JP5460939B2 - ヒドロゲル生物医学用製品 - Google Patents
ヒドロゲル生物医学用製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5460939B2 JP5460939B2 JP2001567810A JP2001567810A JP5460939B2 JP 5460939 B2 JP5460939 B2 JP 5460939B2 JP 2001567810 A JP2001567810 A JP 2001567810A JP 2001567810 A JP2001567810 A JP 2001567810A JP 5460939 B2 JP5460939 B2 JP 5460939B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogel
- macromer
- group
- diol
- pendant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000000185 1,3-diols Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005267 main chain polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 23
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- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 9
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- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- INKZWPUPWYPIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(C)OC.C(C(=C)C)(=O)N Chemical compound COC(C)OC.C(C(=C)C)(=O)N INKZWPUPWYPIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002858 MOWIOL ® 4-88 Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DDSPROSWIDEWAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound COC(OC)CNC(=O)C(C)C DDSPROSWIDEWAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical group CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical group OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- ZGHLWHLCCUHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(C)OC.C(C=C)(=O)N Chemical compound COC(C)OC.C(C=C)(=O)N ZGHLWHLCCUHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
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- SVHSVLWQEVFDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound COC(OC)CN1C(=O)C(C)=C(C)C1=O SVHSVLWQEVFDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2000年3月13日に出願された米国特許出願第60/188,975号に対する優先権を主張する。
本発明は、生物医学用製品に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、架橋性マクロモノマー(本明細書では、「マクロマー」と呼ぶ)から形成されるヒドロゲル生物医学用製品に関する。
本発明は、1,2−ジオール及び/又は1,3−ジオール構造を有する単位を含むポリマー主鎖を有するマクロマーから形成されるヒドロゲル生物医学用製品に関する。このようなポリマーは、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)及び酢酸ビニルの加水分解コポリマー、たとえば、塩化ビニル、N−ビニルピロリドンなどとのコポリマーを含む。主鎖ポリマーは、架橋性基及び場合によっては他の改質基を担持する懸垂鎖を含む。架橋されると、マクロマーは、生物医学用製品としての使用に有利な有利な多くの性質を有するヒドロゲルを形成する。
本発明は、ポリヒドロキシポリマーの主鎖を有し、架橋性基を含む少なくとも2個の懸垂鎖及び場合によっては改質基を含有する他の懸垂鎖を有するマクロマーから製造されるヒドロゲル生物医学用製品に関する。
マクロマー主鎖
マクロマーは、1,2−ジオール及び/又は1,3−ジオール構造を有する単位を含むポリマー、たとえばポリヒドロキシポリマーの主鎖を有する。たとえば、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)又はビニルアルコールのコポリマーは1,3−ジオール骨格を含む。主鎖はまた、1,2−グリコールの形態のヒドロキシル基、たとえば1,2−ジヒドロキシエチレンのコポリマー単位を含むことができる。これらは、たとえば酢酸ビニル−炭酸ビニレンコポリマーのアルカリ加水分解によって得ることができる。他のポリマージオール、たとえばサッカリドを使用することもできる。
マクロマーは、架橋させることができる基を含有する少なくとも2個の懸垂鎖を有する。「基」とは、単独の重合性部分、たとえばアクリレート及びより大きな架橋性領域、たとえばオリゴマー又はポリマー領域を含む。架橋剤は、望ましくは、主鎖1グラムあたり約0.01〜10ミリ当量(meq/g)、より望ましくは約0.05〜1.5meq/gの量で存在する。マクロマーは、2種以上の架橋性基を含有することができる。
ヒドロゲル生物医学用製品に使用するのに適した具体的なマクロマーは、米国特許第5,508,317号、第5,665,840号、第5,807,927号、第5,849,841号、第5,932,674号、第5,939,489号及び第6,011,077号に開示されている。
と一致する。適切なアルキレンの例は、オクチレン、ヘキシレン、ペンチレン、ブチレン、プロピレン、エチレン、メチレン、2−プロピレン、2−ブチレン及び3−ペンチレンを含む。好ましくは、低級アルキレンRは、炭素原子6個まで、特に好ましくは4個までを有する。基エチレン及びブチレンが特に好ましい。アルカンは、特に、メタン、エタン、n−もしくはイソプロパン、n−、sec−もしくはtert−ブタン、n−もしくはイソペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン又はオクタンを含む。好ましい基は、炭素原子1〜4個、特に炭素原子1個を含有する。
R5は、水素又はC1〜C4アルキル、たとえばn−ブチル、n−もしくはイソプロピル、エチル又はメチルであり、
nは、ゼロ又は1、好ましくはゼロであり、
R6及びR7は、互いに独立して、水素、直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のC1〜C8アルキル、アリール又はシクロヘキシル、たとえばオクチル、ヘキシル、ペンチル、ブチル、プロピル、エチル、メチル、2−プロピル、2−ブチル又は3−ペンチルのいずれかである。R6は、好ましくは水素又はCH3基であり、R7は、好ましくはC1〜C4アルキル基である。アリールとしてのR6及びR7は、好ましくはフェニルである)
を有する。
R9及びR10は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子2〜8個を有する低級アルキレン、炭素原子6〜12個を有するアリーレン、炭素原子6〜10個を有する飽和二価脂環式基、炭素原子7〜14個を有するアリーレンアルキレンもしくはアルキレンアリーレン又は炭素原子13〜16個を有するアリーレンアルキレンアリーレンであり、
R8は、上記に定義したとおりである)
の基である。
マクロマーは、さらなる改質基及び架橋性基を含むことができる。そのような基のいくつかが米国特許第5,508,317号、第5,665,840号、第5,807,927号、第5,849,841号、第5,932,674号、第5,939,489号及び第6,011,077号に記載されている。架橋性基及び場合によってはさらなる改質基は、種々の方法で、たとえば、1,3−ジオール単位の一定の割合を改質して、架橋性基、又はさらなる改質基を2位に含有する1,3−ジオキサンを得ることによってマクロマー主鎖に結合させることができる。主鎖に結合させてもよい改質基は、疎水性を変化させるための改質基、活性作用物質又は活性作用物質の結合を可能にするための基、光開始剤、癒着性を増減するための改質基、熱応答性を付与するための改質基、他のタイプの応答性を付与するための改質基及びさらなる架橋基を含む。これらの改質基は、主鎖に結合させることもできるし、主鎖に含まれる他のモノマー単位に結合させてもよい。
マクロマーは、分解性であるヒドロゲルを形成することができる。適切な分解性系が、2000年11月15日に出願された「Degradable Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)Hydrogels」と題する米国特許出願第09/714,700号に記載されている。同出願に記載されている分解性系では、マクロマーは、主鎖中又は懸垂鎖上に分解性領域を含む。分解性領域は、好ましくは、インビボ条件下で加水分解によって分解可能である。分解性領域は、酵素的に分解させることができる。たとえば、分解性領域は、グリコリド、ラクチド、ε−カプロラクトン、他のヒドロキシ酸のポリマー及びオリゴマー、ならびに非毒性であるか、又は正常な代謝産物として体内に存在する物質を生み出す他の生物学的に分解可能なポリマーであってもよい。好ましいポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)は、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(DL−乳酸)及びポリ(L−乳酸)である。他の有用な物質は、ポリ(アミノ酸)、ポリ(酸無水物)、ポリ(オルトエステル)、ポリ(ホスファジン)及びポリ(ホスホエステル)を含む。ポリラクトン、たとえばポリ(ε−カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ε−カプロラクトン)、ポリ(δ−バレロラクトン)及びポリ(γ−ブチロラクトン)もまた有用である。酵素的に分解可能な結合は、ポリ(アミノ酸)、ゼラチン、キトサン及び炭水化物を含む。生分解性領域は、1から実質的に水溶性ではない生成物を生み出す値までの範囲の重合度を有することができる。たとえば、モノマー、ダイマー、トリマー、オリゴマー及びポリマー領域を使用してもよい。生分解性領域は、たとえば、1個のメタクリレート基であることもできる。
マクロマーは、当業者に公知の一般的な合成方法によって製造することができる。上記で論じた具体的なマクロマーは、米国特許第5,508,317号、第5,665,840号、第5,807,927号、第5,849,841号、第5,932,674号、第5,939,489号及び第6,011,077号に記載のようにして製造することができる。
マクロマーの重合法は、たとえば、式Iの単位を含むマクロマーを、特に実質的に純粋な形態、すなわち、たとえば1回又は繰り返し限外ろ過したのち、好ましくは溶液、特に水性溶液中で、さらなるビニル系コモノマーの非存在又は存在で架橋させることを含んでもよい。
造影剤を生物医学用製品に含めることが望ましいこともある。造影剤は、たとえば放射線撮影法によってモニタすることができる生適合性(非毒性)物質である。造影剤は、水溶性であることもできるし、水不溶性であることもできる。水溶性造影剤の例は、メトリザミド、イオパミドール、ヨータラム酸ナトリウム、ヨードミドナトリウム及びメグルミンを含む。ヨウ素化液体造影剤は、Omnipaque(登録商標)、Visipaque(登録商標)及びHypaque-76(登録商標)を含む。水不溶性造影剤の例は、タンタル、酸化タンタル、硫酸バリウム、金、タングステン及び白金を含む。これらは、好ましくは約10μm以下の粒度を有する粒子として市販されている。
有効量の一種以上の生物学的に活性な作用物質を生物医学用製品に含めることができる。活性作用物質は、該製品から送達することが望ましくてもよい。送達することが望ましくてもよい生物学的に活性な作用物質は、予防、治療及び診断のための作用物質(本明細書ではまとめて「活性作用物質」又は「薬物」と呼ぶ)を含む。多様な活性作用物質を、有機及び無機の分子及び細胞を含むヒドロゲルに組み込むことができる。組み込まれた添加物のヒドロゲルからの放出は、ヒドロゲルからの作用物質の拡散、ヒドロゲルの分解及び/又は作用物質をポリマーにカップリングさせる化学的結合の分解によって達成される。これに関して、「有効量」とは、所望の効果を得るために必要な活性作用物質の量をいう。
望ましくは、充填剤、たとえば時間とともにヒドロゲルから浸出し、ヒドロゲルを多孔質にする充填剤を生物医学用製品に含めてもよい。それは、たとえば、細胞成長が望まれる場合に望ましくてもよい。適切な充填剤はたとえばカルシウム塩を含む。
ヒドロゲルの多数の特性を簡単に改質させて、ヒドロゲルを多数の用途に適させることができる。たとえば、上記で論じたように、ポリマー主鎖は、所望の性質、たとえば熱応答性、分解性、ゲル化速度及び疎水性を加えるためのコモノマーを含むことができる。改質基をポリマー主鎖(又は懸垂基)に付けて所望の性質、たとえば熱応答性、分解性、疎水性、可撓性及び癒着性を加えることができる。活性作用物質はまた、遊離ヒドロキシル基を使用してポリマー主鎖に付けることもできるし、懸垂基に付けることもできる。
製品は、一般に、マクロマーを適切な溶媒に溶解させ、所望ならばマクロマー溶液を注型するなどによってマクロマーを所望の形状に成形し、そしてマクロマーを架橋させることによって製造される。所望ならば、押出し技術を使用することもできる。被覆が望まれるならば、マクロマーはまた、基材、たとえばカテーテル又はステントと接触させた状態で架橋させることもできる。
多数の異なる予備成形ヒドロゲル製品、たとえば限定されないが、カテーテル、管組織、たとえば神経再生管組織、血管移植片、心臓弁、縫合糸、補てつ物、透析膜、フィルタ、センサー、創傷包帯及び薬物送達製品を製造することができる。ヒドロゲルは、生物医学用製品の全部又は一部を形成する。たとえば、ヒドロゲルは、製品上の被覆物を形成することができる。
以下の例が本発明をさらに説明して、本明細書で特許請求される化合物、組成物、製品、装置及び/又は方法がどのように構成され、評価されるのかの完全な開示及び記載を当業者に提供するが、本発明の範囲を限定することを意図しない。例中、別段明示しない限り、量及び%は重量基準であり、温度は摂氏度又は周囲温度であり、圧力は大気圧又はその付近である。例は、本発明の範囲を限定することを意図しない。
N−メタクリルアミドアセトアルデヒドジメチルアセタール
PVA(別段記載しない限りMowiol 4-88)300gを、攪拌器及び温度計を備えた2リットルの二重ジャケット反応器に導入し、脱イオン水800gを加え、混合物を攪拌しながら95℃に温めた。1時間後、すべての反応体が溶解して明澄な溶液が得られ、それを20℃に冷却した。例で示した量の架橋性アセタールを、所望ならば1種以上のアセタール、酢酸440g、濃縮塩酸(37%)100g及び反応溶液を全部で200g得るのに十分な量の脱イオン水とともに加えた。混合物を20℃で20時間攪拌した。
PVA(別段記載しない限りMowiol 4-88)300gを、攪拌器及び温度計を備えた2リットルの二重ジャケット反応器に導入し、脱イオン水800gを加え、混合物を攪拌しながら95℃に温めた。1時間後、すべての反応体が溶解して明澄な溶液が得られ、それを20℃に冷却した。例で示した量の架橋性アセタールを、所望ならば1種以上のアセタール、酢酸440g、濃縮塩酸(37%)100g及び反応溶液を全部で2000g得るのに十分な量の脱イオン水とともに加えた。混合物を20℃で20時間攪拌した。20時間後、反応溶液のサンプルをNaOHで滴定し、PVAの加水分解の程度を測定した。HClは1.034meq/gであり、酢酸は0.265meq/gであり、3.5モル%の残留アセテート含量に相当した。反応混合物を25℃でさらに2時間攪拌し、再び滴定した。HClは1.034meq/gであり、酢酸は0.277meq/gであり、2.93モル%の残留アセテート含量に相当した。
例1の調製方法を使用した。1kD膜(Millipore)を使用する限外ろ過によってマクロマーを単離した。使用したPVAはHoechstのMowiol 3-83であり、残留アセテート含量は17モル%であり、Mwは8,261であり、Mnは3,646であり、Mw/Mnは2.26であり、固有粘度〔dl/g〕は0.278であった。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
固有粘度:0.329〔dl/g〕
N含量:0.79%
アセタール含量:0.62meq/g
アセテート含量:15.3mol%
Mw18,500、Mn6,735、Mw/Mn2.74
固形分:ゾル状態で30%がゲル状態で30.2%になった。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
固有粘度:0.282〔dl/g〕
N含量:0.789%
アセタール含量:0.57meq/g
アセテート含量:2.81meq/g、15.1モル%に相当
Mw14,151、Mn5,652、Mw/Mn2.58
固形分:ゾル状態で30%がゲル状態で30.0%になった。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
N含量:0.676%
アセタール含量:0.50meq/g
アセテート含量:1.497meq/g、7.5モル%に相当
例1の調製方法を使用した。5kD膜(Millipore)を使用する限外ろ過膜によってマクロマーを単離した。使用したPVAはMowiol 26-88(Hoechst)であり、残留アセテート含量は12モル%であった。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
固有粘度:0.844〔dl/g〕
N含量:0.36%
アセタール含量:0.255meq/g
アセテート含量:12.8モル%
Mw102,341、Mn37,844、Mw/Mn2.70
固形分:ゾル状態で19.6%がゲル状態で15.2%になった。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
固有粘度:0.842〔dl/g〕
N含量:0.791%
アセタール含量:0.56meq/g
アセテート含量:13.4モル%
Mw78,214、Mn31,475、Mw/Mn2.48
固形分:ゾル状態で16.6%がゲル状態で21.4%になった。
ゾル状態で20.3%がゲル状態で25.8%になった。
例2の調製方法を使用した。PVAはHoechstのMowiol 4-88であり、アセタールはメタクリルアミドアセトアルデヒドジメチルアセタールであり、改質性アセタールはN−(2,2−ジメトキシエチル)イソブチルアミドであった。反応時間は20℃で12時間であり、単離は限外ろ過によって実施した。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
N含量:2.26%
総アセタール含量:1.61meq/g
アセテート含量:6.5モル%
曇り点:36℃
固形分:ゾル状態で30%がゲル状態で40.1%になった。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
N含量:2.12%
総アセタール含量:1.52meq/g
アセテート含量:6.6モル%
曇り点:41℃
固形分:ゾル状態で30%がゲル状態で38.2%になった。
a)フリーラジカル光架橋
光開始剤のIrgacure 2959 0.3%(ポリマー含量を基準)を例3a〜4bのマクロマーの30%溶液に加えた。透明なポリプロピレン医学用装置の型の中で、溶液を200WのOriel UV灯(150mW/cm2)に6秒間露光した。ヒドロゲルを型から取り出した。それぞれ透明な固体物質であった。
1−(2,2−ジメトキシエチル)−3,4−ジメチルピロール−2,5−ジオン15g及び濃縮塩酸30gを、水250gに溶解させたPVA(Mowiol 4-88、Hoechst)50gに加えた。混合物を20℃で攪拌し、24時間後、5%水酸化ナトリウム溶液を使用してpH3.6に調節した。溶液を5kDのMilliporeの膜ポリマーに通して限外ろ過に付した(収率81%)。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
固有粘度:0.463〔dl/g〕
N含量:1.11%
架橋剤含量:0.8meq/g
アセテート含量:1.9モル%
PVA(Mowiol 4-88、Hoechst)とチオール含有アセタールのN−(2,2−ジメトキシエチル)−3−メルカプトプロピオンアミドとの反応の生成物、例1の調製法、限外ろ過による単離、添加した酢酸440g、アセタール架橋剤なし。
マクロマーのデータ(ゾル)
固有粘度:0.382〔dl/g〕 改質剤含量:2.3モル%
アセテート含量:11.0モル%
GPC:Mw35,250、Mn6,934、Mw/Mn5.08
固形分:マクロマーは感光性ではなく、熱的に架橋された。これは、チオール基が架橋性基であることを明らかに示した。
ミクロスフェアを製造する一般的方法
1,2−ジクロロエタン(DCE)又はパラフィン300mlを500mlの凹み付き反応釜に入れ、ガラス攪拌棒で攪拌した。溶解するまで攪拌しながら安定剤(セルロースアセテートブチレート(CAB)又はジオクチルスルホスクシネート(DOS)(記録した%値は使用したDCEの量に基づく))を加えた。ひとたび安定剤すべてが溶解したならば、攪拌を止め、窒素を10分間溶液に通した。
Claims (23)
- 1,2−ジオール又は1,3−ジオール構造を有する単位を含むポリマー主鎖と、架橋性基を担持する少なくとも2個の懸垂鎖とを有するマクロマーから形成される、ヒドロゲル生物医学用製品であって、
主鎖ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)及びそのコポリマーを含み、
架橋性基が、フリーラジカル重合によって架橋され、
架橋性基が、オレフィン性不飽和基であり、
架橋性基を担持する懸垂鎖が、環式アセタール結合を介して主鎖に結合し、そして
製品が、10ミクロン〜2000ミクロンの範囲の粒度のミクロスフェアである
ことを特徴とするヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- 主鎖ポリマーがポリヒドロキシポリマーである、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- 架橋性基を担持する懸垂鎖が、1,2−ジオール又は1,3−ジオール基を介して主鎖に結合している、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- マクロマーが懸垂改質基をさらに含む、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- 活性作用物質をさらに含む、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- ヒドロゲルが、1日〜6ヶ月の範囲の期間にわたって活性作用物質を放出する、請求項6記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- ヒドロゲルが生分解性である、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- 造影剤をさらに含む、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- フリーラジカル重合が酸化還元的に開始される、請求項9記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- 1,2−ジオール又は1,3−ジオール構造を有する単位を含むポリマー主鎖と、架橋性基を担持する少なくとも2個の懸垂鎖とを有するマクロマーを架橋させることを含む、ヒドロゲル生物医学用製品の製造方法であって、
主鎖ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)及びそのコポリマーを含み、
架橋性基が、フリーラジカル重合によって架橋され、
架橋性基が、オレフィン性不飽和基であり、
架橋性基を担持する懸垂鎖が、環式アセタール結合を介して主鎖に結合し、そして
製品が、ミクロスフェアである
ことを特徴とする方法。
- 主鎖ポリマーがポリヒドロキシポリマーである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 架橋性基を担持する懸垂鎖が、1,2−ジオール又は1,3−ジオール基を介して主鎖に結合している、請求項11記載の方法。
- マクロマーが懸垂改質基をさらに含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 活性作用物質を適用させることをさらに含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 活性作用物質をヒドロゲルに封入する、請求項16記載の方法。
- ヒドロゲルが、1日〜6ヶ月の範囲の期間にわたって活性作用物質を放出する、請求項17記載の方法。
- ヒドロゲルが生分解性である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 造影剤を適用させることをさらに含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- フリーラジカル重合を酸化還元的に開始させる、請求項11記載の方法。
- ミクロスフィアが、シングル若しくはダブルエマルジョン、懸濁重合、溶媒蒸発、噴霧乾燥、又は抽出によって製造される、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
- 油中水型エマルジョン又は懸濁法によって製造される、請求項1記載のヒドロゲル生物医学用製品。
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JP2013185157A Pending JP2014012851A (ja) | 2000-03-13 | 2013-09-06 | ヒドロゲル生物医学用製品 |
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AU2001243603B9 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
US20010056301A1 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
CA2402773C (en) | 2011-10-11 |
DE60115212T2 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1263801B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1263802B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
ATE327262T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
JP2014012851A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
WO2001068722A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
JP2003527172A (ja) | 2003-09-16 |
AU4361601A (en) | 2001-09-24 |
CA2402774C (en) | 2011-09-06 |
AU4360301A (en) | 2001-09-24 |
EP1263801A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
ES2253360T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
JP5025873B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
EP1263802A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
CA2402774A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
WO2001068721A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
JP2003527173A (ja) | 2003-09-16 |
ATE310752T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
US7070809B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
AU2001243616B2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
DE60115212D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
DE60119906T2 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
AU2001243603B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
DE60119906D1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
CA2402773A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
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