JP5330071B2 - Impact resistant member, human body protective clothing, and method of manufacturing impact resistant member - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact resistant member, a human body protective garment, and a method for manufacturing the impact resistant member used for protecting against impact of a high-speed flying object.

  Conventionally, as a member that has impact resistance against high-speed flying objects such as bullets, multilayer lamination in which ceramic or metal is laminated via an adhesive on impact-resistant fiber-reinforced plastic that is made of resin or other material attached to high-strength fibers The body has been developed. And the impact-resistant member which used such a multilayer laminated body for the protective vest etc. is proposed (for example, refer patent document 1). Many of these members have a structure in which a multilayer laminate is molded into a single flat plate or curved plate.

  In addition, as a protective vest, a method of manufacturing a body protective device is proposed in which a disk-shaped small plate called a disk is bonded and molded to give freedom of movement of the wearer and to obtain protection. (For example, see Patent Document 2).

JP 2005-254487 A JP-T-2002-531804

  However, since the multilayer laminated body described in Patent Document 1 is a plate material having a fixed shape, it cannot be said that the wearing feeling at the time of wearing is good without adapting to the human body. In such multi-layer laminates, there are also impact-resistant members that are shaped like a human body by joining curved plates, but when producing as mass-produced products, uniform dimensions are adopted. Will be. Therefore, in the end, the wearer feels uncomfortable.

  On the other hand, the manufacturing method of the body armor described in Patent Document 2 is formed by bonding a large number of small plates to give flexibility. However, in this case, a body part that is protected against a shock by one small plate and a body part that is protected by two sheets are generated. On the other hand, if it is going to secure protection performance, it will be necessary to increase the thickness of a small board, and the weight of a body armor will become heavy. Moreover, since each small plate needs to be milled, it requires a great deal of cost and man-hours to manufacture, and is not suitable for actual production.

  Furthermore, in the body armor described above, it is also important to select a joining method so that the arrangement configuration of the platelets is maintained during use and flexibility can be ensured. In Patent Document 2, (a) a small plate is arranged and fixed on a release paper and a film with an adhesive surface, (b) a small plate is arranged in a predetermined arrangement on a mold or the like, and an outer cloth in which an adhesive is applied thereon (C) Simply cover both sides with an outer cloth, apply an adhesive only to the outer edge of the outer cloth, and bond and fix only the outer cloth. Joining is being attempted.

  However, the method (a) does not necessarily provide a strong adhesive strength. In the method (c), the whole is simply wrapped with a cloth that is easily deformed. Accordingly, none of the holding powers of the arrangement configuration is sufficient. On the other hand, in the method (b), the gap between the small plate and the outer fabric is filled with an adhesive in order to firmly maintain the small plate arrangement, and flexibility is lost. Thus, the joining method which can implement | achieve both arrangement | positioning holding | maintenance of a small plate and ensuring flexibility has not been established yet.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an impact-resistant member that is lightweight and flexible, and that is excellent in impact resistance, and a method for manufacturing the impact-resistant member.

  (1) In order to achieve the above object, an impact-resistant member according to the present invention is an impact-resistant member used for protection against impact of a high-speed flying object, and includes small plates arranged in a scale shape. In the small plate row in the direction in which adjacent small plates contact each other among the small plates, the small plate row which is in a positional relationship with each other covers the object to be protected without a gap.

  Thus, the impact resistant member of the present invention covers the surface of the object to be protected without gaps because the row of small plates that are in a mutually spaced positional relationship with each other. At any one point above, the direction of point impact always intersects two of the small plates. Moreover, since the platelets are arranged in a scale shape, there is flexibility, and there is little discomfort when worn. Moreover, since the protection target is covered by the row, the small plates fit well and are not bulky. Moreover, a simple manufacturing process can be adopted and it is very useful industrially.

  (2) Further, in the impact resistant member according to the present invention, each of the small plates has a main surface shape with an inscribed circle having a constant size, and the small plates adjacent to each other in any row of the small plate rows. The overlap formed by the main surface inscribed circles of the plates is a separation with respect to the arbitrary row, with respect to the projection in the thickness direction of the plate, a specific platelet having a main surface inscribed circle that touches or intersects. It exists in the plate row which becomes. As a result, the object to be protected can be efficiently covered with the small plates in the row, and as a result, the entire surface can be covered with the two small plates.

  (3) In addition, the impact resistant member according to the present invention includes a small plate and a direction from the center of the principal surface inscribed circle of the specific small plate toward the closest intersection of the principal surface inscribed circles. The angle formed by the arrangement direction of the rows is 75 ° or more and 105 ° or less. Thereby, the protection target can be efficiently covered with the small plates of the row. On the other hand, the weight can be reduced while maintaining the impact resistance.

  (4) Further, in the impact resistant member according to the present invention, each of the small plates has a main surface shape in which an inscribed circle has a constant size, and the main surface inscribed of adjacent small plates in the small plate row. The ratio between the overlap width formed by the circles and the radius of the small plate is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less. Thereby, the protection target can be efficiently covered, and the impact resistant member is not bulky and can be reduced in weight.

(5) Moreover, the impact resistant member according to the present invention is such that the platelet is 10% or less in porosity and 99% or more in purity with respect to Rockwell hardness HRC measured by echo chip hardness measurement of an aluminum oxide dense body. Thus, it is characterized by being formed of a ceramic or metal matrix composite material having a hardness greater than 1.1 times and a density of 3.5 × 10 ³ kg / m ³ or less. As described above, since the deformation is suppressed to a predetermined standard or less and the deformation is reduced by the high hardness material, it is possible to reduce the impact on the protection target. Moreover, since the impact-resistant member is lightweight, when it is used as a protective suit, it is easy to move in a worn state.

  (6) Further, the impact resistant member according to the present invention is characterized in that the small plate is formed of silicon nitride. Silicon nitride is relatively inexpensive, has a simple manufacturing method, and does not require special post-processing. Therefore, it is highly industrially useful.

  (7) Moreover, the impact resistant member according to the present invention further includes a buffer layer made of a non-repulsive material or a low-repulsive material disposed on at least one side, and the small plate is not processed to take a corner. It is a feature. Thereby, it is easy to hold | maintain an arrangement configuration because a buffer layer fixes a small board. In addition, since the non-repulsive material or the low-repulsive material has appropriate plasticity and elasticity, it is possible to minimize deterioration of the wearing feeling. A simple flat plate can be used as the small plate. Further, the non-repulsive material or the low-repulsive material increases the impact resistance performance of the entire structure, and at the same time has a role of absorbing debris when a substrate made of ceramics or the like is broken.

  (8) Moreover, the impact-resistant member which concerns on this invention is further provided with the outer fabric adhere | attached on the said board with the adhesive agent by pressure reduction crimping | compression-bonding. Adhesion strength between the small plates can be obtained by bonding with such an outer cloth. Further, since the outer fabric has appropriate plasticity and elasticity, it is possible to ensure both the holding capacity of the configuration and the flexibility of the entire configuration.

  (9) Moreover, the impact-resistant member which concerns on this invention is equipped with said impact-resistant member, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Thereby, flexibility is maintained, and a lightweight and impact-resistant human body protective clothing can be realized.

  (10) Moreover, the impact resistant member manufacturing method according to the present invention is an impact resistant member manufacturing method used for protecting against impacts of high-speed flying objects, and a plate array in a direction in which adjacent platelets come into contact with each other. About the steps of arranging the platelets in a scale shape so that the platelet rows that are in a positional relationship with each other cover the protection target without gaps, and on both sides of the platelet layer formed by the arranged platelets It includes a step of bonding a cloth, a step of putting a platelet layer to which the cloth is bonded into a sealable bag, and a step of evacuating the sealable bag.

  By evacuating the sealable bag in this manner, it is possible to produce an impact resistant member without maintaining an arrangement of the platelets and leaving the adhesive more than necessary. As a result, the flexibility can be maintained while ensuring the impact resistance of the impact resistant member.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while being lightweight and flexible, it can provide the impact-resistant member which is excellent in impact resistance, a human body protective clothing, and the manufacturing method of an impact-resistant member.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the impact-resistant member which concerns on this invention. It is a front view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. It is a side view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. It is a bottom view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. It is a front view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. It is a front view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between an angle θ and an equivalent area S. It is a front view which shows the comparative example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. It is a front view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of a small board. It is the front view which illustrated the dimension of the small board arrangement | sequence. It is the front view which illustrated the dimension of the small board arrangement | sequence. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the degree of overlap X and the equivalent area S. It is a figure which shows an example of the adhesion | attachment method which is not based on this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the adhesion | attachment method of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the adhesion | attachment method of this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the experimental result about each material. It is a table | surface which shows the result of performance evaluation.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the description, the same reference numerals are given to the same components in the respective drawings, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

[Configuration of impact-resistant member]
(The entire)
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the impact resistant member 5. The impact resistant member 5 is used to protect against impacts of high-speed flying objects. As shown in FIG. 1, the impact resistant member 5 includes a platelet layer 60, a fiber layer 40, and a buffer layer 61. The platelet layer 60 has the platelets 10 arranged in a scale shape and an outer cloth 63 covering both sides thereof. The small plates 10 and the small plate 10 and the outer cloth 63 are joined together by an adhesive 70. The small plates 10 are formed in a disc shape and are preferably all of a certain size.

(Small plate)
If the size of the small plate 10 is too small, the number of man-hours for arrangement increases, and if it is too large, the flexibility of the impact resistant member 5 is impaired. Therefore, for example, in the case of a disc, the diameter is preferably 25 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and more preferably about 50 mm in diameter. Further, the small plate 10 may have a rectangular plate shape, a polygonal plate shape, or the like. In that case, it is preferable that the inscribed circle has a main surface shape having a constant size. In the case of a quadrangular plate shape or a polygonal plate shape, the inscribed circle overlap and the center position are arranged in the same manner as in the case of the disc shape. Thus, the arrangement of the small plate 10 can be grasped as a condition regarding the inscribed circle including the outer circumference of the disc.

  The main surface of the small plate 10 can be a surface that has not been subjected to grinding. Impact resistance can be further improved by using a so-called as-cast surface or unfired surface that is not subjected to grinding as the main surface of the small plate 10 as it is.

  The thickness of the small plate 10 varies depending on the material used and the level of performance required, and is not limited. The material of the small plate 10 is mainly ceramics or a composite material of ceramics and metal. When selecting a material, it is particularly necessary to consider hardness and density.

The hardness of the small plate 10 is one of the important factors that influence the impact resistance performance of the impact resistant member 5. If the deformation of the plate 10 is large, the impact on the human body increases. Even if the small plates 10 are superposed on each other, the impact resistance performance of the small plates 10 affects the overall impact resistance performance. Therefore, it is important that the deformation is suppressed to a predetermined standard or less by a high hardness material. On the other hand, the impact resistant member 5 is also required to be lightweight. Under such circumstances, the platelet 10 is larger than 1.1 times the Rockwell hardness HRC measured by echo chip hardness measurement of an aluminum oxide dense body having a porosity of 10% or less and a purity of 99% or more. It is preferably formed of a ceramic or metal matrix composite material having hardness and a density of 3.5 × 10 ³ kg / m ³ or less. Specifically, the platelet 10 is preferably made of silicon nitride. The arrangement of the small plate 10 will be described later.

(the film)
The platelet 10 preferably has a film 62. The film 62 is attached to the surface of the small plate 10. Thereby, when an impact is applied, scattering due to destruction of the small plate 10 itself is prevented. As the film 62, for example, a vinyl film or the like in which the adhesive 70 and the release paper are attached in advance to one surface and can be adhered to the small plate 10 by peeling the release paper can be used. Alternatively, the woven fabric can be attached to the platelet 10 using the adhesive 70 and used as a substitute for the film 62. As the woven fabric, for example, a polyester-based thin fabric can be used, but it is not particularly limited. Even if a high-strength fiber woven fabric is used, there is no functional problem.

(Outer cloth)
The outer cloth 63 is arranged on both surfaces of the small plate layer 60 and is bonded together with the small plates 10 in order to fix the arranged small plates 10. When the platelets 10 are directly joined together, it is difficult to ensure flexibility, and therefore it is preferable to bond them via the outer cloth 63. As the outer cloth 63, for example, a woven cloth made of high-strength fibers can be used. It is preferable that the outer cloth 63 is bonded to the small plate 10 by using a pressure-sensitive adhesive 70 with reduced pressure.
However, details of the fixing method will be described later.

(adhesive)
In joining the arranged platelets 10, it is necessary to simultaneously realize the maintenance of the arrangement and the flexibility during use. For example, since the arrangement cannot be maintained with the film 62 alone, the use of the adhesive 70 is indispensable. For example, the outer cloth 63 to which the adhesive 70 has been applied in advance is covered on both surfaces of the small plate layer 60, and the small plate 10, the outer cloth 63, and the outer cloth 63 can be bonded to each other.

(Fiber layer)
It is preferable to arrange the fiber layer 40 made of high-strength fibers on the side to be protected of the platelet layer 60 configured as described above, that is, the side in contact with the human body. The fiber layer 40 improves the impact resistance performance of the impact resistant member 5 and absorbs fragments when the platelet layer 60 made of ceramics or the like breaks. The high strength fiber means a fiber excellent in tensile strength and elastic modulus. The material of the high strength fiber is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use an aramid fiber or a wholly aromatic polyester.

(Buffer layer)
When a simple flat plate that is not subjected to finishing such as cornering is used as the small plate 10, unevenness occurs on both the impacted surface and the surface to be protected of the scale-shaped small plate layer 60. In particular, the unevenness on the surface to be protected greatly impairs the wearing feeling when worn. Such unevenness is not sufficient even if the fiber layer 40 is disposed on the surface to be protected, and the fiber layer 40 is leveled like a scale. Therefore, it is preferable to dispose a non-repulsive material or a low-repulsive material (hereinafter referred to as “non-repulsive material”) as the buffer layer 61 on the surface to be protected. Thereby, the deterioration of a feeling of mounting can be suppressed to the minimum using a simple flat plate 10. A buffer layer 61 may be provided on the impacted surface.

The buffer layer 61 can also be expected to have an effect of absorbing and dispersing energy when subjected to an impact and soothing the shock to the human body. Examples of the non-repulsive material used for the buffer layer 61 include sponge, foamed urethane, and soft rubber. However, in order to ensure the weight reduction of the whole structure, the specific gravity should be low, and the density is preferably 0.5 × 10 ³ kg / m ³ or less. A bubble cushioning material may be used.

[Plate placement]
(Plate row)
Next, the arrangement of the small plates 10 will be described. 2A to 2C are a front view, a side view, and a bottom view showing an example of the arrangement of the small plates 10. In the following description, the surface that receives an impact will be described as the front. Moreover, the arrows represented by 2A to 2C in each figure indicate the mutual relationship in the viewing direction. 3A and 3B are front views showing an example of the arrangement of the small plates 10. As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the impact-resistant member 5 is constituted by a disk-shaped small plate 10 having the same diameter, and the small plate 10 is partially in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in the drawing. They are placed one on top of the other. The small plates 10 are arranged in a straight line in the horizontal direction in the figure. Adjacent platelets 10 are in contact in the row. As shown in FIG. 3A, each row in the horizontal direction is called a small plate row L1, L2, L3, L4. Also, the column positions in the small plate row are called C1, C2, C3, and C4. For example, the position of the vertical column C1 in the plate plate row L1 is shown as (1, 1). In the above example, 16 platelets 10 are arranged, but more platelets 10 are usually used.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, two small plates 10 adjacent at positions (1, 1), (1, 2) in the small plate row L1 are overlapped with each other. The small plate 10 at the position (3, 2) is in contact with the projection P in the thickness direction of the overlapping small plate 10. In addition, although it is preferable that the projection of the small plate 10 at the position (3, 2) is in contact with the projection P, it may be arranged so as to intersect. When the small plates 10 are uniformly arranged, the same relationship is established for any of the small plate rows L1 to L4. Thus, in any row of the small plate rows L1 to L4, the overlap formed by the adjacent small plates 10 touches or intersects with respect to the projection in the small plate thickness direction. It exists in a plate row that is separated from the row.

  The above relationship can also be expressed using the intersection points 12 and 13 on the overlap of the platelets 10. That is, in the uppermost plate row L1, there is an overlap P between the platelets 10 at the positions (1, 1), (1, 2), and overlaps at two locations on the outer circumference of each of the platelets 10. Intersection points 12 and 13 exist. The intersection 13 closer to the platelet 10 at the position (3, 2) is arranged on the outer circumference of the platelet 10 at the position (3, 2).

  In the above example, a specific arrangement relationship is established between the small plate row L1 and the small plate row L3, but the same arrangement relationship is also provided between the small plate row L2 and the small plate row L4. Is established. Thus, for example, in each of the uppermost first column, the third column, the fifth column, and the following odd-numbered column group, and the second column, the fourth column, the sixth column, and the even-numbered column group. The entire projection surface can be covered. As described above, among the small plate rows L1 to L4 in the direction in which the adjacent small plates 10 are in contact with each other among the arranged small plates 10, the small plate rows that are in a mutually separated positional relationship cover the protection target without gaps. ing. Accordingly, in the impact resistant member 5, at least one small plate 10 always overlaps the surface to be protected at any one point within the impacted surface of the small plate layer 60 excluding the end portion.

(Plate overlap)
With such an arrangement of the small plate 10, for example, when a point impact such as a bullet is assumed, the direction of the point impact is always 2 of the small plate 10 at any one point in the surface of the small plate layer 60 excluding the end portion. Intersect with the sheet. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, the overlap of the small plates 10 in the plate row direction is about one half of the radius R of the plate 10 and the overlap of the small plates 10 in the direction perpendicular to the plate row. Is about three-fifths of the diameter of the platelet 10. At this time, the overlapping degree X of the small plates 10 in the small plate row direction is 0.5.

  FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the small plate 10. The angle θ formed by the direction from the center of the principal plane inscribed circle of the specific platelet 10 toward the closest intersection of the overlapping planes formed by the principal plane inscribed circles and the arrangement direction of the platelet rows is 75 ° or more and 105 °. The following is preferable. In particular, as shown in FIG. 3B, the intersection 13 where each outer circumference exists due to the overlap of the small plates 10 in the uppermost small plate row, and the center point of the small plate 10 in the third row of small plate rows L3, Is preferably orthogonal to the arrangement direction 21 of the platelet rows.

  FIG. 3C is a graph showing the relationship between the angle θ and the equivalent area S when the overlapping degree X of the adjacent small plates 10 in the small plate row is fixed to 0.25. As shown in FIG. 3C, when the angle θ is 75 ° or more and 105 ° or less, the equivalent area S is 1.250 or more, and a high value is maintained. Therefore, when the angle θ is not less than 75 ° and not more than 105 °, the protection target can be efficiently covered with the double plate 10. And it can reduce in weight, maintaining impact resistance. Further, since the equivalent area S takes the maximum value when the angle θ is 90 °, the protection target can be covered with the small plate 10 most efficiently when the angle θ is 90 °. The equivalent area S is an index proportional to the area that can be covered by the predetermined number of small plates 10 and will be described in detail later.

  For comparison, the arrangement of the platelets 10 not according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 4A is a front view showing a comparative example of the arrangement of the small plates 10. In the arrangement of the small plate 10 as shown in FIG. 4A, when a point impact such as a bullet is applied, a straight line in the traveling direction of the point impact intersects with two pieces of the small plate 10 depending on a portion where the point impact is applied. There is a case where it intersects with only one sheet. In such a case, in order to ensure the desired impact resistance, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the small plate 10 at a portion where only one sheet intersects. As a result, the weight of the platelet 10 increases. And in the site | part which intersects with two sheets of the small board 10, thickness increases more than necessary and total weight also increases.

  FIG. 4B is a front view showing an example of the arrangement of the small plates 10 different from the above. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 4B, the angle θ formed by the radial direction 20 and the arrangement direction 21 is 45 °. The overlap between the small plates 10 in the small plate row direction is 0.5R with respect to the radius R of the small plate 10, and the distance between the small plate rows in the direction perpendicular to the small plate row is 0.69R. The distance between the platelet rows in the example of FIG. 4A is smaller than 0.83R. That is, in the arrangement method as illustrated in FIG. 4B, the number of small plates 10 necessary for assembling the entire impact-resistant member 5 to the same size arrangement increases, and the overall weight increases.

(Optimum overlap width)
Next, the overlap between the small plates 10 in the small plate row direction will be described. The arrangement shown in FIG. 3A is uniquely determined by determining the overlapping degree X of the small plates 10 in the direction of the small plate row, and the arrangement pattern is infinite by changing the overlapping degree X of the small plates 10 in the direction of the small plate row. Exists. However, on the other hand, the optimum range of the overlap degree X is determined from a request for weight reduction of the whole.

The weight reduction of the entire impact-resistant member 5 is equivalent to arranging the small plate 10 so as to make the area occupied by the same number of sheets as wide as possible. 5A and 5B are front views illustrating dimensions of the platelet arrangement. This area, 5A, and a column of spreading A platelet platelet 10 shown in Figure 5B, determined by the corresponding area S of the product of the spread B in a direction perpendicular to platelet column divided by R ^2. 5A and 5B, the overlapping degree X of the small plates 10 in the small plate row direction is expressed as X as a ratio to the radius R of the small plate 10. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the overlap degree X and the equivalent area S. As shown in FIG. The equivalent area S is also a relative value with respect to a value when X is zero. According to FIG. 6, when X is about 0.25, the equivalent area S is maximum, and approximately 0.1 ≦ X ≦ 0.5, which is a value corresponding to it. Therefore, in order to reduce the weight with the arrangement of the small plates 10 shown in FIG. 3A, the overlapping widths of the small plates 10 in the small plate row direction are 0.1 times or more and 0.5 times or less the radius R of the small plates 10. It can be seen that it is preferable to dispose. Thus, the ratio X (overlap degree) between the overlap width formed by the main surface inscribed circles of the adjacent small plates 10 in the small plate row and the small plate radius R is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less. Is preferred.

[Production method]
Next, the manufacturing method of the impact-resistant member 5 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated.

(Plate production)
First, the small plate 10 is prepared. When the ceramic sintered plate 10 is produced, for example, the raw material particles can be granulated and press-molded to form a porous intermediate product, which can then be subjected to pressure sintering at a predetermined temperature and pressure. Further, when the metal matrix composite plate 10 is produced, for example, a porous material is formed by injecting a slurry of a reinforcing material into a rubber mold or the like to be baked and hardened, and then raw-processed into a predetermined shape. Metal can penetrate into the processed product.

  On the other hand, a simple flat plate is used for the small plate 10 without performing finishing such as milling. Thereby, the processing cost and man-hour at the time of manufacture are reduced significantly. In addition, when the surface shape is processed, only the arrangement corresponding to the processed shape is possible, whereas a simple flat plate can correspond to various arrangement methods.

  As described above, the small plates 10 are arranged in a scale shape so that the small plate rows that are in a positional relationship with each other as described above cover the protection target without gaps. Then, the outer cloth 63 is bonded to both surfaces of the platelet layer 60 formed by the arranged platelets 10. In that case, it is necessary to embed the adhesive 70 between the scale-like outer shape of the platelet layer 60 and the outer cloth 63 without any gap. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a bonding method not according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, when a large amount of the adhesive 70 is used, the flexibility of the entire impact-resistant member 5 can be reduced due to the influence of the embedded adhesive 70. In order to sufficiently secure the flexibility and overall arrangement of the impact-resistant member 5, it is necessary to minimize the amount of the adhesive 70 used and to increase the adhesion between the outer cloth 63 and the small plate 10. is there. There are three possible bonding methods for that purpose as follows.

(Adhesion method 1)
As one method, after the outer cloth 63 is joined, the entire impact-resistant member 5 can be pressurized through a dedicated mold to be crimped together with the outer cloth 63 in a scale-like shape. According to this method, the outer cloth 63 and the small plate 10 are brought into close contact with each other, and at the same time, the adhesive 70 exceeding the necessary amount is expelled. However, as long as pressure bonding is performed, durability is required as a dedicated mold, so an expensive metal mold is required. Moreover, although it is necessary to change the thickness of the small plate 10 according to the required performance, it is necessary to prepare metal molds corresponding to the thickness of the small plate 10. Furthermore, in the case of mass production as an industrial product, since a plurality of lots are manufactured in parallel, a plurality of metal molds are required for the thickness of one kind of small plate 10. Therefore, the initial investment cost for manufacturing them increases.

(Adhesion method 2)
As a second method, there is a method using a sealable bag 80 and a vacuum pump 81. FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a bonding method using the vacuum pump 81. As shown in FIG. 8A, an outer cloth 63 is bonded to a platelet layer 60 having a scale-like outer shape, and this is covered with a bag 80 having an airtight bag wall and a vacuum pump 81 from the opening of the bag 80. Aspirate with. In this way, it is preferable that the inside of the bag 80 is decompressed and bonded and fixed. The inside of the bag 80 is depressurized to several hundred pascals with the assembly shown in FIG. Thereafter, the outer cloth 63 and the platelet layer 60 are taken out from the bag 80 and used as the impact resistant member 5. The bag 80 may be used as the impact resistant member 5 with the outer cloth 63 and the small plate layer 60 left in the bag 80.

  By making the inside of the bag 80 in a reduced pressure state as described above, the adhesion between the small plate 10 and the outer cloth 63 is remarkably improved, and an unnecessary amount of the adhesive 70 is also expelled from the small plate layer 60. As a result, only a minimal amount of adhesive 70 remains on the platelet layer 60 and adhesion can be secured. In such a state, since the outer cloth 63 has appropriate plasticity and appropriate elasticity, it is possible to secure both the retention and flexibility of the arrangement. Further, since the vacuum pump 81 is required only for a few minutes during the vacuum suction, it can be shared. Since the bag 80 having a film wall is inexpensive, the initial investment cost can be reduced even during mass production.

  In the middle of the pressure-bonding process, the arrangement of the small plate 10 is maintained to some extent by bonding with the outer cloth 63, but a double-sided tape having weak adhesive force is sandwiched between the small plates 10 and temporarily fixed. May be performed. Temporary fixing is not an obstacle to securing flexibility because of its weak adhesive strength.

  The material of the bag 80 whose film wall is a film is not particularly limited. For example, a polyethylene bag 80 having a thickness of about 0.1 mm can be used. Further, it preferably has a sealing function like a so-called chuck. The vacuum pump 81 is not particularly limited in its model and specifications as long as a pressure reduction of about several hundred Pascals can be secured as an assembly of the entire pressure reducing device including the bag 80 and associated jigs such as connection pipes. The outer fabric 63 is preferably made of high-strength fiber because it requires appropriate plasticity and elasticity.

  In the above example, only the platelet layer 60 wrapped in the outer cloth 63 is enclosed in the bag 80 and vacuum suctioned. However, the fiber layer 40 and the buffer layer 61 are also enclosed in the bag 80. Vacuum suction may be used. Thereby, sufficient adhesion is obtained between the fiber layer 40 or the buffer layer 61 and the platelet layer 60 wrapped in the outer cloth 63.

(Adhesion method 3)
FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a bonding method using the dedicated rubber mold 82. In the method shown in FIG. 8B, a dedicated rubber mold 82 made of silicon rubber is stacked on both sides of the small plate layer 60 and the dedicated rubber mold 82 is pressure-bonded together under reduced pressure. Then, after holding the dedicated rubber mold 82 for a required time under reduced pressure as it is, it is removed from the bag 80 and the dedicated rubber mold 82 is released from the outer cloth 63. With such a method, although the required man-hours are increased by attaching and detaching the dedicated rubber mold 82, it is further ensured that the arrangement is maintained during the reduced pressure bonding. In addition, since the silicon rubber mold is overwhelmingly cheaper than the metal mold, the initial investment cost can be reduced.

  The joining method of the small plate 10 and the film 62, the outer cloth 63 and the fiber layer 40 on the surface to be protected, and the buffer layer 61 made of a non-repulsive material or the like is not particularly limited. A urethane resin or epoxy resin adhesive 70 may be used, or a release paper and a film 62 with an adhesive surface may be used. In addition, as the adhesive 70 used for joining the platelet layer 60 and the outer cloth 63, for example, urethane resin or epoxy resin-based adhesive 70 can be used, but the material is not particularly limited.

  Examples of uses of the impact resistant member 5 manufactured in this way include human body protective clothing such as bulletproof clothing, bulletproof shields, and helmets. The impact resistant member 5 is excellent in improving the feeling of mounting on a human body having a curved surface shape, and the mounting member on the human body is mainly used.

[Experiment 1]
The impact resistance performance of each material for the small plate 10 was evaluated by itself. First, a plate-like sample was prepared with seven kinds of materials, and the hardness was measured. At that time, the Rockwell hardness HRC was measured by an echo chip test. The echo tip hardness measurement is conventionally used for the hardness test of steel, cast steel and cast iron, and the echo tip hardness test method (ASTM standard A956-96 “Standard test method for echo tip hardness test of steel products”). ). In this method, the surface of the test object is hit with an impact body, the ratio of the rebound speed and the hit speed of the impact body is obtained, and the hardness value of the test object based on this ratio (L = repulsion speed / The compressive strength of the DUT is estimated based on the impact speed × 1000).

  Further, the sample was subjected to a ballistic resistance test under the conditions conforming to Level III of the US NIJ standard. That is, a bullet with a diameter of 7.62 mm was shot at a shooting distance of 8 m and a bullet velocity of 700 m / s using a 64 type rifle, and the state of the sample was observed. Each sample of material was tested at different thicknesses, and the product of the minimum thickness not penetrating and the specific gravity was evaluated as the weight when not penetrating.

  FIG. 9 is a table showing experimental results for each material. As shown in FIG. 9, hardness and non-penetration weight have a positive correlation. In particular, SiC / Si composite material, silicon nitride, and boron carbide are lightweight and have excellent impact resistance. It was recognized that

These materials with excellent impact resistance had a Rockwell hardness HRC greater than 55 when the echo chip hardness was measured. On the other hand, the Rockwell hardness HRC of an aluminum oxide dense body having a porosity of 10% or less and a purity of 99% or more is 50 according to the echo chip hardness measurement. It is preferred to have a Rockwell hardness HRC greater than one time. At the same time, since these materials having excellent impact resistance have a density of 3.5 × 10 ³ kg / m ³ or less, the impact-resistant member 5 using this material for the small plate 10 is lightweight.

Referring to the above experimental results, the small plate 10 has a density of 3.5 × 10 ³ kg / m ³ or less and a porosity of 10% or less and a purity of 99% when the echo chip hardness is measured. It is preferable to use a material having a Rockwell hardness HRC greater than 1.1 times the hardness of the dense aluminum oxide. Among these materials, SiC / Si composite materials, silicon nitride, and boron carbide are included, but the same can be achieved by using sialon (ceramics made of Si, Al, O, and N) instead of silicon nitride. The effect can be expected. Of course, materials obtained by bonding these materials to each other can also be expected to have equivalent or better performance, and thus are included in the range of materials selected in the present invention.

  Of the SiC / Si composite material, silicon nitride, and boron carbide, silicon nitride is most preferable overall. Boron carbide is the lightest and exhibits impact resistance, but the raw material of boron carbide is expensive. On the other hand, silicon nitride is relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture. That is, the platelet 10 having a predetermined shape can be obtained simply by pressing and compacting the raw material granules, and sintering, and no special post-processing is required.

[Experiment 2]
When the impact-resistant member 5 was manufactured by the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 8A, it had moderate flexibility, and it was easy to adapt the whole to the human body shape. Moreover, the scaly arrangement did not collapse. On the other hand, when the platelet layer 60 was manufactured by a manufacturing method in which the adhesive 70 as shown in FIG. 7 was filled, it was hardly possible to bend, and if force was applied forcibly, the whole was folded near the center and became unusable. It was.

[Experiment 3]
The performance of the impact resistant member 5 was evaluated. FIG. 10 is a table showing the results of performance evaluation. The shock-resistant member 5, a single ceramic plate (Comparative Example 1) made of the same material as that used for the small plate 10 as the shock-resistant member 5, and a small plate having low hardness are arranged in the same manner as the shock-resistant member 5. The member (Comparative Example 2) was subjected to a ballistic resistance test under conditions based on Level III of the US NIJ standard. In the drawing, a layer corresponding to the platelet layer 60 is expressed as a base layer. Silicon nitride was used as the material for the small plate 10 and the single ceramic plate, and silicon carbide was used as the material for the small plate in Comparative Example 2. A single ceramic plate having the same thickness and material as the impact-resistant member 5 was bonded as the fiber layer 40 and the buffer layer 61. The dimension of the impact-resistant member 5 is 250 mm × 300 mm (direction perpendicular to the small plate row × small plate row direction, hereinafter the same), and the overlapping width of the small plates in the small plate row direction is 0.25 of the small plate radius R. Doubled. The number of small plates used was 76. Similarly, the size of the single plate was set to 250 mm × 300 mm.

  In FIG. 10, “◯” indicates that the bullet does not penetrate and the deformation is within the prescribed deformation amount, and the impact resistance is sufficient. “X” indicates that the bullet has penetrated. As shown in FIG. 10, the desired performance is exhibited at a thickness of 6 mm with a single plate alone, whereas the impact resistant member 5 has a thickness of 2.5 mm as well as a small plate 10 with a thickness of 3 mm. It can be seen that even the ones with the same performance as or better than that of a single plate are exhibited. If the thickness of the small plate 10 is 3 mm, the in-plane portions of the impact-resistant member 5 are substantially equal to the thickness of 6 mm, which is a natural result. On the other hand, when the thickness of the small plate 10 is 2.5 mm, the expected performance is exhibited even though the substantial thickness is 5 mm. In the impact-resistant member 5, each of the small plates 10 is arranged with a slight inclination from the horizontal, but it is considered that one of the reasons is that it is more advantageous for the impact to be slightly inclined rather than vertical. . Furthermore, it is also considered that the substantial distance at which the straight line in the bullet traveling direction intersects the small plate 10 is longer than 5 mm due to the above inclination.

As a result, when the weight was compared with the minimum thickness that was able to exhibit the expected performance, the impact resistant member 5 was 28.1 kg / m ² . In the case of using a single ceramic plate, the weight at the minimum thickness at which the desired performance could be exhibited was 12.7 kg / m ² . As described above, although the ceramic single plate is excellent in terms of weight reduction, it cannot be used to protect the human body because flexibility cannot be obtained.

On the other hand, referring to Comparative Example 2, the minimum thickness that could prevent bullet penetration was 4 mm, and the weight at the minimum thickness that was able to demonstrate the desired performance was 37.7 kg / m ² , increasing the weight. . Therefore, even if the arrangement is the same as that of the impact resistant member 5, it has been confirmed that the expected effect cannot be obtained unless the material is appropriately selected.

5 Impact Resistant Member 10 Small Plates L1, L2, L3, L4 Small Plate Rows 12, 13 Crossing Point 20 of Small Plates Radial Direction 21 Alignment Direction 40 Fiber Layer 60 Small Plate Layer 61 Buffer Layer 62 Film 63 Outer Cloth 70 Adhesion Agent 80 Bag 81 Vacuum pump 82 Dedicated rubber mold A Plate spreads in the plate row direction B Plate spreads in the direction perpendicular to the plate row P Projection of overlap R Plate radius S Equivalent area X Overlap degree θ Angle between the radial direction toward the intersection of the platelets and the direction of the platelet rows

Claims (10)

An impact-resistant member used to protect against impacts from high-speed flying objects,
With platelets arranged in a scale,
About the small plate row in the direction in which the adjacent small plates are in contact with each other among the arranged small plates, the small plate row in a positional relationship with each other covers the object to be protected without a gap. Impact resistant member. Each of the platelets has a main surface shape in which an inscribed circle has a certain size,
In any row of the platelet rows, the overlap formed by the principal surface inscribed circles of adjacent platelets has a principal surface inscribed circle that touches or intersects the projection in the plate thickness direction The impact resistant member according to claim 1, wherein the small plate is present in a small plate row that is separated from the arbitrary row.   The angle formed by the direction from the center of the principal plane inscribed circle of the specific platelet toward the closest intersection of the overlaps formed by the principal plane inscribed circles and the arrangement direction of the platelet rows is 75 ° or more and 105 °. The impact-resistant member according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the platelets has a main surface shape in which an inscribed circle has a certain size,
The ratio between the overlap width formed by the main surface inscribed circles of adjacent platelets in the platelet array and the radius of the platelets is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less. 4. The impact resistant member according to any one of 3 above. The platelet has a hardness greater than 1.1 times the Rockwell hardness HRC measured by echo chip hardness measurement of an aluminum oxide dense body having a porosity of 10% or less and a purity of 99% or more, and The impact-resistant member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the impact-resistant member is made of a ceramic or metal matrix composite material having a density of 3.5 × 10 ³ kg / m ³ or less.   6. The impact-resistant member according to claim 1, wherein the small plate is made of silicon nitride. A buffer layer made of a non-resilience material or a low-resilience material disposed on at least one side;
The impact-resistant member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the small plate is not processed to have a corner.   The impact-resistant member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an outer cloth adhered to the small plate by an adhesive by reduced pressure bonding.   A human body protective suit comprising the impact resistant member according to claim 1. A method of manufacturing an impact-resistant member used for protection against impact of high-speed flying objects,
For the small plate row in the direction in which the adjacent small plates are in contact with each other, the step of arranging the small plates in a scale shape so that the small plate rows in a positional relationship with each other cover the protection target without gaps;
Bonding fabric to both sides of the platelet layer formed by the arranged platelets;
Putting the platelet layer to which the cloth is bonded into a sealable bag;
And a step of evacuating the sealable bag.

Images