JP5661163B1 - Vehicle power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

A control unit inside an inverter realizes control of a converter and failure diagnosis, thereby obtaining a small and inexpensive vehicle power supply device. In a vehicle power supply device including an inverter and a converter, a converter main circuit 107 is controlled and diagnosed by an inverter control unit 113 via a connection line 117, and the inverter control unit 113 detects a high voltage. Converter drive availability determination means for determining whether or not the converter main circuit 107 can be driven based on the value of the DC input voltage detected by the circuit 110. In addition, a converter drive stop signal is output to the converter drive circuit 115. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle power supply device including at least an inverter that converts a DC input voltage into an AC output voltage and a converter that converts the DC input voltage into a DC output voltage.

  A vehicle using electric energy such as a hybrid vehicle includes a drive motor, a high voltage battery for supplying power to the drive motor, and an inverter. The voltage of the high voltage battery generally reaches 100V to 400V, the inverter converts the DC voltage of the high voltage battery into an AC voltage, and supplies power to the drive motor. In addition, in conventional vehicles, power is supplied to 12V electric devices by an alternator that generates power using engine power. However, since hybrid vehicles have a mode in which the engine stops, the voltage of the high voltage battery is set to 12V voltage. A converter for converting to 12V is mounted, and power is supplied to the 12V electric equipment by the converter. The above-described inverter and converter are mounted on the vehicle in a configuration in which the inverter and the converter are separately mounted in a separate housing (Patent Document 1), or the inverter and the converter are mounted in the same housing. Various forms such as configurations are taken.

JP2013-099053A

  However, in Patent Document 1, each of the inverter and the converter has a control circuit and a power supply circuit, and board components are not shared, and there is a problem that leads to an increase in size and cost of the device. In particular, in the functional safety standard ISO26262 for automobiles, since the reliability of the apparatus is required, the above problem becomes more remarkable. For this reason, it is required to realize functional safety measures at a lower cost.

  In general, since the electric load capacity of an electric device differs depending on the vehicle, it is necessary to mount a converter according to the vehicle. It is the power section inside the converter that mainly changes depending on the electric load capacity. The vehicle power supply device of Patent Document 1 is configured by integrally forming an inverter and a converter, and the converter includes a control unit, a power supply circuit unit, and a power unit. In the structure of Patent Document 1, when changing the electric load capacity, that is, when changing the power section of the converter, in addition to the need for re-layout inside the converter, it is necessary to change the overall dimensions including the inverter. Moreover, since the inverter and the converter are integrally configured, even if one of them fails, both must be replaced.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a vehicle power supply capable of realizing downsizing of the apparatus, cost reduction, ensuring flexibility in changing specifications, and improving maintainability at the time of failure. An object is to provide an apparatus.

  A vehicle power supply device according to the present invention houses a converter main circuit that converts a DC input voltage from a drive battery into a DC output voltage, at least one converter board, at least the converter main circuit, and the converter board. A converter casing, an inverter main circuit that converts the DC input voltage into an AC output voltage, an inverter control unit that controls the inverter main circuit, an inverter power supply circuit that supplies power to the inverter control unit, and A high voltage detection circuit for detecting a DC input voltage of the inverter main circuit, a converter drive circuit for driving a switching element in the converter main circuit, at least the inverter control unit, the inverter power supply circuit, and the high voltage detection A circuit, an inverter board on which the converter drive circuit is mounted; At least, the power source for vehicles provided with the said inverter main circuit, the inverter housing | casing which accommodates the said inverter board | substrate, and the connection line for connecting between each board | substrate between the said converter board | substrate and the said inverter board | substrate. The signal transmitted by the connection line includes at least a converter drive signal, a converter internal voltage signal, a converter internal current signal, a converter internal temperature signal, and a DC input voltage signal, and the converter main circuit includes the connection A converter drive enable / disable determination is made by the inverter control unit through the line and the failure diagnosis is performed, and the inverter control unit determines whether or not the converter main circuit can be driven based on the value of the DC input voltage detected by the high voltage detection circuit. The converter drive availability determination means is detected by the high voltage detection circuit. And when the DC input voltage is outside the predetermined range, is obtained so as to output the converter drive stop signal to the converter drive circuit.

  According to the vehicle power supply device of the present invention, since the control unit on the inverter side, the power supply circuit, and the high voltage detection circuit can be shared, the converter can be reduced in size and cost. The control unit on the inverter side also has a function of outputting a converter drive stop signal when the voltage value is out of a predetermined range based on the voltage output from the high voltage detection circuit. Thus, the converter input voltage abnormality determination function can be realized without mounting a high voltage detection circuit on the converter board.

  Also, when changing the electrical load capacity, that is, changing the power part of the converter, only the power part of the converter is configured in a separate housing, so it can be handled by changing only the power part, including the inverter No need to change dimensions. Accordingly, it is possible to ensure the flexibility of the vehicle power supply device with respect to the change in the specification of the electric load capacity of the vehicle.

  The above-described and other objects, features, and effects of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description and the drawings in the following embodiments.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the vehicle power supply device concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the vehicle power supply device concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention. The structure of the vehicle power supply device concerning Embodiment 3 of this invention is shown.

  Hereinafter, a vehicle power supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 101 denotes a drive battery which is a high voltage battery serving as a power supply source of a motor 102 for driving a vehicle, and supplies a DC voltage to a converter main circuit 107 and an inverter main circuit 108 described later. 103 is a 12V electric load such as a light, audio equipment, control unit, etc. 104 is an auxiliary battery for supplying power to the electric load 103 of the vehicle, and is mounted on the low voltage side of the converter main circuit 107, Charged by the converter.

Reference numeral 105 denotes an inverter casing which is a first casing for mounting and storing the inverter main circuit 108 and the inverter power section including the inverter board 116. Reference numeral 106 denotes mounting and storing the converter power section including the converter main circuit 107. It is the housing | casing for converters which is the 2nd housing | casing for doing.
The converter main circuit 107 includes at least a switching element (eg, MOSFET), a magnetic component including an insulating transformer, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, and the like (not shown). In the first embodiment, the converter main circuit 107 includes a converter. Includes a substrate.
The inverter main circuit 108 includes at least a switching element (for example, IGBT), a smoothing capacitor, a resolver, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, and the like (not shown).

109 is a current / temperature detection circuit for detecting the current and temperature in the inverter main circuit 108, and 110 is a high voltage detection circuit for detecting the DC input voltage in the inverter main circuit 108. In the first embodiment, the converter is controlled by the voltage detected by the high voltage detection circuit 110 inside the inverter without providing the high voltage detection circuit inside the converter.
For this reason, size reduction and cost reduction of a converter are realizable.
111 is an inverter drive circuit that outputs an inverter drive signal for driving a switching element in the inverter main circuit 108, and 112 is a resolver for inputting / outputting a signal to / from a resolver provided in the inverter main circuit 108. It is an input / output circuit.

  113 is a control unit having a control function and a fault diagnosis function for the inverter main circuit and the converter main circuit, and controls the inverter main circuit 108 and the converter main circuit 107. A converter drive stop signal is output to stop the operation of each main circuit. Further, based on the voltage output from the high voltage detection circuit 110, it also has a function of outputting a converter drive stop signal when the voltage value is out of a predetermined range. Thus, the converter input voltage abnormality determination function can be realized without mounting a high voltage detection circuit on the converter board. As in the first embodiment, the control unit is not provided in the converter, and the control of the converter is performed by sharing the control unit in the inverter, so that the converter can be reduced in size and cost.

  Reference numeral 114 denotes a power supply circuit for supplying power to at least the control unit 113, the inverter drive circuit 111, and the converter drive circuit 115. In the first embodiment, the power supply circuit on the inverter side is not provided on the converter side. Share. For this reason, size reduction and cost reduction of a converter are realizable.

  Reference numeral 115 denotes a converter drive circuit that outputs a converter drive signal for driving a switching element in the converter main circuit 107. Reference numeral 116 denotes at least a current / temperature detection circuit 109, a high voltage detection circuit 110, an inverter drive circuit 111, a resolver. This is an inverter board on which the input / output circuit 112, the control unit 113, the power supply circuit 114, and the converter drive circuit 115 are mounted. Reference numeral 117 denotes a connection line for connecting at least the inverter board 116 and the converter board (included in the converter main circuit 107). The connection line 117 includes at least a converter internal voltage signal, a converter internal current signal, and a converter internal temperature signal. , Converter drive signal, and DC input voltage signal. In the first embodiment, the DC input voltage is supplied to the converter via the inverter board 116, but may be sent via a bus bar or a wire harness other than the inverter board 116.

As described above, the vehicular power supply apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes at least an inverter that converts a DC input voltage into an AC output voltage and a converter that converts a DC input voltage into a DC output voltage. In the vehicle power supply device, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the converter.
That is, in the conventional apparatus, a power supply circuit, a control unit such as a microcomputer, and a high voltage detection circuit are provided on the converter side as well as the inverter side. In the vehicle power supply apparatus according to the first embodiment, the control unit on the inverter side is provided. By sharing the power supply circuit and the high voltage detection circuit, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the converter.

  The control unit 113 also has a function of outputting a converter drive stop signal when the voltage value is out of a predetermined range based on the voltage output from the high voltage detection circuit 110. Thus, the converter input voltage abnormality determination function can be realized without mounting a high voltage detection circuit on the converter board.

  In general, since the electric load capacity varies depending on the vehicle, it is necessary to mount a converter corresponding to the vehicle. It is the power part inside the converter that changes depending on the electric load capacity. The vehicle power supply device of Patent Document 1 is configured by integrally forming an inverter and a converter, and the converter includes a control unit, a power supply circuit unit, and a power unit. In the case of such a conventional device, when changing the electric load capacity, that is, when changing the power section of the converter, in addition to the need for re-layout inside the converter, it is also necessary to change the dimensions including the inverter. On the other hand, in the vehicle power supply device of the first embodiment, since only the power section of the converter is configured in a separate casing, it can be dealt with by changing only the power section, and the inverter need not be changed. . Accordingly, it is possible to ensure the flexibility of the vehicle power supply device with respect to the change in the specification of the electric load capacity of the vehicle.

  Moreover, in the conventional vehicle power supply device, since the inverter and the converter are integrally configured, even if one of them fails, both must be replaced. On the other hand, in the structure of the present invention, since the inverter and the converter are mounted in separate housings, only the failed unit needs to be replaced.

  In the first embodiment, the inverter and the converter are mounted in separate housings, and the configuration in which the inverters and converters are connected by connection lines is described as an example. For example, the inverter is included in one housing. The present invention may be applied to a configuration in which a converter is mounted. Further, the present invention may be applied to a pasted configuration close to the configuration of Patent Document 1.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 201 denotes a drive battery that is a high-voltage battery that serves as a power supply source of a motor 202 for driving a vehicle, and a DC input voltage to a converter main circuit 207 and an inverter main circuit 208 described later. Supply.
203 is a 12V electric load such as a light, an audio device, a control unit, etc., 204 is an auxiliary battery for supplying electric power to the electric load 203 of the vehicle, and is mounted on the low voltage side of the converter main circuit 207. Charged by the converter.

205 is an inverter housing, which is a first housing for mounting and storing an inverter board 216 and an inverter power unit including an inverter main circuit 208, and 206 is a converter power unit including a converter main circuit 207. It is the converter housing | casing which is a 2nd housing | casing for accommodating.
The converter main circuit 207 includes at least a switching element (eg, MOSFET), a magnetic component including an insulation transformer, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, and the like (not shown). In the second embodiment, the converter main circuit 207 includes a converter. Includes a substrate.
The main circuit 208 of the inverter is composed of at least a switching element (for example, IGBT), a smoothing capacitor, a resolver, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, etc., not shown.

209 is a current / temperature detection circuit for detecting the current and temperature in the inverter main circuit 208, and 210 is a high voltage detection circuit for detecting a DC input voltage in the inverter main circuit 208. In the second embodiment, the converter is controlled by the voltage detected by the high voltage detection circuit inside the inverter without providing the high voltage detection circuit inside the converter. For this reason, size reduction and cost reduction of a converter are realizable.
211 is an inverter drive circuit that outputs an inverter drive signal for driving a switching element in the inverter main circuit 208, and 212 is a resolver for inputting / outputting a signal to / from a resolver provided in the inverter main circuit 208. It is an input / output circuit.

Reference numeral 213 denotes a main microcomputer having a control function for the inverter main circuit 208 and the converter main circuit 207 and a monitoring function for the sub-microcomputer 214, which will be described later. When the diagnosis function detects an abnormality in the inverter or converter, an inverter drive stop signal or converter drive stop signal is output to stop the operation of each main circuit.
The main microcomputer 213 also has a function of outputting a converter drive stop signal based on the voltage output from the high voltage detection circuit 210 when the voltage value is out of a predetermined range. Thus, the converter input voltage abnormality determination function can be realized without mounting a high voltage detection circuit on the converter board. As described above, in the second embodiment, since the main microcomputer and the sub microcomputer in the inverter bear the converter control function and the failure diagnosis function, the functional safety standard ISO26262 is achieved while realizing downsizing and cost reduction of the converter. Can be realized.

  Reference numeral 214 denotes a sub-microcomputer having a fault diagnosis function for the inverter main circuit 208 and the converter main circuit 207. In the second embodiment, the main microcomputer 213 and the sub-microcomputer 214 in the inverter have a converter control function and a fault diagnosis function. Therefore, it is possible to realize a vehicular power supply device that can comply with the functional safety standard ISO 26262 while realizing downsizing and cost reduction of the converter.

  Reference numeral 215 denotes a power supply circuit for supplying power to at least the main microcomputer 213, the sub microcomputer 214, the inverter drive circuit 211, and the converter drive circuit 217. In the second embodiment, no power supply circuit is provided on the converter side, and the inverter Provide a power circuit only on the side. For this reason, size reduction and cost reduction of a converter are realizable.

  Reference numeral 216 denotes an inverter board on which at least a current / temperature detection circuit 209, a high voltage detection circuit 210, an inverter drive circuit 211, a resolver input / output circuit 212, a main microcomputer 213, a sub microcomputer 214, and a power supply circuit 215 are mounted. This is a converter drive circuit that outputs a converter drive signal for driving a switching element in the main circuit 207. In the second embodiment, the converter drive circuit is mounted on the converter board in the converter housing 206. 218 is a connection line for connecting at least the inverter board 216 and the converter board (included in the converter main circuit 207). The connection line 218 includes at least a converter internal voltage signal, a converter internal current signal, and a converter internal temperature. Signal, converter drive signal, converter drive stop signal, converter drive circuit power supply, and DC input voltage line.

  In the second embodiment, it is assumed that the converter drive circuit is mounted on the converter board for the purpose of ensuring the signal quality and noise resistance of the converter drive signal. On the other hand, the converter main circuit 207 can be reliably stopped even when the converter is abnormal by adopting a configuration including the converter drive stop signal in the connection line. In the second embodiment, the DC input voltage is supplied to the converter via the inverter board 216, but may be sent via a bus bar or a wire harness other than the inverter board 216.

  As described above, the vehicular power supply apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention includes at least an inverter that converts a DC input voltage into an AC output voltage and a converter that converts a DC input voltage into a DC output voltage. In the vehicle power supply device, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the converter. In addition, according to the second embodiment, the main microcomputer 213 provided in the inverter has a converter control function and a converter monitoring function, and the sub-microcomputer 214 provided in the inverter has a converter failure diagnosis function. Further, by including the converter drive stop signal in the connection line connecting the inverter and the converter, the converter can be stopped reliably even when the sub-microcomputer 214 detects an abnormality of the converter. In addition, by sharing the control unit of the inverter and the converter, it is possible to improve the reliability of the device without giving the control function to the converter. For example, it is effective for vehicle functional safety ISO26262. A power supply device can be obtained.

  In the second embodiment, the inverter and the converter are mounted in separate casings, and the connection between the inverters and the converters is described as an example. For example, the inverter is included in one casing. The present invention may be applied to a configuration in which a converter is mounted. Further, the present invention may be applied to a pasted configuration close to the configuration of Patent Document 1.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a vehicle power supply apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 301 denotes a drive battery which is a high voltage battery serving as a power supply source of a motor 302 for driving a vehicle, and supplies a DC input voltage to a converter main circuit 307 and an inverter main circuit 308 which will be described later. To do.
Reference numeral 303 denotes a 12V electric load such as a light, an audio device, or a control unit. Reference numeral 304 denotes an auxiliary battery for supplying electric power to the electric load 303 of the vehicle. Charged by the converter.

Reference numeral 305 denotes an inverter casing which is a first casing for mounting and storing an inverter power section including an inverter board 317 and an inverter main circuit 308, and 306 is a converter power section including a converter main path 307. It is the converter housing | casing which is a 2nd housing | casing for accommodating.
The converter main circuit 307 includes at least a switching element (for example, MOSFET), a magnetic component including an insulating transformer, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, and the like (not shown). In the third embodiment, the converter main circuit 307 includes a converter. Includes a substrate.
The main circuit 308 of the inverter is composed of at least a switching element (for example, IGBT), a smoothing capacitor, a resolver, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, etc., not shown.

309 is a current / temperature detection circuit for detecting the current and temperature in the inverter main circuit 308, and 310 is a high voltage detection circuit for detecting the DC input voltage in the inverter main circuit 308. In the third aspect, the converter is controlled by the voltage detected by the high voltage detection circuit inside the inverter without providing the high voltage detection circuit inside the converter. For this reason, size reduction and cost reduction of a converter are realizable.
Reference numeral 311 denotes an inverter drive circuit that outputs an inverter drive signal for driving a switching element in the inverter main circuit 308, and reference numeral 312 denotes a resolver for inputting / outputting a signal to / from a resolver provided in the inverter main circuit 308. It is an input / output circuit.

Reference numeral 313 denotes a main microcomputer having a control function for the inverter main circuit 308, a monitoring function for the sub-microcomputer 314, and a fault diagnosis function for the converter main circuit 307. The main microcomputer 313 controls the inverter main circuit 308 and has a fault diagnosis function for the sub-microcomputer 314. When an abnormality is detected in the inverter main circuit 308, an inverter drive stop signal is output to stop the operation of the inverter main circuit 308.
The sub-microcomputer 314 has a converter control function, a main microcomputer 313 monitoring function, and an inverter failure diagnosis function. The sub-microcomputer 314 controls the converter main circuit 307, and the main microcomputer 313 failure diagnosis function is the converter main circuit. When the abnormality 307 is detected, a converter drive stop signal is output, and the operation of the converter main circuit 307 is stopped.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, since the sub-microcomputer 314 in the inverter has the control function of the converter main circuit 307, an increase in the size of the main microcomputer 313 mainly responsible for the control function of the inverter main circuit 308 is prevented. A vehicle power supply device that can comply with the functional safety standard ISO 26262 can be realized while reducing the size and cost of the device.

  315 is a power supply circuit for supplying power to at least the main microcomputer 313, the sub-microcomputer 314, the inverter drive circuit 311, and the converter drive circuit 316. In the third embodiment, a power supply circuit is not provided on the converter side, and an inverter is provided. Provide a power circuit only on the side. For this reason, size reduction and cost reduction of a converter are realizable.

Reference numeral 316 denotes a converter drive circuit that outputs a converter drive signal for driving the switching element in the converter main circuit 307, and is mounted on the inverter board 317 in the third embodiment. At least a current / temperature detection circuit 309, a high voltage detection circuit 310, an inverter drive circuit 311, a resolver input / output circuit 312, a main microcomputer 313, a sub microcomputer 314, a power supply circuit 315, and a converter drive circuit 316 are mounted on the inverter board 317. Has been.
Reference numeral 318 is a connection line for connecting at least the inverter board 317 and the converter board (included in the converter main circuit 307). The connection line 318 includes at least a converter internal voltage signal, a converter internal current signal, and a converter internal temperature. Signal, converter drive signal, DC input voltage line.

  As described above, the vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention includes at least an inverter that converts a DC input voltage into an AC output voltage and a converter that converts a DC input voltage into a DC output voltage. In the vehicular power supply device, the converter can be reduced in size and cost. In addition, according to the third embodiment, the sub-microcomputer 314 responsible for the inverter failure diagnosis function is provided with the converter control function, thereby preventing the main microcomputer 313 of the inverter from being enlarged. As a result, the reliability of both the inverter and the converter can be ensured with a cheaper small-scale microcomputer, and a vehicle power supply device effective in complying with the functional safety ISO 26262 of the automobile can be obtained.

  In the third embodiment, the inverter and the converter are mounted in separate housings, and the connection between the inverters and the converters is described as an example. For example, the inverter is included in one housing. The present invention may be applied to a configuration in which a converter is mounted. Further, the present invention may be applied to a pasted configuration close to the configuration of Patent Document 1.

101, 201, 301 Drive battery, 105, 205, 305 Inverter casing 106, 206, 306 Converter casing, 107, 207, 307 Converter main circuit, 108, 208, 308 Inverter main circuit, 109, 209, 309 Current /
Temperature detection circuit, 110, 210, 310 High voltage detection circuit, 111, 211, 311
Inverter drive circuit, 112, 212, 312 Resolver input / output circuit, 113, 213
313 Control unit, 114, 215, 315 Power supply circuit, 115, 217, 316 Converter drive circuit, 116, 216, 317 Inverter board, 117, 218,
318 Connection line, 213, 313 Main microcomputer, 214, 314 Sub microcomputer.

Claims (4)

A converter main circuit for converting a DC input voltage from the drive battery into a DC output voltage;
At least one converter board; and
A converter housing that houses at least the converter main circuit and the converter board;
An inverter main circuit for converting the DC input voltage into an AC output voltage;
An inverter control unit for controlling the inverter main circuit;
An inverter power supply circuit for supplying power to the inverter control unit;
A high voltage detection circuit for detecting a DC input voltage of the inverter main circuit;
A converter driving circuit for driving a switching element in the converter main circuit;
At least the inverter control unit, the inverter power supply circuit, the high voltage detection circuit, the inverter board on which the converter drive circuit is mounted,
A vehicle power supply device comprising at least the inverter main circuit and an inverter casing that houses the inverter board, and a connection line for connecting the boards between the converter board and the inverter board. Because
The signal transmitted by the connection line includes at least a converter drive signal, a converter internal voltage signal, a converter internal current signal, a converter internal temperature signal, and a DC input voltage signal, and the converter main circuit passes through the connection line, Control and fault diagnosis are performed by the inverter control unit,
The inverter control unit includes converter drive availability determination means for determining whether to drive the converter main circuit based on the value of the DC input voltage detected by the high voltage detection circuit,
The converter drive availability determination means outputs a converter drive stop signal to the converter drive circuit when the DC input voltage detected by the high voltage detection circuit falls outside a predetermined range. Power supply.   The converter drive circuit is mounted on the converter board, and the signal transmitted by the connection line is at least the DC input voltage signal, converter drive stop signal, converter internal voltage signal, converter internal current signal, converter internal temperature signal, and 2. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 1, further comprising a converter drive circuit power supply signal. A sub microcomputer having a fault diagnosis function for at least the inverter main circuit and the converter main circuit; a main microcomputer having a control function for the inverter main circuit, the converter main circuit, and a monitoring function for the sub microcomputer; Prepared,
The main microcomputer outputs a converter drive stop signal when at least the sub microcomputer detects an abnormality of the converter main circuit, and stops the converter drive circuit by the converter drive stop signal. The power supply device for vehicles according to claim 1 or 2.   The sub-microcomputer of the inverter control unit has at least a control function of the converter main circuit, and the main microcomputer of the inverter control unit has at least a fault diagnosis function of the converter main circuit. Item 4. The vehicle power supply device according to Item 3.

Images