JP5368819B2 - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a compressor used in, for example, a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus, particularly as a refrigerant, a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, a hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, and a carbon in the composition. The present invention relates to a compressor using any one of a halogenated hydrocarbon having a double bond and a mixture containing at least one of hydrocarbons having a carbon double bond in the composition.

  In the field of car air conditioners, tetrafluoropropene (for example, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1-ene, hereinafter referred to as “HFO-1234yf (CF3CF = CH2)” as a low GWP (global warming potential) refrigerant. ) Is considered promising.

  In stationary air conditioners, there is currently no alternative to HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerants, but incombustible based on hydrocarbons or HFCs with carbon double bonds (for example, double A compound having a bond or a combination of bromine, iodine, oxygen, or the like) has been proposed.

  By the way, a hermetic compressor which contains a compressor for compressing a refrigerant of a hydrocarbon compound not containing chlorine and fluorine, an electric motor for driving the compressor, and refrigerating machine oil compatible with the refrigerant in a sealed container. The machine contains an internal mold release agent of 5 wt% or less, or is produced by applying a mold release agent to a mold during injection molding or extrusion molding, linear PPS resin, resol type phenol resin, fluorine It comprises an insulating structural member made of at least one selected from the group consisting of resin (PTFE, ETFE, FEP, PFA), PA resin, PI resin, PBT resin, and PET resin, and the hydrocarbon compound refrigerant is R170. (Ethane), R290 (propane), R600 (n-butane), R600a (I-butane), R1150 (ethylene), R1270 (propylene) A hermetic electric compressor composed of one or more refrigerants selected from a group has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). PPS resin is polyphenylene sulfide, PTFE is polytetrafluoroethylene, ETFE is ethylene fluoroethylene copolymer, FEP is fluoroethylenepropylene copolymer, PFA is perfluoroalkoxy fluororesin, PA resin is polyamide, PI resin is polyimide The PBT resin is polybutylene terephthalate, and the PET resin is polyethylene terephthalate.

  Also, in order to sufficiently suppress the impact on global warming by adapting the compressor to a low GWP refrigerant of GWP 150 or lower, the sliding member of the compression element is made of a material in which hard particles are dispersed in a soft base material. In addition, by providing an inclined layer on the surface layer portion of the sliding member to make the surface rich with a hard base material, the oil film forming ability is enhanced, and the GWP is 150 or less and R134a (1,1,1,2-tetra There has also been proposed a compressor capable of sufficiently suppressing the wear of the sliding member in a refrigerant atmosphere having a polarity higher than that of fluoroethane so as to obtain a compressor for a low GWP refrigerant. The refrigerant only needs to be higher in polarity than R134a and have a GWP of 150 or less, such as a non-combustible material based on HFC, such as a combination of a compound having a double bond, bromine, iodine, oxygen, or the like. It is good. It has also been proposed that at least one of the mixed refrigerants may include a refrigerant having a higher polarity than R134a (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2000-274360 A (FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2008-2368 (FIG. 1)

  A substance having a carbon double bond has a problem in stability, and has a possibility of decomposition and polymerization. Generally, polymerization conditions are high temperature, high pressure and catalyst.

  When a substance having a carbon double bond is used as a refrigerant and a sliding vane compressor is used as a compressor, for example, a high temperature is generated due to direct contact between metals in a vane sliding portion which is a sliding portion of the compression element. Therefore, there is a concern about decomposition and polymerization of a substance having a carbon double bond, and measures to suppress these are necessary.

  The technical problem of the present invention is to suppress the generation of a high temperature due to direct contact between metals and to suppress the decomposition and polymerization of a substance having a carbon double bond.

The compressor according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, a compression element that has a sliding member and compresses the refrigerant, and an electric element that drives the compression element. The refrigerant is a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, and a carbon in the composition. A hydrocarbon having a double bond, a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, or a mixture containing at least one of a hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition is used. In the compressor, at least one surface of the sliding contact portion of the sliding member of the compression element or the sliding contact portion of the mating member to which the sliding member slides is coated with a non-metallic film, and the coated sliding contact portion is in a state before coating, the roughness of the surface (Rz) is Rz = 1.0 or less, the hardness (HmV) is HmV = 2000~ 30 00.

  In the compressor according to the present invention, the surface of at least one of the sliding contact portion of the sliding member of the compression element or the sliding contact portion of the mating member with which the sliding member slides is made of a non-metal. Friction due to mutual direct contact is reduced, generation of high temperature can be suppressed, and the metal surface of the sliding contact portion is hardly activated. Therefore, as a refrigerant, a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, a hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, or a composition Even when any of the mixture containing at least one of hydrocarbons having a carbon double bond is used, decomposition and polymerization due to a chemical reaction of the refrigerant in the sliding portion are suppressed. In addition, the generation of sludge is suppressed, and it is possible to prevent a compressor failure and clogging in the refrigeration circuit and to obtain long-term reliability.

It is a longitudinal section showing the whole compressor composition to which the present invention is applied. It is AA arrow sectional drawing of FIG.

Embodiment 1. FIG.
The present invention will be described below with reference to illustrated embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an overall configuration of a compressor to which the present invention is applied, that is, a sliding vane compressor. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.

  The sliding vane compressor 200 of the present embodiment is a vertical type in which the inside of the sealed container 20 is high-pressure as shown in FIG. A compression element 101 is housed in the lower part of the sealed container 20. An electric element 102 for driving the compression element 101 is accommodated above the compression element 101 in the upper part of the sealed container 20. Refrigerating machine oil 30 for lubricating each sliding portion of the compression element 101 is stored at the bottom of the compression container 20.

  More specifically, the compression element 101 includes a cylinder 1, a rotor 2, a vane 3, a main bearing 4, a sub bearing 5, and a drive shaft 6.

  The cylinder 1 in which the compression chamber is formed has a ring shape with a cylinder chamber 1a which is a substantially circular space when viewed from the top as shown in FIG. Presents. The cylinder chamber 1a is open at both axial ends. The cylinder 1 has a predetermined axial height when viewed from the side as shown in FIG.

  The cylinder 1 is fixed with a bolt between the main bearing 4 and the sub bearing 5, and the cylinder chamber 1a is closed by the main bearing 4 and the sub bearing 5.

  The main bearing 4 includes a discharge valve (not shown). This discharge valve may be attached to either one or both of the main bearing 4 and the auxiliary bearing 5.

  The drive shaft 6 is slidably supported by the main bearing 4 and the sub bearing 5. A cylindrical rotor 2 is attached to the drive shaft 6. A vane groove 2a is formed in the rotor 2, and a vane 3 is slidably accommodated in the vane groove 2a. The vane 3 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1 a by the pressure of the back pressure chamber 2 b and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotor 2. The vane 3 rotates together with the rotor 2, and a suction chamber 10 and a compression chamber 11 are formed between the adjacent vanes 3. The suction chamber 10 communicates with a suction port 12 provided in the cylinder 1, and the compression chamber 11 communicates with a discharge valve (not shown) provided in the main bearing 4.

  A discharge muffler 7 is attached to the main bearing 4 on the outer side (electric element 102 side). The high-temperature and high-pressure discharge gas discharged from the discharge valve of the main bearing 4 once enters the discharge muffler 7 and is then discharged from the discharge muffler 7 into the sealed container 20. In some cases, a discharge muffler 7 may be provided on the auxiliary bearing 5 side.

  A suction muffler 21 is provided on the side of the sealed container 20 to suck in low-pressure refrigerant gas from the refrigeration cycle and prevent liquid refrigerant from being directly sucked into the cylinder chamber 1a of the cylinder 1 when the liquid refrigerant returns. It has been. The suction muffler 21 is connected to the suction port 12 of the cylinder 1 via the suction pipe 22. The main body of the suction muffler 21 is fixed to the side surface of the sealed container 20 by welding or the like.

Next, the configuration of the electric element 102 will be described.
The electric element 102 includes a stator 13 and a rotor 14. The stator 13 is fitted and fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the sealed container 20. The rotor 14 is disposed inside the stator 13 via a gap.

  A terminal (glass terminal) 24 connected to a power source as a power supply source is fixed to the sealed container 20 by welding. In the example of FIG. 1, a terminal 24 is provided on the upper surface of the sealed container 20. A lead wire 23 from the electric element 102 is connected to the terminal 24.

Next, the operation of the sliding vane compressor of this embodiment will be described.
When electric power is supplied from the terminal 24 and the lead wire 23 to the stator 13 of the electric element 102, the rotor 14 rotates. Then, the drive shaft 6 fixed to the rotor 14 rotates, and accordingly, the rotor 2 rotates in the cylinder chamber 1a of the cylinder 1. The vane 3 protrudes from the vane groove 2a by the centrifugal force due to this rotation and the pressure in the back pressure chamber 2b, and the tip 3a rotates with the rotor 2 while being in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1a. As the rotor 2 rotates, the refrigerant is sucked into the suction chamber 10 from the suction port 12, and then compressed in the compression chamber 11 and discharged into the sealed container 20 through the discharge valve and the discharge muffler 7. Further, the refrigerant passes through the electric element 102 and is discharged out of the sealed container 20 through the discharge pipe 25 on the upper surface of the sealed container 20.

When the sliding vane compressor 200 performs the above operation, there are a plurality of sliding portions where the members slide with each other as shown below.
(A) First sliding part: inner peripheral surface of cylinder chamber 1a and tip 3a of vane 3
(B) Second sliding portion: vane groove 2a of rotor 2 and side surface portions (both side surfaces) 3b of vane 3
(C) Third sliding part: inner peripheral surface of main bearing 4 and main shaft part 6a of drive shaft 6
(D) Fourth sliding portion: the inner peripheral surface of the auxiliary bearing 5 and the auxiliary shaft portion 6b of the drive shaft 6

  That is, the members provided in the compression element 101 and constituting the sliding portion are the cylinder 1, the rotor 2, the vane 3, the main bearing 4, the auxiliary bearing 5, and the drive shaft 6.

  First, a carbon-based DLC-Si (silicon-containing diamond-like carbon) coating (an example of a nonmetal) is applied to the surface of the vane 3 at the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1a which is the first sliding portion and the tip 3a of the vane 3. ). For this reason, the sliding between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1a and the tip 3a of the vane 3 can avoid direct contact between metals, is not likely to be in a high temperature condition, and the metal surface is not easily activated. Therefore, the decomposition and polymerization of the refrigerant can be suppressed.

  The DLC-Si coating is amorphous carbon containing silicon, the surface layer hardness (HmV) is HmV = 2000-2500, and the film thickness t is about t = 3 μm.

The members constituting the sliding portion that is the base material to be coated, that is, the cylinder 1, the rotor 2, the vane 3, the main bearing 4, the auxiliary bearing 5, or the drive shaft 6 are improved in the sliding characteristics after coating. From the viewpoint, the surface roughness (Rz) is Rz = 1.0 or less, and the hardness (HmV) is HmV = 2000 to 3000.

  The DLC-Si coating is applied to the surface of the vane 3 in the vane groove 2a of the rotor 2 which is the second sliding portion and the side surface portions (both side surfaces) 3b of the vane 3, so Contact can be avoided, high temperature conditions are unlikely, and the metal surface is not easily activated, so that decomposition and polymerization of the refrigerant can be suppressed.

  In the inner peripheral surface of the main bearing 4 that is the third sliding portion and the main shaft portion 6 a of the drive shaft 6, and the inner peripheral surface of the auxiliary bearing 5 that is the fourth sliding portion and the auxiliary shaft portion 6 b of the drive shaft 6. However, by forming a manganese phosphate film on the surface of the drive shaft 6, direct contact between metals can be avoided. This makes it difficult for high temperature conditions to occur and also makes it difficult for the metal surface to be activated, so that decomposition and polymerization of the refrigerant can be suppressed. A manganese phosphate coating may be formed on the peripheral surface of the drive shaft 6 that is not in contact with the main bearing 4 and the auxiliary bearing 5.

  By configuring as described above, in all sliding portions in the sliding vane compressor 200, direct contact between metals is prevented, and the iron-based material used as a component of the compression element 101 is in composition. It can be prevented that it acts as a catalyst for polymerization or decomposition of a refrigerant having a carbon double bond. For this reason, it becomes difficult to generate sludge, the failure of the sliding vane compressor 200 and the clogging in the refrigeration circuit are suppressed, and long-term reliability can be obtained.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment described above, all of the four sliding portions avoid contact with each other, so that the iron system against polymerization and decomposition of a refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition. Although the present invention has been described by taking as an example an example in which the catalytic effect of the material is also suppressed, the present invention is not limited to this, and the surface of a part of the sliding contact portion or at least one of the sliding contact portions is non-metallic. With this configuration, the same actions and effects as those of the first embodiment can be expected. Here, Embodiment 2 relating to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber, which is the first sliding portion, and the tip of the vane will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 described above.

  In the first embodiment described above, the example in which the tip 3a of the vane 3 is coated with DLC-Si (silicon-containing diamond-like carbon) has been described. However, as a material for the coating applied to the vane 3, DLC (diamond-like carbon) is also used. ), CrN (chromium nitride), TiN (titanium nitride), TiCN (titanium carbonitride), TiAlN (titanium nitride aluminum), WC (tungsten carbide), VC (vanadium carbide) and the like can be used. Also in this case, since the metal is not exposed on the sliding surface of the tip 3a of the vane 3, in these coatings, as in the first embodiment, the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition is decomposed or polymerized. The effect of suppressing is acquired.

Further, in the vane 3, the metal surface may be covered with a non-metallic coating as described above, but the vane 3 itself may be made of a ceramic material, for example. Materials include SiC (silicon carbide), ZrO ₂ (zirconium dioxide), Al ₂ O ₃ (aluminum oxide), Si ₃ N ₄ (silicon nitride), etc. By using these, the sliding surface of the vane 3 Since the metal is not exposed to the metal, the catalytic effect of the iron-based material on the polymerization and decomposition of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition can be suppressed as in the first embodiment.

  In this way, by preventing the metal surface from being exposed on the surface of the vane 3, the decomposition and polymerization of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition is suppressed, and the catalytic effect of the iron-based material on the polymerization and decomposition of the refrigerant. However, this method can also be applied to the mating member with which the vane 3 is slidably contacted, here, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1a. That is, the surface including the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1a is coated with DLC-Si, DLC, CrN, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, WC, VC or the like. Thereby, since the metal is not exposed on the sliding surface of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 1a, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above, that is, the decomposition of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond and the suppression of the polymerization are suppressed. It becomes possible.

In the cylinder 1 as well, the cylinder 1 itself may be made of a ceramic material other than the method of covering the metal surface with a non-metallic coating as described above. As materials, SiC, ZrO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , Si ₃ N _4, etc. can be applied. By using these, the metal is not exposed on the sliding surface of the cylinder chamber 1 a, so that it is the same as in the first embodiment. In addition, the catalytic effect of the iron-based material on the polymerization and decomposition of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition can also be suppressed.

Embodiment 3. FIG.
Here, Embodiment 3 according to the vane groove of the rotor which is the second sliding portion and the side surface portion of the vane will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 described above.

By applying the coating of DLC, CrN, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, WC, VC, etc. to the side surface (both sides) 3b of the vane 3 described above, the sliding surface of the vane 3 is also applied to the second sliding portion. It is possible to prevent the metal from being exposed to the side surface portions (both side surfaces) 3b. For this reason, the effect which suppresses decomposition | disassembly and superposition | polymerization of the refrigerant | coolant which has a carbon double bond in a composition like the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 is acquired. Further, by using a material such as SiC, ZrO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , or Si ₃ N _{4 as} the material of the vane 3, the metal is exposed on the sliding surface of the vane 3 even in the second sliding portion. As in the first embodiment, the catalytic effect of the iron-based material on the polymerization and decomposition of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition can also be suppressed.

  In this way, by preventing the metal surface from being exposed on the surface of the vane 3, the decomposition and polymerization of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition is suppressed, and the catalytic effect of the iron-based material on the polymerization and decomposition of the refrigerant. However, this method can also be applied to the mating member with which the vane 3 is in sliding contact, here, the vane groove 2 a of the rotor 2. That is, the surface including the vane groove 2a of the rotor 2 is coated with DLC-Si, DLC, CrN, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, WC, VC, or the like. Thereby, since the metal is not exposed on the sliding surface of the vane groove 2a of the rotor 2, the same effect as that of the first embodiment, that is, the decomposition of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition and the suppression of the polymerization are possible. It becomes.

In the rotor 2 as well, the rotor 2 itself may be made of a ceramic material in addition to the method of covering the metal surface with a non-metallic coating as described above. As materials, SiC, ZrO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , Si ₃ N _4, etc. can be applied. By using these, the metal is not exposed on the sliding surface of the rotor 2. The catalytic effect of the iron-based material on the polymerization and decomposition of the refrigerant having a carbon double bond in the composition can also be suppressed.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the single-cylinder sliding vane compressor 200 has been described as an example, but a multi-cylinder sliding vane compressor or other sealed container includes a compression element and an electric element. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to, for example, a scroll compressor.

  1 cylinder (mating member), 2 rotor (mating member), 2a vane groove (sliding contact part of the mating member), 3 vane (sliding member), 3a tip of the vane (sliding contact part of the sliding member), 3b vane Both side surfaces (sliding contact portion of sliding member), 101 compression element, 102 electric element, 200 sliding vane compressor (compressor).

Claims (4)

A compression element that has a sliding member and compresses the refrigerant; and an electric element that drives the compression element. The refrigerant includes a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, and a carbon in the composition. A hydrocarbon having a double bond, a halogenated hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition, or a mixture containing at least one of a hydrocarbon having a carbon double bond in the composition is used. In the compressor,
The surface of at least one of the sliding contact portion of the sliding member of the compression element or the sliding contact portion of the mating member with which the sliding member is in sliding contact is coated with a non-metallic film,
The coated sliding contact portion has a surface roughness (Rz) of Rz = 1.0 or less and a hardness (HmV) of HmV = 2000 to 3000 in a state before coating. The coating is composed of DLC (diamond-like carbon), DLC-Si (silicon-containing diamond-like carbon), CrN (chromium nitride), TiN (titanium nitride), TiCN (titanium carbonitride), TiAlN (titanium nitride aluminum), WC ( tungsten carbide), VC (vanadium carbide), compressor according to claim 1 Symbol mounting characterized by comprising either a. The compression element includes a cylinder, a rotor that rotates in the chamber of the cylinder, and is housed in a vane groove of the rotor, and is in sliding contact with an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder by centrifugal force and back pressure due to rotation of the rotor. A vane sliding in the vane groove,
The sliding member is the vane, and the mating member with which the sliding member contacts is the cylinder, and the sliding contact portions are a vane tip surface and a cylinder inner peripheral surface. The compressor according to claim 1 or 2 . The compression element includes a cylinder, a rotor that rotates in the chamber of the cylinder, and is housed in a vane groove of the rotor, and is in sliding contact with an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder by centrifugal force and back pressure due to rotation of the rotor. A vane sliding in the vane groove,
The sliding member is the vane, and the mating member with which the sliding member is slidably contacted is the rotor, and these slidable contact portions are vane side surfaces and vane groove inner surface. The compressor according to claim 1 or 2 .

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