewing angle 1601, 100 Translucent base material layer 1602 Light blocking property or Light absorption pattern

Claims (6)

A right-eye and left-eye signal generation region capable of generating a right-eye signal and a left-eye signal, respectively, and a first light transmission amount adjustment region adjacent to the right-eye and left-eye signal generation regions; A display element;
A polarization adjustment element including a right-eye signal polarization adjustment region at a position where the right-eye signal can be incident and a left-eye signal polarization adjustment region where the left-eye signal can be incident;
A second light transmission amount adjustment region that is located between the polarization adjustment element and the display element or outside the polarization adjustment element and is formed adjacent to the right-eye and left-eye signal polarization adjustment regions; Including a viewing angle adjusting film; and
The viewing angle adjusting film is arranged such that the maximum value of the angle theta _L satisfying angle theta _U and the following Equation 3 satisfies the following formula 2 is equal to or greater than 3 degrees both, the display device:
[Formula 2]
tan θ _U = (H ₁ + 2y) / 2T
[Formula 3]
tan θ _L = (H ₁ + 2H ₂ -2y) / 2T
In Equations 2 and 3, H ₁ is the width of the first light transmission amount adjustment region, H ₂ is the width of the second light transmission amount adjustment region, and T is the first light transmission amount. A distance from the adjustment region to the second light transmission amount adjustment region; y is a virtual line with respect to the surface of the first light transmission amount adjustment region of a line that bisects the width of the first light transmission amount adjustment region The distance from the point where the normal line contacts the second light transmission amount adjustment region to the portion where the second light transmission amount adjustment region exists.   The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first light transmission amount adjustment region and the second light transmission amount adjustment region each have a light transmittance of 0% to 20%.   When viewed from the front, the first light transmission amount adjustment region is located at a boundary between the right-eye and left-eye signal generation regions and overlaps a part of the right-eye or left-eye signal generation region. The display device according to claim 1, which is located in   The viewing angle adjusting film is located at a boundary between the right-eye and left-eye signal polarization adjusting regions when the second light transmission amount adjusting region is viewed from the front, and the right-eye or left-eye The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is positioned so as to overlap with a part of the signal polarization adjustment region.   5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first light transmission amount adjustment region includes chromium, a two-layer film of chromium and chromium oxide, a resin layer containing pigment, or graphite. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the relative luminance observed in front is 60% or more.

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