JP5450063B2 - 生体活性骨移植片代替物 - Google Patents
生体活性骨移植片代替物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5450063B2 JP5450063B2 JP2009518354A JP2009518354A JP5450063B2 JP 5450063 B2 JP5450063 B2 JP 5450063B2 JP 2009518354 A JP2009518354 A JP 2009518354A JP 2009518354 A JP2009518354 A JP 2009518354A JP 5450063 B2 JP5450063 B2 JP 5450063B2
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- Prior art keywords
- glass
- collagen
- bone
- calcium phosphate
- bone graft
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
本出願は、参照としてそのまま本明細書に援用される2006年6月29日に出願された米国仮特許出願番号第60/817,617号に対する優先権の利益を主張する。
技術分野
本発明は骨欠損を修復するための生体適合性骨移植片材料および本明細書に開示された骨移植片材料の適用に関する。本発明は、マクロ‐、メソ‐、およびミクロ多孔度を有する無機成型ボディー、コラーゲン、および生体活性ガラスの利点を組み入れる。本発明の生体適合性骨移植片材料はまた、高度に多孔性で均質であり、相互連絡するマクロ‐、メソ‐、およびミクロ多孔度を有する。
改善された骨移植片材料に対する継続した必要性が存在してきた。現在の「至適基準(gold standard)」である自家移植片は理想的な特性と放射線不透過性を有するが、自己骨の使用はドナー側における二次的な手術、疼痛、および病的状態に患者を曝す。ドナー骨から処理される同種移植片デバイスはまた、疾患伝達のリスクを伴う。デバイスは型およびサイズのバリエーションに関して制限され、移植後に低下する至適下の強度特性を有する。同種移植片デバイスの性質は、デバイスが天然であるため変化する。その上、同種移植片を提供する会社は供給物をドナー組織バンクから得るため、供給が限定される傾向がある。近年、合成材料が自家移植片および同種移植片デバイスに対する実用的な代替物になってきている。そのような合成材料の1種として、Vitoss(登録商標)Scaffold Synthetic Cancellous Bone Void Filler(Orthovita,Inc.,Malvern,PA,本出願の譲受人)が挙げられる。自家移植片および同種移植片のように、合成移植片材料は骨の内部成長を促進する骨伝導性スカフォールドとして役立つ。骨増加が促進され、増すに従って、移植片材料は再吸収され、結局新規な骨と置換される。
発明の概要
本発明は再吸収性リン酸カルシウム、再吸収性コラーゲン、および生体活性ガラスを含む生体適合性骨移植片材料に関する。本発明はまた、リン酸カルシウム;生体適合性、再吸収性コラーゲン;および生体活性ガラスを含む、生体適合性骨移植片材料に関し、ここで移植片はマクロ‐、メソ‐、およびミクロ多孔度を有する。さらに、マクロ‐、メソ、およびミクロ多孔度を有するリン酸カルシウム;生体適合性、再吸収性コラーゲン;および生体活性ガラスからなる生体適合性、再吸収性で、実質的に均質な混合物を含む複合生体適合性骨移植片材料が提供される。
実例となる態様の詳細な説明
3種の要素:(1)高度に多孔性の再吸収性無機材料;(2)再吸収性コラーゲン;および(3)再吸収性生体活性ガラス/ガラス‐セラミックを混合することが、改善された再吸収および骨形成性を持つ骨刺激性および骨伝導性インプラントを提供し、さらになお、とりわけ濡らされた時に、材料が巧みに扱われる、たとえば包まれる、切断される、曲げられる、および/または成型されることを可能にする、柔軟な、しなやかな、または流動性の操作性を持つ骨移植片代替物を提供することが発見されている。本発明のインプラントは利用しやすい量の複合材料を提供し、ある種の臨床適用に対して現在の骨再建システムに優る進歩を提供する。
実施例
実施例1:濡れ性
25x100x4mmである乾燥試験試料は重さを量られ、その後生理食塩水溶液に30秒間浸された(dipped)(「浸された(soaked)」)。浸された試料の重量が測定された。これらの試験の結果は表1に表される。
生体活性解析は重量比80:10:10および80:15:5のリン酸カルシウム、コラーゲン、および生体活性ガラスを含むスカフォールド調製物に対して実施された。in vitroアパタイト形成は、Na2SO4、K2HPO4・3H2O、NaHCO3、CaCl2、MgCl2・6H2O、NaCl、およびKClを含むSBFを使用して査定された。これらの試薬は脱イオン水に溶解され、Tris(ヒドロキシル‐メチル‐アミノ‐メタン)および塩酸を使用して、およそpH7.3に調整された。結果として得られた溶液のイオン濃度はヒト血漿のそれに非常に類似する。
実施例3:4週間目におけるリン酸カルシウム:コラーゲン:生体活性ガラス骨移植片代替物(80:15:5)の生体活性
リン酸カルシウム:コラーゲン:生体活性ガラス(80:15:5)の試料は、実施例2に記載の方法により、4週間SBFに浸漬された。4週間後、SEMおよびEDAXスペクトルが取られた。図15、16A、および17Aに見られるように、SBF浸漬前の試料のSEMと比較して、新規なリン酸カルシウム形成はその明確な形態に基づいて確認されうる。新規なリン酸カルシウム形成の確証は、EDAXスペクトル(図16B、17B〜D)によって確証された。図16Bはリン酸カルシウム組成を確証する、新規な増加のEDAXスペクトルを示す。図17Bおよび17Dでさらに証明されるように、新規な増加はVitossとは異なる形態および関連したEDAXスペクトルを有する。図17Cに示されたEDAXスペクトルは、図17Aで見られる基礎骨移植片代替物のコラーゲン鎖を確証する。
実施例4:4週間目におけるリン酸カルシウム:コラーゲン:生体活性ガラス骨移植片代替物(80:10:10)の生体活性
リン酸カルシウム:コラーゲン:生体活性ガラス(80:10:10)の試料は、実施例2に記載の方法により、4週間SBFに浸漬された。4週間後、SEMおよびEDAXスペクトルが取られた。図18、および19Aに見られるように、SBF浸漬前の試料のSEMと比較して、新規なリン酸カルシウム形成はその明確な形態に基づいて確認されうる(図8〜10、12〜14を参照されたい)。新規なリン酸カルシウム組成物の確証は、EDAXスペクトル(図19C)によって確証された。コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックの部分(基礎骨移植片代替物の一部)は図19Bに示されたEDAXスペクトルによって確証される。
実施例5:生体活性ガラス:コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックの生体活性査定
リン酸カルシウム、コラーゲン、およびコンベアイトガラス‐セラミック粒子を含む骨移植片材料は7日間SBFに浸漬された。SEM画像を使用してガラス表面上のリン酸カルシウムの形成が査定された。図20に見られるように、SBFに7日間浸漬されたガラス粒子(図20B)は表面のリン酸カルシウム成長を示し、ガラス‐セラミックの生体活性特質を暗示する。図20Aは比較のために、無反応コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックのSEMを示す。
実施例6:リン酸カルシウム、コラーゲン、および生体活性ガラスの複数の組成物の生体活性試験
リン酸カルシウム、コラーゲン、および生体活性ガラスからなる骨移植片の試料が製造され、生体活性が評価された。試料それぞれのリン酸カルシウムは、商標名Vitoss(登録商標)(Orthovita,Inc.,Malvern,PA)の下で販売される多孔性β‐リン酸三カルシウムであり、そしてそれぞれの試料中で使用される生体活性ガラスはコンベアイトガラス‐セラミックであった。表2に示される調製物が試験された:
すべての試料は後方散乱モードで画像を撮られた。SEM画像を使用して、新規なリン酸カルシウム増加が形態学的に確認された。生体活性ガラスを全く含まない試料(0%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミック試料)ではいずれの時点でも、リン酸カルシウム増加は全く観察されなかった。溶液はこれらの非生体活性試料の表面上で自然に増加を引き起こさないため、これらの結果は試験方法の適切性を確証する。無反応調製物の代表的な図は図21(0日目、100x拡大)に見ることができる。すべての成分がすべての調製物中で見ることができる。SBF中1日目のすべての調製物の代表的な図は図22に示す(1日目、2500x拡大)。すべての調製物中のコンベアイトガラス‐セラミック粒子は0日目のものと比較して、けばだった表面の外見を有する。40%組成物では、新規に形成されたリン酸カルシウム層が生体活性ガラス粒子から隣接するコラーゲン鎖に広がることが認められうる。80%組成物では、周囲の材料に広がり始めているリン酸カルシウムにより生体活性ガラス粒子の大部分はすでに覆われている。
実施例7:臨床操作性
コラーゲン、リン酸カルシウム、および80%、40%、20%、10%または0%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックを含む試験製品は血液によって吸収され、柔軟性、構造完全性、および操作性に関して手動で調査された。すべての試験調製物は、血液を吸い上げる能力を証明し、すべては濡れた時に柔軟性であった(図23Bの例を参照されたい;「クラシック」は0%の生体活性ガラス含有量を表す)。生体活性ガラス40%以下を含む試料は圧縮下で血液を保有し、付加的な調査のために選択された。
実施例8:粒子サイズ<53μmのガラス‐セラミックを持つ試料
コラーゲン、リン酸カルシウム、および粒子サイズ<53μmを有する10%、20%、または40%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックを含む骨移植片試料が作り出され、SEMにより種々の倍率で分析された。すべての調製物は移植片全体に都合よく分布した3種すべての成分を含むことが見いだされた。代表的な画像は図25に示される。
実施例9:粒子サイズ38〜250μmの45S5生体活性ガラスを持つ試料
コラーゲン、リン酸カルシウム、および粒子サイズ38〜250μmを有する10%、20%、または40%45S5生体活性ガラスを含む骨移植片試料が作り出され、種々の倍率でSEMにより分析された。すべての調製物は移植片全体に都合よくした3種すべての成分を含むことが見いだされた。代表的な画像は図26に示される。
実施例10:粒子サイズ90〜150μmのガラス‐セラミックを持つ試料
コラーゲン、リン酸カルシウム、および粒子サイズ90〜150μmを有する15%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックを含む骨移植片試料が作り出され、種々の倍率でSEMにより分析された。この調製物は3種すべての成分が満足のゆく分布をすることが見いだされた。代表的な画像は図27に示される。
実施例11:リン酸カルシウム:コラーゲン:生体活性ガラス骨移植片代替物(75:10:15)の生体活性査定
75%リン酸カルシウム、粒子サイズ90〜150μmを有する15%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミック、および10%コラーゲンは25x100x8mmまたは25x50x4mmの寸法の細片として製造された。試料は表面積約240mmの小さな長方形の棒に切断され、3または7日間、約150mLのSBF中にナイロン線によりつり下げられた。試料は、生体活性を示す新規なリン酸カルシウムの増加に関してSEMおよびEDAXにより分析された。
実施例12:骨移植片代替物の多孔度
コラーゲン;マクロ‐、メソ‐、およびミクロ多孔度を有するリン酸カルシウム;および10、20、40、または80%生体活性ガラス(コンベアイトガラス‐セラミック、<53粒子サイズ)を含む骨移植片の多孔性の特徴は、水銀圧入ポロシメトリーを使用して検査された。それぞれの調製物の多孔度プロファイルは表4に示される。標準化されたポア容積(%)はそれぞれのポアサイズ範囲に対して示される。
実施例13:リン酸カルシウム:コラーゲン:生体活性ガラス骨移植片代替物(75:10:15)の特性の査定
75%リン酸カルシウム(細片サイズ1〜2mm)、15%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミック(90〜150μm粒子サイズ)、および10%コラーゲンを含む生体活性骨移植片材料の試料は望ましい操作性に関して試験された。
実施例14:リン酸カルシウムおよびコラーゲンを含む骨移植片代替物への生体活性ガラスの添加
重量で10%または40%いずれかの生体活性ガラス(コンベアイトガラス‐セラミック、<53μmまたは90〜150μmのいずれかの粒子サイズ)は、重量で約80%の多孔性リン酸カルシウムおよび重量で約20%のコラーゲンを含む骨移植片(Vitoss(登録商標)Foam Pack,Orthovita,Inc.,Malvern,PAとして市販される)に添加され、成型可能な複合生体活性移植片を形成した。材料を製造するために、約1.2mLのリン酸カルシウム/コラーゲン骨移植片は約1.3mLの生理食塩水に吸収され、約2分間こねられた。次にコンベアイトガラス‐セラミックが添加され、複合材料はさらにおよそ2分間こねられ、試料のだいたい中心から一部が除去され、脱水され、SEM分析のために準備された。
実施例15:骨移植片材料のin vivo試験
イヌの両側上腕骨欠損インプラント研究は、骨組織と直接接触する骨移植片材料を評価するために行われる。骨リモデリング、新規骨形成、およびインプラント再吸収は周期的で評価される。
実施例16:骨移植片代替物の多孔度
10%コラーゲン;マクロ‐、メソ‐、およびミクロ多孔度を有する75%リン酸カルシウム(75%);および15%生体活性ガラス(コンベアイトガラス‐セラミック)を含む骨移植片の多孔性の特徴は、水銀圧入ポロシメトリーを使用して検査された。15%コンベアイトガラス‐セラミックを含む移植片の2種の形態、寸法25x100x4mm(15%薄型)の1種、および寸法25x50x8mm(15%厚型)の1種の多孔度プロファイルは表5に示される。また、生体活性ガラスを含まない(0%)移植片の多孔度プロファイルが示される。標準化されたポア容積(%)はそれぞれのポアサイズ範囲に対して示される。
実施例17:生体活性ガラスを含む成型可能な移植片の崩壊抵抗性および流体保持
多孔性リン酸カルシウムおよびコラーゲンからなる約5ccの骨移植片材料(Vitoss(登録商標)Foam Pack,Orthovita,Inc.,Malvern,PAとして市販される)は約4.5ccの生理食塩水により水和され、成型可能な硬さにこねられた。粒子サイズ90〜150μmを有する約0.54gのコンベアイトガラス‐セラミック(移植片の乾燥質量2.15gに基づいて約20%)は水和材料の中にこねられた。
実施例18:コラーゲン再吸収/安定性の速度に対する生体活性ガラスの効果
リン酸カルシウム、コラーゲン、およびコンベアイトガラス‐セラミックを含む試料は「薄型」10x6x4mm試料(表面積248mm2)および「厚型」5x6x8mm試料(表面積248236mm2)に切断され、150mLのSBF中にナイロン線でつり下げられた。28日間の研究で7日目の厚型試料は線から抜け、ばらばらに壊れた。SEMによる精査では、大部分のコラーゲンが分解したが、多少のリン酸カルシウムにコーティングされたコラーゲンが観察された。厚型および薄型両方の14日目の試料は線から抜け、ばらばらに壊れた。3日目に採取された溶液のpH示度は厚型試料で7.6、薄型試料で7.53であった。7日目では、pHは厚型で7.58,そして薄型で7.54であった。
Claims (9)
- 再吸収性コラーゲンと再吸収性リン酸カルシウムの均質ブレンドを含む骨移植片材料であって、マクロ−、メソ−、およびミクロ多孔度を有する移植片材料;および
生体活性ガラスをその中に含む隔離された容器
を含むキット。 - 生体活性ガラスがコンベアイトガラスセラミック、45S5ガラス、45S5ガラスセラミック、58S5ガラス、S53P4ガラス、アパタイト−ワラストナイトガラス、またはアパタイト−ワラストナイトガラスセラミックを含む、請求項1記載のキット。
- 生体活性ガラスが150μm未満の粒子サイズを有する、請求項1記載のキット。
- 生体活性ガラスが単位用量にて提供される、請求項1記載のキット。
- 生体活性ガラスがコンベアイトを含む、請求項1記載のキット。
- リン酸カルシウムがベータ−TCPである、請求項1記載のキット。
- 骨移植片材料が濡れた時に柔軟性、成型可能性、または流動性である、請求項1記載のキット。
- 骨移植片が20重量%までのコラーゲンを含む、請求項1記載のキット。
- 生体活性ガラスが骨移植片材料とブレンドされて骨移植片を形成するような量にて存在し、そして、骨移植片が40重量%までの生体活性ガラスを含む、請求項1記載のキット。
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EP2896411B1 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
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US20080187571A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
IL196015A (en) | 2013-01-31 |
EP2040765A2 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
US8460686B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
EP2422822A1 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
WO2008002682A2 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
AU2007265379B9 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
CA2656050C (en) | 2015-02-03 |
US20130059011A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
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ZA200900276B (en) | 2010-02-24 |
AU2007265379A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
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