JP5623932B2 - Fender - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fender, in particular, a fender having a low compression surface pressure and uniform, and excellent wear characteristics.

  Conventionally, a fender is provided on the quay to protect the quay and the ship from impacts and friction when the ship contacts the quay such as a harbor, a river, a ship repair dock, and the like. As such a fender, rubber fenders are generally used, but rubber has a high coefficient of friction with iron, which mainly constitutes the outer surface of the ship (usually 0.4), and is in the shear direction of the ship. Wear due to rubbing, scratching, scraping, etc. due to behavior. On the other hand, the impact-receiving surface that receives the impact when the ship berths is covered with a hard resin whose friction coefficient with iron is lower than that of rubber, so that the rubber part of the fender and the ship are in direct contact with each other. There are known fenders that prevent this.

  For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-309914 (Patent Document 1) discloses a fender having a synthetic resin layer having a smaller friction coefficient than rubber on the surface of the head in contact with the ship. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-93141 (Patent Document 2) includes a rubber fender main body and a surface layer that covers the receiving surface of the fender main body, and the surface layer is crystalline. A fender is disclosed which is made from a polymer blend of a polyolefin resin and a highly unsaturated diene rubber.

  Further, when a ship comes into contact with a fender provided on a quay, the ship receives a reaction force from the fender, but in order to reduce the reaction force, a leg is attached to the rear surface of the fender receiving section. In addition, a fender having a protrusion shorter than the leg is known.

  For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-88738 (Patent Document 3), a receiving part, a pair of first supporting parts connected to both sides of the receiving part, and a center of the receiving part are connected. Further, a fender having a second support part (projection part) is disclosed.

JP 2000-309914 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-93141 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-88738

  As described above, among the fenders attached to various places, fenders provided on the quay such as canals, narrow river channels, ship repair docks, etc. do not have the main purpose of absorbing energy at the time of ship berthing. , Mainly used as a protective material to prevent the ship from coming into direct contact with the quay. In this case, the fender is required to be more excellent in wear characteristics than the energy absorption performance at the time of ship berthing.

  In addition, the fenders provided on quays such as canals, narrow river channels, ship repair docks, etc. are compressed surface pressure (compressed) generated by the fenders being compressed during the shear movement of the ship from the viewpoint of protecting the ship. It is desirable for the load / impact area) to be lower and uniform.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide a fender having a low compression surface pressure and uniform, and excellent wear characteristics.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the inventor of the present invention has (1) a fender that includes a receiving part including a resin receiving plate and a pair of rubber legs. The width W of the impact portion and the height H of the fender have a specific relationship. (2) The thickness h _{1 of the} impact portion, the height h ₂ of the leg portion, and the thickness t of the leg portion And the height H of the fender have a specific relationship, and it is found that the compression surface pressure of the fender can be made low and uniform while improving the wear characteristics of the fender, and the present invention is completed. It came to.

That is, the fender according to the present invention comprises a receiving part including a resin receiving plate, and a pair of rubber legs provided on the lower side of the receiving part in the height direction of the fender. Prepared,
The width W of the impact receiving portion and the height H of the fender are expressed by the following formula (1):
2H ≦ W (1)
Where W is the width (mm) of the impact receiving portion and H is the height (mm) of the fender.
The thickness h _{1 of the} impact receiving portion, the height h ₂ of the leg portion, the thickness t of the leg portion, and the height H of the fender are expressed by the following formula (2):
_{h 2/4 ≦ t ≦ h} 1 ≦ H / 2 ≦ h 2 ··· (2)
[Where h ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the receiving part, h ₂ is the height (mm) of the leg, t is the thickness (mm) of the leg, and H is a fender It meets the height (mm) is on the relationship between the wood,
The impact receiving portion further includes a rubber impact receiving plate on the lower side in the height direction of the fender of the resin impact receiving plate,
The yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate is 20 to 35 MPa,
The Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate is 1.5 to 8 MPa,
The yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate and the Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate are given by the following formula (3):
H / T ₁ ≦ 5 × (Ep / Er) ^1/2 (3)
[ Wherein , H is the height (mm) of the fender, T ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the resin receiving plate, and Ep is the yield stress (MPa) of the resin receiving plate. in it, Er is satisfying the relationship of the Young's modulus of the rubber of the impact receiving plate (MPa)],
It is characterized by that.

In a preferable embodiment of the fender of the present invention, the thickness T ₁ of the resin of the impact receiving plate is 20mm or more. In this case, excellent wear characteristics can be imparted to the fender over a long period of time.

In fender of the present invention, the impact receiving portion is seen containing a rubber impact receiving plate fender height direction lower side of the resin of the impact receiving plate, made of resin impact receiving plate made of rubber Since the contact area with the impact receiving plate is widened, the adhesion between the resin part and the rubber part of the fender can be made extremely high.

Here, the yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate is 20 to 35 MPa,
The Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate is 1.5 to 8 MPa,
The yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate and the Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate are given by the following formula (3):
H / T ₁ ≦ 5 × (Ep / Er) ^1/2 (3)
[Wherein, H is the height (mm) of the fender, T ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the resin receiving plate, and Ep is the yield stress (MPa) of the resin receiving plate. And Er is the Young's modulus (MPa) of the rubber receiving plate], so that the resin receiving plate can sufficiently withstand the load during buckling deformation due to compression of the leg. Can do.

  In the fender according to the present invention, the impact receiving portion may be further provided with a protrusion between the pair of leg portions on the lower side of the impact receiving portion in the height direction of the fender. preferable. In this case, it is possible to reliably prevent the fenders from being damaged by the hooks of the ship.

  In a preferred example of the fender according to the present invention, the resin receiving plate is made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE). In this case, the wear resistance of the fender is very high.

According to the present invention, it includes a receiving portion including a resin receiving plate and a pair of rubber legs, and (1) the width W of the receiving portion and the height H of the fender are specified. Furthermore, (2) the thickness h _{1 of the} receiving part, the height h ₂ of the leg part, the thickness t of the leg part and the height H of the fender are in a specific relation, and compression It is possible to provide a fender having a low surface pressure, a uniform surface and excellent wear characteristics.

It is sectional drawing of an example of the fender of this invention. It is a perspective view of an example of the fender of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional view of an example of a fender having no rubber impact receiving plate. It is sectional drawing of an example of the fender which does not have a resin-made receiving plate. It is sectional drawing of an example of the fender which does not have a resin receiving board at the time of receiving a compressive load. It is sectional drawing of the suitable example of the fender of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the suitable example of the fender of this invention which received the compressive load.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The fender 1 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 includes an impact receiving portion 2 that receives an impact when a ship is berthing, and a pair of leg portions 3 provided on the lower surface of the impact receiving portion 2. Here, the leg part 3 is made of rubber, and the leg part 3 is provided with a flange 3a for attaching the fender 1 to a quay or the like. On the other hand, the impact receiving portion 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a resin impact plate 4 on the surface that contacts the ship (that is, the outermost surface). A rubber receiving plate 5 is provided on the lower side in the height direction of the saddle . In the impact receiving portion 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rubber impact receiving plate 5 is responsible only for large deformation during compression . Since the resin impact plate 4 has a lower coefficient of friction with the iron that mainly constitutes the outer surface of the ship than the rubber impact plate 5, the wear characteristics of the fender 1 can be improved.

  In the fender according to the present invention, the resin receiving plate 4 is preferably made of a hard resin, and particularly preferably made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE). Here, the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more. The ultra high molecular weight polyethylene has a low coefficient of friction with iron and is highly effective in improving the wear resistance of the fender.

  On the other hand, in the fender of the present invention, any rubber material can be used for the rubber leg 3 and the rubber receiving plate 5. As the rubber material, various rubber materials conventionally used for fenders can be used. For example, natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene A composition obtained by blending a rubber component such as rubber (IR) or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) with a filler such as carbon black, a vulcanizing agent such as sulfur, and other compounding agents can be used.

Here, in the fender 1 of the present invention, the width W of the impact receiving portion 2 and the height H of the fender 1 are represented by the following formula (1):
2H ≦ W (1)
[Where W is the width (mm) of the impact receiving portion, and H is the height (mm) of the fender). Thus, the fender 1 of the present invention has a width W of the impact receiving portion 2 that is at least twice as high as the height H of the fender 1 and is less than that of the conventional fender. Wide width W. Therefore, the fender 1 of the present invention has a wide impact area and can reduce the compression surface pressure (compression load / impact area) when subjected to a compression load.

  When the impact receiving portion is made of rubber, that is, as shown in FIG. 4, when the impact receiving portion 2 is composed of the rubber impact receiving plate 5, the width W of the impact receiving portion 2 is wide and the As shown in FIG. 5, when the height H of the brazing material 1 is twice or more, the center portion of the impact receiving portion 2 falls when subjected to a compressive load, and both edges of the impact receiving portion 2 are compressed during compression. The generated stress is concentrated and the compression pressure is not uniform. On the other hand, the fender 1 of the present invention increases the width W of the impact receiving portion 2 to be twice or more the height H of the fender 1 and the impact receiving portion 2 is made of resin. By including the impact receiving plate 4, the central portion of the impact receiving portion 2 when the compressive load is received is prevented from falling, so that the compression surface pressure can be made uniform.

Further, in the fender 1 of the present invention, the height h ₁ of the impact receiving portion 2, the height h ₂ of the leg 3, the thickness t of the leg 3 and the height H of the fender 1 are as follows. Formula (2):
_{h 2/4 ≦ t ≦ h} 1 ≦ H / 2 ≦ h 2 ··· (2)
[Where h ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the receiving part, h ₂ is the height (mm) of the leg, t is the thickness (mm) of the leg, and H is a fender It is the height of the material (mm)]. In the fender, when the thickness h ₁ of the impact receiving portion 2 is thinner than the thickness t of the rubber leg 3, the impact receiving portion 2 is bent first at the time of compressive deformation. Deforms and deviates from the design philosophy of absorbing the kinetic energy of the ship and generates an abnormal reaction force. However, if the thickness t of the leg part 3 is too smaller than the height h _{2 of} the leg part 3, the behavior during compression becomes unstable, the leg part 3 does not bend normally and falls down, and normal compression characteristics cannot be expressed. For this reason, the thickness t of the leg 3 is usually set to ¼ or more of the height h ₂ of the leg 3. Further, if the thickness h ₁ of the impact receiving portion 2 is thicker than half the height H of the fender 1, the deformation amount of the leg portion 3 is reduced, and the kinetic energy of the ship can be absorbed efficiently. Disappear. Similarly, the height h ₂ of the leg 3 is lower than half the height H of the marine fender 1, the deformation amount of the leg portion 3 is reduced, typically, the height h ₂ of the leg 3 is fendering It is set to 1/2 or more of the height H of the material 1.

In the fender 1 of the present invention, the thickness T 1 of the resin receiving plate 4 is preferably 20 mm or more, and more preferably 20 to ₁₀₀ mm from the viewpoint of manufacturing quality characteristics. When the thickness T ₁ of the resin of the impact receiving plate 4 is 20mm or more, rubbing, by such scratching, even when the impact receiving plate 4 made of resin wear, long time to disappear, over a long period Excellent wear characteristics can be imparted to the fender 1.

In the fender 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the impact receiving portion 2 includes a resin impact plate 4 and a lower side of the resin impact plate 4 in the height direction (that is, the resin impact plate 4). The rubber receiving plate 5 is provided on the lower side of the receiving plate in the thickness direction . In this case, since the contact area between the resin receiving plate 4 and the rubber receiving plate 5 is large, the adhesiveness between the resin portion and the rubber portion of the fender can be made extremely high. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, when the receiving part 2 is comprised only from the resin receiving plate 4, and a pair of leg part 3 is provided in the lower surface of the resin receiving plate 4, rubber feet Since the contact area between the portion 3 and the resin receiving plate 4 is reduced, the resin portion and the rubber portion are generally smaller than when the rubber receiving plate 5 is provided on the lower surface of the resin receiving plate 4. Adhesiveness with is reduced.

Here, in the fender 1 of the present invention, the yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate 4 is in the range of 20 to 35 MPa, while the Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate 5 is 1.5 to. The range is 8 MPa. The yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate 4 and the Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate 5 are expressed by the following formula (3):
H / T ₁ ≦ 5 × (Ep / Er) ^1/2 (3)
[Wherein, H is the height (mm) of the fender, T ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the resin receiving plate, and Ep is the yield stress (MPa) of the resin receiving plate. And Er is the Young's modulus (MPa) of the rubber receiving plate] .

In general, the resin is less likely to be deformed than rubber and cannot be restored after the yield point is exceeded. Therefore, it is preferable to withstand the load F at the time of compressive deformation due to compression of the leg 3. Here, assuming that the fender is an elastic deformable body and stands upright, the load R when the leg 3 is buckled and deformed is assumed to be free at both ends, from Euler's formula,
R = (π ² × Er × Ir) / (h ₂ ² )
[Where R is the reaction force generated in the leg, Er is the Young's modulus of the leg (rubber), Ir is the moment of inertia of the cross section of the leg, and h ₂ is the height of the leg. There is].

Further, since the maximum stress generated in the impact receiving portion 2 is preferably equal to or less than the yield stress Ep of the resin impact receiving plate 4, from the bending stress due to the moment,
F = 2 × R
(F × W / 4) / (2 × Ip / T ₁ ) ≦ Ep
[Ep is the yield stress of the resin receiving plate, W is the width of the receiving portion, Ip is the moment of inertia of the cross section of the resin receiving plate, and T ₁ is the resin receiving plate. It is the thickness of the impact plate]. Here, even if the rubber receiving plate 5 is provided on the lower side in the height direction of the resin receiving plate 4, the main purpose of the rubber receiving plate 5 is the resin receiving plate 4. The rubber does not yield as compared with the resin, so that it does not contribute to this calculation formula.

And when substituting and organizing,
((Π ² × Er × Ir) / (h ₂ ² ) × W / 4) / (Ip / T ₁ ) ≦ Ep
^{(Π 2/4) × (} Ir / Ip) × (W × T 1 / h 2 2) × Er ≦ Ep
^{(Π 2/4) × (} t 3 / T 1 3) × (W × T 1 / h 2 2) ≦ Ep / Er
It becomes.

The thickness h ₁ of the impact receiving portion is equal to or greater than the thickness t of the leg portion, and is equal to or less than ½ of the height H of the fender 1, and the width W of the impact receiving portion 2 is since at least 2 times the height H of the outboard member _1, substituting _{h 2/4 ≦ t ≦ h} 1 ≦ H / 2 ≦ h 2, 2H ≦ W,
_{h 2/4 ≦ t, 2H} ≦ W, more _{^{(π 2/4) × (}} (h 2/4) 3 / T 1 3) × (2H × T 1 / h 2 2) ≦ Ep / Er
_{^{(Π 2/4) × (}} h 2/4 3 / T 1 2) × (2H) ≦ Ep / Er
_H / ₂ ≦ _h 2, more ^{(π 2/4) × (} (H / 2) / 4 3 / T 1 2) × (2H) ≦ Ep / Er
^{(Π 2/16 2) ×} ((H 2 / T 1 2) ≦ Ep / Er
H / T ₁ ≦ 16 / π × (Ep / Er) ^1/2
Therefore, since 16 / π≈5,
H / T ₁ ≦ 5 × (Ep / Er) ^1/2 (3)
It becomes. Therefore, when the relationship of the expression (3) is satisfied, the resin receiving plate 4 can sufficiently withstand the load F at the time of buckling deformation due to the compression of the leg portion 3.

Normally, the Young's modulus of rubber is in the range of 1.5 to 8 MPa, and the yield stress of the resin is in the range of 20 to 35 MPa. For example, when the yield stress of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) having a molecular weight of 1 million or more is 20 MPa and the Young's modulus of rubber is 5 MPa, H / T ₁ ≦ 5 × (20/5) ^1/2 = 10
That is, the thickness T ₁ of the resin receiving plate must be 1/10 or more of the height H of the fender 1. For example, a fender having a height of 400 mm requires that the thickness of a resin receiving plate be 40 mm or more.

  In the fender according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the impact receiving portion 2 further protrudes between the pair of leg portions 3 on the lower side of the impact receiving portion 2 in the height direction of the fender. It is preferable that the part 6 is provided. When the ship moves in a shearing manner, the fender is temporarily compressed and deformed to a predetermined deformation amount, and then receives a shear load. At this time, if the outer surface of the ship is smooth, there is no problem, but in fact, on the outer surface of the ship, a protruding portion by welding for joining the steel plate, a pipe hole protruding to pull out the drain, There are relatively hard hull fenders attached to the hull itself. In the fender 1 of the present invention, the height H of the fender is half that of the width W of the impact receiving portion, as shown in the above formula (1), in order to realize the above-described reduction in surface pressure. The height H of the fender is relatively low and the thickness t of the leg 3 is designed to be relatively thin as compared with the conventional fender. Therefore, when the fender 1 is caught on the convex part of the ship, the fender 1 may be damaged.

  On the other hand, the protrusion 6 is provided between the pair of legs 3 on the lower side in the height direction of the fenders (that is, the lower side in the thickness direction of the receiving plate) of the receiving unit 2. In this case, after the fender 1 is compressed and deformed to a predetermined deformation amount, as shown in FIG. 7, the protrusion 6 disposed between the pair of legs 3 contacts the quay, and the protrusion 6 By this, it is possible to prevent the fender 1 from being damaged by the hooking of the convex portion of the ship by rapidly increasing the resistance against the shearing behavior by the coefficient of friction between the quay and the rubber.

  6 and 7, the protrusion 6 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, but the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion 6 is not particularly limited. Moreover, it is preferable that the protrusion part 6 is arrange | positioned in the substantially center part between a pair of leg parts 3, when the leg part 3 deform | transforms substantially equally. Further, the height of the protrusion 6 is not particularly limited as long as it is smaller than the height h2 of the leg 3, and the thickness of the protrusion 6 is not particularly limited. Further, it is preferable to use a rubber material similar to that of the rubber leg 3 and the rubber receiving plate 5 described above for the protrusion 6.

  As described above, the fender according to the present invention is excellent in wear characteristics and has a low and uniform compression surface pressure, so that it is particularly suitable as a fender provided on a quay such as a canal, a narrow river channel, a ship repair dock, etc. Is preferred.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fouling material 2 Receiving part 3 Leg part 3a Flange 4 Resin receiving plate 5 Rubber receiving plate 6 Protruding part W Wight of receiving part H Height of fender h ₁ Thickness of receiving part H ₂ Height of leg t Thickness of leg T ₁ Thickness of resin receiving plate T ₂ Thickness of rubber receiving plate

Claims (4)

In a fender having a shock-receiving part including a resin-made shock-receiving plate, and a pair of rubber legs provided on the lower side of the fender in the height direction of the fender,
The width W of the impact receiving portion and the height H of the fender are expressed by the following formula (1):
2H ≦ W (1)
Where W is the width (mm) of the impact receiving portion and H is the height (mm) of the fender.
The thickness h _{1 of the} impact receiving portion, the height h ₂ of the leg portion, the thickness t of the leg portion, and the height H of the fender are expressed by the following formula (2):
_{h 2/4 ≦ t ≦ h} 1 ≦ H / 2 ≦ h 2 ··· (2)
[Where h ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the receiving part, h ₂ is the height (mm) of the leg, t is the thickness (mm) of the leg, and H is a fender It meets the height (mm) is on the relationship between the wood,
The impact receiving portion further includes a rubber impact receiving plate on the lower side in the height direction of the fender of the resin impact receiving plate,
The yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate is 20 to 35 MPa,
The Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate is 1.5 to 8 MPa,
The yield stress Ep of the resin receiving plate and the Young's modulus Er of the rubber receiving plate are given by the following formula (3):
H / T ₁ ≦ 5 × (Ep / Er) ^1/2 (3)
[ Wherein , H is the height (mm) of the fender, T ₁ is the thickness (mm) of the resin receiving plate, and Ep is the yield stress (MPa) of the resin receiving plate. in it, Er is satisfying the relationship of the Young's modulus of the rubber of the impact receiving plate (MPa)],
A fender that is characterized by that. Fender of claim 1, wherein the thickness T ₁ of the resin of the impact receiving plate is 20mm or more, and wherein the. The impact receiving portion further claim 1 or protrusions between the pair of legs A fender height direction lower side of the receiving衝部is provided, that is characterized 2. The fender according to 2 . The fender according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the resin receiving plate is made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.

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