JP5784905B2 - 異種のセパレーターを備えた電気化学素子 - Google Patents
異種のセパレーターを備えた電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5784905B2 JP5784905B2 JP2010506040A JP2010506040A JP5784905B2 JP 5784905 B2 JP5784905 B2 JP 5784905B2 JP 2010506040 A JP2010506040 A JP 2010506040A JP 2010506040 A JP2010506040 A JP 2010506040A JP 5784905 B2 JP5784905 B2 JP 5784905B2
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Images
Classifications
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Description
[第1セパレーターの製造]
PVdF‐CTFE(ポリビニリデンフルオライド‐クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体)をアセトンに約5重量%の重量比で添加し、50℃で約12時間以上溶解させて高分子溶液を製造した。製造した高分子溶液にAl2O3粉末とBaTiO3粉末とを9:1の重量比で高分子/無機物粉末=20/80の重量比になるように添加し、12時間以上ボールミル法を用いて無機物粉末を300nmの大きさに破砕及び分散してスラリーを製造した。
高分子としてPVdF‐HFP(ポリビニリデンフルオライド‐ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体)を用い、厚さ20μmであるポリエチレン多孔性膜(気孔率45%)を用いたことを除いては、第1セパレーターの製造方法と同一に行った。
カソード活物質粒子としてリチウムコバルト複合酸化物92重量%、導電材としてカーボンブラック(carbon black)4重量%、結合剤としてPVDF4重量%を溶剤であるN‐メチル‐2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加してカソード活物質スラリーを製造した。前記カソード活物質スラリーを厚さが20μmであるカソード集電体のアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布、乾燥してカソードを製造した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を行った。
アノード活物質として炭素粉末、結合剤としてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)、導電材としてカーボンブラックをそれぞれ96重量%、3重量%、1重量%にし、溶剤であるN‐メチル‐2ピロリドンに添加してアノード活物質スラリーを製造した。前記アノード活物質スラリーを厚さが10μmであるアノード集電体である銅(Cu)薄膜に塗布、乾燥してアノードを製造した後、ロールプレスを行った。
前述の方法に従って製造したカソード、アノード及び第1セパレーターをスタッキング方式を用いて単位セルを組み立てた。それから、単位セルを第2セパレーターを用いて折り畳み方式で巻いて図1の構造の電極組立体を製造した。次いで、電解液(エチレンカーボネート(EC)/エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=1 / 2(体積比)、リチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(LiPF6)1モル)を注入してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
第1セパレーターとしてポリエチレン多孔性膜を用いた第2セパレーターを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で電池を製造した。
第2セパレーターとしてポリエチレンテレフタレート多孔性膜を用いた第1セパレーターを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で電池を製造した。
実施例及び比較例のリチウム二次電池を160度で1時間放置し、電池の状態を評価して下記表1に示した。
実施例及び比較例の電池を6V/1A、10V/1A及び12V/1Aの条件で充電し、以後電池の状態を評価して下記表2に示した。
Claims (15)
- 第1セパレーターと前記第1セパレーターの両側に位置したカソード及びアノードをそれぞれ備える複数の単位セル;及び
積層された形態で対応するように隣接した各々の単位セルの間に介されて各々の単位セルを囲むように配置された、連続した単一の第2セパレーターを備える電気化学素子において、
前記第1セパレーターは、融点が200℃以上である耐熱性多孔性基材と、前記耐熱性多孔性基材の少なくとも一面にコートされており、複数の無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子の混合物から形成された第1多孔性コーティング層とを含み、
前記第2セパレーターは、ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材と、前記ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材の少なくとも一面にコートされており、複数の無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子の混合物から形成された第2多孔性コーティング層とを含み、
前記第1多孔性コーティング層及び第2多孔性コーティング層の無機物粒子とバインダー高分子との重量比は、互いに独立して、50:50ないし99:1であることを特徴とする電気化学素子。 - 前記耐熱性多孔性基材は、ポリエステル(Polyester)、ポリアセタール(Polyacetal)、ポリアミド(Polyamide)、ポリカーボネート(Polycarbonate)、ポリイミド(Polyimide)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(Polyetheretherketone)、ポリエーテルスルホン(Polyethersulfone)、ポリフェニレンスルフィドロ(Polyphenylenesulfidro)、ポリエチレンナフタレン(Polyethylenenaphthalene)及びポリフェニレンオキシド(Polyphenyleneoxide)からなる群より選択された何れか一つまたはこれらのうち2種以上の混合物から形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記耐熱性多孔性基材の厚さは1ないし100μmであり、気孔の大きさ及び気孔率はそれぞれ0.01ないし50μm及び5ないし95%であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択された何れか一つから形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材の融点は、130ないし160℃であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材の厚さは1ないし100μmであり、気孔の大きさ及び気孔率はそれぞれ0.1ないし50μm及び10ないし95%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記第1多孔性コーティング層及び第2多孔性コーティング層の無機物粒子の粒径は、互いに独立して、0.001ないし10μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記第1多孔性コーティング層及び第2多孔性コーティング層の無機物粒子は、互いに独立して、誘電率定数が5以上である無機物粒子、リチウムイオン伝達能力を有する無機物粒子及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択された何れか一つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記誘電率定数が5以上である無機物粒子は、BaTiO3、Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT)、Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3(PLZT)、PB(Mg3Nb2/3)O3−PbTiO3(PMN‐PT)、ハフニア(HfO2)、SrTiO3、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、ZnO、ZrO2、SiO2、Y2O3、Al2O3、SiC及びTiO2からなる群より選択された何れか一つの無機物粒子であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記誘電率定数が5以上である無機物粒子は、BaTiO3、Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT)、Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3(PLZT)、PB(Mg3Nb2/3)O3−PbTiO3(PMN‐PT)及びハフニア(HfO2)からなる群より選択された何れか一つの圧電性無機物粒子であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝達能力を有する無機物粒子は、リチウムホスフェート(Li3PO4)、リチウムチタンホスフェート(LixTiy(PO4)3, 0<x<2, 0<y<3)、リチウムアルミニウムチタンホスフェート(LixAlyTiz(PO4)3, 0<x<2, 0<y<1, 0<z<3)、(LiAlTiP)xOy系列ガラス(0<x<4, 0<y<13)、リチウムランタンチタネート(LixLayTiO3, 0<x<2, 0<y<3)、リチウムゲルマニウムチオホスフェート(LixGeyPzSw, 0<x<4, 0<y<1, 0<z<1, 0<w<5)、リチウムナイトライド(LixNy, 0<x<4, 0<y<2)、SiS2(LixSiySz, 0<x<3, 0<y<2, 0<z<4)系列ガラス及びP2S5(LixPySz, 0<x<3, 0<y<3, 0<z<7)系列ガラスからなる群より選択された何れか一つの無機物粒子であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記第1多孔性コーティング層及び第2多孔性コーティング層のバインダー高分子は、互いに独立して、溶解度指数が15ないし45MPa1/2であることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記バインダー高分子は、ポリビニリデンフルオライド‐ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド‐トリクロロエチレン(polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐trichloroethylene)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(polymethylmethacrylate)、ポリアクリロニトリル(polyacrylonitrile)、ポリビニルピロリドン(polyvinylpyrrolidone)、ポリビニルアセテート(polyvinylacetate)、エチレンビニルアセテート共重合体(polyethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)、ポリエチレンオキシド(polyethylene oxide)、セルロースアセテート(cellulose acetate)、セルロースアセテートブチレート(cellulose acetate butyrate)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(cellulose acetate propionate)、シアノエチルプルラン(cyanoethylpullulan)、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール(cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol)、シアノエチルセルロース(cyanoethylcellulose)、シアノエチルスクロース(cyanoethylsucrose)、プルラン(pullulan)及びカルボキシルメチルセルロース(carboxyl methyl cellulose)からなる群より選択された何れか一つのバインダー高分子またはこれらのうち2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記第1多孔性コーティング層及び第2多孔性コーティング層の厚さは、互いに独立して、0.01ないし20μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子は、リチウム二次電池であることを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
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JP2010525542A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
US8741470B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
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KR100966024B1 (ko) | 2010-06-24 |
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