JP5764572B2 - 二酸化塩素発生のシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
二酸化塩素発生のシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5764572B2 JP5764572B2 JP2012543193A JP2012543193A JP5764572B2 JP 5764572 B2 JP5764572 B2 JP 5764572B2 JP 2012543193 A JP2012543193 A JP 2012543193A JP 2012543193 A JP2012543193 A JP 2012543193A JP 5764572 B2 JP5764572 B2 JP 5764572B2
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- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 138
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940077239 chlorous acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000003176 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283070 Equus zebra Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/02—Oxides of chlorine
- C01B11/022—Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
- C01B11/023—Preparation from chlorites or chlorates
- C01B11/024—Preparation from chlorites or chlorates from chlorites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J10/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J10/002—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor carried out in foam, aerosol or bubbles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/02—Oxides of chlorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/03—Preparation from chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
- B01J2204/005—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the outlet side being of particular interest
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
- B01J2219/00033—Continuous processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
- B01J2219/00166—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
式I
(Cl)(Fl)=C2
[式中、
F1は、亜塩素酸ナトリウムの少なくとも1つの反応器への供給流量(容積/時間)であり、
C1は、反応器に供給される亜塩素酸ナトリウムの量当たりの生成されるClO2の量であり;および
C2は、ClO2生産量(量/時間)である。]。
4NaClO2+2H2SO4→2ClO2+HClO3+2Na2SO4+H2O+HCl
1.外洋船のバラスト水。海外港で船底内に流入され得る幼生および成体段階の外来種を、このようなバラスト水を他港で排出する前に殺生すること(アメリカ合衆国でのゼブラマッスルのような環境問題を防ぐように);
2.国内の廃棄物、農業または他の処理プラントプロセスのスラッジ/バイオソリッドを消毒および/または殺菌すること;
3.飲料に適した(飲用の)水に用いられる水、動物の畜産に用いられる水または他のプロセスの水のための水源を消毒すること;
4.果実および野菜のための洗浄および消毒用途。二酸化塩素は、ある種の農薬の残留物を酸化して、それらを消費者に対して有害でないようにすると認識される。
5.重症急性呼吸器症候群(SARS)の発生領域内の廃水に付加的な処理を提供する方法として(例えば、発生させた二酸化塩素を、WVVTPに流れ込んでいる廃水流れに適用することおよび/またはこのような症候群の犠牲者が住んでいると知られている場所に適用することによって)。
6.コロイド状の硫黄を形成せずに硫化水素のような硫化物を酸化させて臭気制御すること。
7.パルプと紙を処理し、表面を消毒し、および他のEPA認可目的のために、二酸化塩素の貯蓄溶液を生成すること。
Claims (14)
- 酸性化剤源;
亜塩素酸ナトリウム源;および
反応器容積部を有する少なくとも1つの反応器であって、酸性化剤と亜塩素酸ナトリウムとを反応器容積部に供給するように、前記酸性化剤源と前記亜塩素酸ナトリウム源とに流体連結しており;および少なくとも1つの反応器への酸性化剤の流量と亜塩素酸ナトリウムの流量とに基づいて、二酸化塩素を対象の含水源に供給するように、対象の含水源に流体連結している、少なくとも1つの反応器、
を含み、
反応器の容積、および/または前記酸性化剤と亜塩素酸ナトリウムとの少なくとも1つの反応器への流量が、式Iに従って目標の二酸化塩素の生産量を実現するように設定され:
式I
(Cl)(Fl)=C2
[式中、
F1は、亜塩素酸ナトリウムの少なくとも1つの反応器への供給流量、容積/時間であり、
C1は、反応器に供給される亜塩素酸ナトリウムの量当たりの生成される二酸化塩素の量であり;および
C2は、二酸化塩素の生産量、量/時間である。]
前記反応器の容積とF1が、0.5分〜30分の範囲である酸性化剤と亜塩素酸ナトリウムとの間の接触時間をもたらすものである、対象の含水源に添加するための二酸化塩素発生システム。 - 前記酸性化剤を、F 1 と同等の流量F 2 で供給する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの反応器が、その頂末端において前記対象の含水源に流体連結し、および前記酸性化剤と前記亜塩素酸ナトリウムとを前記少なくとも1つの反応器の底末端に供給し、従って、酸性化剤と亜塩素酸ナトリウムとを接触させて、二酸化塩素を生成して前記対象の含水源に供給するように、前記少なくとも1つの反応器内の流体を前記底末端から前記頂末端に流す、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記接触時間が、1分〜20分の範囲にある、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記酸性化剤源が、30重量パーセント〜60重量パーセントの硫酸水溶液を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記酸性化剤源が、45重量パーセント〜55パーセントの硫酸水溶液を含む、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記酸性化剤源が、50重量パーセントの硫酸溶液を含む、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記亜塩素酸ナトリウム源が、7.5重量パーセント〜25重量パーセントの亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記亜塩素酸ナトリウム源が、12重量パーセント〜17重量パーセントの亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液を含む、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記亜塩素酸ナトリウム源が、15重量パーセントの亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液を含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 酸性化剤の容積と亜塩素酸ナトリウムの容積を、酸性化剤:亜塩素酸ナトリウムが0.1〜10.0:10〜0.1の比率範囲となるように、少なくとも1つの反応器に供給する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記比率が、1〜10:10〜1である、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記比率が、1:1である、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記対象の含水源が、前記少なくとも1つの反応器と連結している場所において、流動流れを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US26714209P | 2009-12-07 | 2009-12-07 | |
US61/267,142 | 2009-12-07 | ||
PCT/US2010/059208 WO2011071862A2 (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2010-12-07 | System and methods for generating chlorine dioxide |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2013512855A JP2013512855A (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
JP5764572B2 true JP5764572B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9492804B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2509914A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5764572B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120105477A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102753473B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2010328338B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012013874A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2783194C (ja) |
IL (1) | IL220214A (ja) |
MX (1) | MX338643B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011071862A2 (ja) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
CA2783194C (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2019-07-09 | Frederick P. Mussari | System and methods for generating chlorine dioxide |
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CA2783194C (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2019-07-09 | Frederick P. Mussari | System and methods for generating chlorine dioxide |
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CA2783194A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
WO2011071862A3 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
KR20120105477A (ko) | 2012-09-25 |
US20130015113A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
WO2011071862A2 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
IL220214A0 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
CN102753473A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
EP2509914A2 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
MX2012006529A (es) | 2012-10-05 |
CN102753473B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
MX338643B (es) | 2016-04-25 |
AU2010328338A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
CA2783194C (en) | 2019-07-09 |
BR112012013874A2 (pt) | 2016-05-10 |
JP2013512855A (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
EP2509914A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
US9492804B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
AU2010328338B2 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
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