JP5675503B2 - 圧電/電歪素子 - Google Patents
圧電/電歪素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5675503B2 JP5675503B2 JP2011125699A JP2011125699A JP5675503B2 JP 5675503 B2 JP5675503 B2 JP 5675503B2 JP 2011125699 A JP2011125699 A JP 2011125699A JP 2011125699 A JP2011125699 A JP 2011125699A JP 5675503 B2 JP5675503 B2 JP 5675503B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 37
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910005805 NiNb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020215 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005476 size effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8548—Lead-based oxides
- H10N30/8554—Lead-zirconium titanate [PZT] based
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- C04B35/493—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT containing also other lead compounds
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Description
(Pb1−xSrx)α{(Ti1−yZry)a(Niβ/3Nb2/3)b(Alγ/2Nb1/2)c}O3
(前記組成式中、0.005≦x≦0.03、0.45≦y≦0.54、0.58≦a≦0.91、0.07≦b≦0.36、0.02≦c≦0.08、0.97≦α≦1.03、0.97≦β≦1.03、0.97≦γ≦1.03である(但し、a+b+c=1.000である)。)
「Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3−PbTiO3−PbZrO3三成分固溶系組成物を主成分として含有し」というときの「主成分」とは、圧電/電歪セラミック組成物の全体に対する、PNN−PZT系組成物の割合が、95質量%以上、好ましくは98質量%以上であることをいう。
本発明の圧電/電歪素子は、Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3−PbTiO3−PbZrO3三成分固溶系組成物を主成分として含有する圧電/電歪セラミック組成物からなる圧電/電歪体と、圧電/電歪体に配設される電極と、を備えるものである。以下、詳細に説明する。
圧電/電歪セラミック組成物は、Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3−PbTiO3−PbZrO3三成分固溶系組成物を主成分として含有し、三成分固溶系組成物が下記組成式で表されるものである。
(Pb1−xSrx)α{(Ti1−yZry)a(Niβ/3Nb2/3)b(Alγ/2Nb1/2)c}O3
(前記組成式中、0.005≦x≦0.03、0.45≦y≦0.54、0.58≦a≦0.91、0.07≦b≦0.36、0.02≦c≦0.08、0.97≦α≦1.03、0.97≦β≦1.03、0.97≦γ≦1.03である(但し、a+b+c=1.000である)。)
次に、圧電/電歪セラミック組成物を調製する方法について説明する。圧電/電歪セラミック組成物を調製するに際しては、先ず、上記組成式(Pb1−xSrx)α{(Ti1−yZry)a(Niβ/3Nb2/3)b(Alγ/2Nb1/2)c}O3となるよう各種原料化合物を混合して混合原料を得る。原料化合物の具体例としては、Pb、Ni、Nb、Zr、Ti、Al若しくはSrの各元素単体、これら各元素の酸化物(PbO、Pb3O4、NiO、Nb2O5、TiO2、ZrO2、Al2O3、SrO等)、炭酸塩(SrCO3等)、又はこれら各元素を複数種含有する化合物(NiNb2O6等)等を挙げることができる。
圧電/電歪体は、上記圧電/電歪セラミック組成物からなるものである。また、圧電/電歪体を構成する粒子の平均粒子径は、0.5〜2μmであることが好ましく、1〜1.7μmであることが更に好ましい。粒子の平均粒子径がこの範囲にあることで、従来と同程度の所望の変位量を維持しつつ、高湿環境下で使用しても絶縁抵抗値の低下を抑制することができる圧電/電歪素子を製造することができる。圧電/電歪体を構成する粒子の平均粒子径が0.5μm未満であると、圧電/電歪素子の変位量が低下する場合がある。一方、2μm超であると、高湿環境下で使用した場合に、圧電/電歪素子の絶縁抵抗値が低下する場合がある。
圧電/電歪体を調製する方法について説明する。圧電/電歪体は、圧電/電歪セラミック組成物を仮焼し、粉砕した後、焼成することで調製することができる。なお、仮焼温度は、通常、750〜1100℃であり、焼成温度は、通常、950℃以上、1300℃未満である。
圧電/電歪素子1は、図2に例示するように、上記圧電/電歪体30と、圧電/電歪体30に配設される電極(10,10’)と、を備えるものである。圧電/電歪体が所定の組成式を有する圧電/電歪セラミック組成物からなるものであるので、高湿環境下で使用しても、絶縁抵抗値の低下を抑制することができる。
電極は、圧電/電歪体に配設されるものである。図3の形態においては、便宜上、複数の圧電/電歪体(30’,30”)を交互に挟んでなる複数の電極(40,40’)を内部電極と称する。また、圧電/電歪素子1’の表面に配設され、その上部及び下部に配設された電極をそれぞれ、上部電極50及び下部電極50’と称する。更に、圧電/電歪素子1’の表面に配設され、その側面に配設された電極を側面電極(20,20’)と称する。なお、図2の形態のように、圧電/電歪体30が1つの場合は、一対の電極(10,10’)が、圧電/電歪体30の上部及び下部の表面に配設される。
内部電極は圧電/電歪体に電気的に接続されるものであり、それぞれの圧電/電歪体の間に配設されることが好ましい。また、内部電極は、圧電/電歪体の変位等に実質的に寄与する領域を含んだ状態で配設されることが好ましい。具体的には、図3に示すように、複数の圧電/電歪体(30’,30”)の、それぞれ中央部分付近を含む80面積%以上の領域に、内部電極(40,40’)が配設されていることが好ましい。
上記圧電/電歪セラミック組成物の調製方法に記載した方法で得られた混合粉末を仮焼した後、粉砕して圧電/電歪セラミック組成物の粉末を調製する。この粉末を用いて、所望の厚みの圧電/電歪テープをドクターブレード法にて成形し、この圧電/電歪テープの片面に、焼成後に所望の厚みとなるよう内部電極を形成する。圧電/電歪テープと内部電極が交互に配置されるように所定の層数積層し、表面に露出した内部電極側に、内部電極を形成していない1層の圧電/電歪テープを更に積層して積層体を作製する。この積層体を焼成した後、所定の位置及び寸法で切断し、最後に、積層体の外部に一対の電極及び側面電極を形成することで、圧電/電歪素子を製造することができる。
組成式(Pb0.980Sr0.020)1.000{(Ti0.512Zr0.488)0.850(Ni1/3Nb2/3)0.070(Al1/2Nb1/2)0.080}O3となるよう、PbO、TiO2、ZrO2、NiO、Nb2O5、Al2O3、NiO、SrCO3のそれぞれの原料を計量した。これらを所定量の水とともにボールミルにて24時間の混合を行って調製スラリーを得た。得られた調製スラリーを熱風乾燥機内に入れて水分を蒸発させ、乾燥させることで原料粉末を得た。
組成式におけるパラメータが表1となるよう原料の使用量を変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして積層型の圧電/電歪アクチュエータ(圧電/電歪素子)を作製した。なお、比較例5の圧電/電歪素子を構成する圧電/電歪体の電子顕微鏡写真を図5Aに示す。
(Pb1−xSrx)α{(Ti1−yZry)a(Niβ/3Nb2/3)b(Alγ/2Nb1/2)c}O3
焼成温度を1100℃としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして積層型の圧電/電歪アクチュエータ(圧電/電歪素子)を作製した。なお、実施例11の圧電/電歪素子を構成する圧電/電歪体の電子顕微鏡写真を図4Bに示す。
焼成温度を1100℃としたこと以外は比較例5と同様にして積層型の圧電/電歪アクチュエータ(圧電/電歪素子)を作製した。なお、比較例8の圧電/電歪素子を構成する圧電/電歪体の電子顕微鏡写真を図5Bに示す。
Claims (3)
- Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3−PbTiO3−PbZrO3三成分固溶系組成物を主成分として含有する圧電/電歪セラミック組成物からなる圧電/電歪体と、
前記圧電/電歪体に配設される電極と、を備える圧電/電歪素子であって、
前記三成分固溶系組成物が下記組成式で表される圧電/電歪素子。
(Pb1−xSrx)α{(Ti1−yZry)a(Niβ/3Nb2/3)b(Alγ/2Nb1/2)c}O3
(前記組成式中、0.005≦x≦0.03、0.45≦y≦0.54、0.58≦a≦0.91、0.07≦b≦0.36、0.02≦c≦0.08、0.97≦α≦1.03、0.97≦β≦1.03、0.97≦γ≦1.03である(但し、a+b+c=1.000である)。) - 前記圧電/電歪体、及び前記電極をそれぞれ複数備え、
複数の前記圧電/電歪体が、複数の前記電極により交互に積層された積層構造を有する請求項1に記載の圧電/電歪素子。 - 前記圧電/電歪体を構成する粒子の平均粒子径が0.5〜2μmである請求項1又は2に記載の圧電/電歪素子。
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