JP5288209B2 - 幹細胞の内胚葉細胞および膵臓系列細胞への分化方法 - Google Patents
幹細胞の内胚葉細胞および膵臓系列細胞への分化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2006年5月2日に出願された米国仮出願第60/796,662号に基づく優先権を主張する。前記出願は、参照によりその全体が本願に組み込まれる。
本開示は、NIH DK042502の資金提供による連邦政府の支援を受けて行われた。アメリカ合衆国は本開示に一定の権利を有する。
I型糖尿病は、膵島β細胞の破壊により引き起こされるヒトの自己免疫疾患である。現在のところこの疾患は不可逆的であるが、その症状は外因性インスリンの投与により制御される。I型糖尿病はヒト集団において最もよく見られる自己免疫疾患の1つであり、ヒトの主な健康関心事の1つである。
beta cells. Diabetologia 47, 499-508 (2004))、培地中に存在するインスリンが特定の条件下in vitroで他の細胞型に取り込まれることができるため(Rajagopal, J. et al.,
Insulin staining of ES cell progeny from insulin uptake. Science 299, 363 (2003))、hESC由来のインスリン染色細胞の内胚葉および膵臓起源を確認することが重要である。
本発明は、広く、ヒト多能性幹細胞の内胚葉細胞および膵臓系列細胞への直接in vitro分化のための新規方法として要約される。本方法は、骨形成タンパク質の有効量を用いて幹細胞を培養し、中内胚葉(mesendoderm)の方向に分化を誘導することを含む。これらの中内胚葉細胞はさらに培養されて胚様体(EB)を形成し、この胚様体は明確にされた条件下で膵臓系列細胞に最終分化する。ヒト多能性幹細胞からの膵島分化を促進する明確にされた成分を用いることにより、本発明の方法は、研究または治療用途のための膵臓細胞型の大規模産生を可能にする簡単で再現性のある培養プロトコルを提供する。
本発明は、広く、哺乳動物の多能性幹細胞の膵臓系列細胞への直接in vitro分化のための新規方法に関する。本方法は、有効量の骨形成タンパク質の存在下で幹細胞を培養して、中内胚葉の方向に分化を誘導することを含む。これらの中内胚葉細胞はさらに培養されて、最終的な内胚葉(definitive endoderm)に分化方向を決定された細胞が富化した胚様体(EB)を形成し、これは明確にされた条件下で膵臓系列細胞に最終分化する。膵島分化を促進する明確にされた培地成分を用いることにより、本明細書に記載の方法は、研究または治療用途のための膵臓細胞型の大規模産生を可能にする簡単で再現性のあるアプローチを提供する。
of feeder layers. Stem Cells 23, 489-495 (2005))。膵臓分化を評価する他のhESC研究は、インスリン染色細胞の起源に関して結論に達しないかまたは明確にされない条件でin vivo増殖期間を必要とするもの(Brolen, G.K. et al., (2005))であった。
al., (2005)参照)。
実施例1
細胞培養および分化
図1に、一般的分化方法を単純化して示す。NIH認可hESC株であるH1(WA01)およびH9(WA09)を継代24〜40で用いた。未分化ESC培地は、1mM L-グルタミン、1%非必須アミノ酸、0.1mM2-メルカプトエタノールおよび4ng/ml bFGF(すべてInvitrogenから入手)を添加した、80%DMEM/F12および20%ノックアウト血清代替添加物(Knockout serum replacement)からなった。6ウェルプレート内の照射したマウス胎児繊維芽細胞(MEF)からなるフィーダー層上で、ESC培地(対照群)、ESC培地+50ng/ml BMP4(BMP4群;R&D systems)またはESC培地+50ng/ml BMP4+300ng/ml noggin(noggin群;R&D systems)のいずれかでhESCを4日間培養した。
定量PCRおよびRT-PCR
全細胞RNAをTriZol(Invitrogen)で抽出した。SuperScript First-Strand Synthesisキット(Invitrogen)を用い、1μgの全RNAからcDNAを合成した。ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems)によりAssay-on-demand試薬(Applied Biosystems)を用いて、以下の転写産物:foxa2、sox17、brachyury、ngn3、pdx1、インスリン、グルカゴン、glut2および内部対照であるβ-アクチンを用いて定量リアルタイムRT-PCR(Q-PCR)を行った。Q-PCRは、装置製造業者の使用説明書に従って行った。相対定量は、供給業者の推奨するcomparative cycle threshold(CT)法を用いて行った。倍率変化は、2-ΔΔCTとして算出した。Q-PCR分析からの平均ΔΔCT値を不対両側スチューデントt検定を用いて比較した。p値<0.05を有意と見なした。
免疫蛍光染色
カバースリップの免疫蛍光染色を既述のように行った(Kahan, B.W. et al., Pancreatic precursors and differentiated islet cell types from murine embryonic stem cells: an in vitro model to study islet differentiation. Diabetes 52, 2016-2024 (2003))。以下の一次抗体を記載されている希釈度で用いた:PDX1ウサギ抗マウス血清抗体1:4000(C. Wrightの提供);インスリンマウスモノクローナル抗体10μg/ml(ATCC番号:HB124);グルカゴンマウスモノクローナル抗体1:2000(Sigma);ソマトスタチンマウスモノクローナル抗体1:2000(Novonordisk);Ki-67マウスモノクローナル抗体1:25(BD Pharmingen);Cペプチドラットモノクローナル抗体1:3000(BCBC1921);Brachyuryヤギ抗ヒト抗体1:20(R&D);OCT4ヤギ抗マウス抗体1:100(Santa Cruz);Sox17ヤギ抗ヒト抗体1:40(R&D);FOXA2ウサギ抗ラット抗体1:4000(R.Costaの提供)。二次抗体(Alexa Fluor488標識ヤギ抗マウスlgG抗体、1:2000;Alexa Fluor568標識ヤギ抗ウサギ抗体、1:4000;Alexa Fluor488標識ヤギ抗ラット抗体、1:2000;Alexa Fluor647標識ヤギ抗ウサギ抗体、1:4000;568標識ヤギ抗マウス抗体、1:2000;Alexa Fluor568標識ロバ抗ヤギ抗体、1:2000;Alexa Fluor488標識ロバ抗マウス抗体、1:2000)は、Molecular probes(Eugene, OR)から入手した。
hESCをMEF上でBMP4を用いて処理することによる中内胚葉誘導
図1に全般的に示されるように、hESC分化プロセスはMEF上でhESCをBMP4を用いて処理することにより開始された。特に、事前研究において、マトリゲル(登録商標)上で100ng/ml
BMP4を用いて7日間hESCを処理することにより、ほぼ100%の細胞がヒト胎盤性性腺刺激ホルモン(hCG)発現トロホブラスト細胞に分化することが示された(Xu, R.H. et al. BMP4 initiates human embryonic stem cell differentiation to trophoblast. Nature Biotechnology. 20, 1261-1264 (2002))。
BMP4を用いて4日間処理した。この処理は細胞を形態的に変化させた。この処理をしない細胞は均一な外観を維持していたが、処理した細胞は不均一となり、明確にそれらの形態が変化した(図3a〜b)。BMP4処理により、一部の細胞においてBrachyury+細胞への分化がもたらされ、それらには同じ細胞クラスター中に比較的少ないFoxA2+細胞が混在している(図3c〜e)。出願人は、BMP4処理培養物中に、15mmカバースリップあたり平均10のこのようなクラスターを見いだしたが、未処理のhESCにおいてはこのようなクラスターは検出されなかった。Brachyury+細胞はまた少なくとも一過性にOCT4+でもある(図3i〜k)。その一方、FoxA2+細胞はOCT4+ではなく(図3l〜n)、ほぼ全部のFoxA2+細胞はSox17と同時に染色される(図3f〜h)。
in vitroでhESCからの初期膵臓細胞系列分化のためのいくつかのさらなる必須成分が明らかにされる。
in vitroでhESCから膵臓細胞の発生を促進する培養条件および培地添加剤をさらに明らかにするために、BMP4処理期間中のMEFの必要条件を出願人は評価した。マトリゲル(登録商標)上で増殖させたBMP4処理細胞において、brachyury、foxa2、pdx1およびglut2を含む試験した遺伝子に関して転写産物はなにも検出されなかったが(図4c)、MEFにおいて増殖させたBMP4処理細胞においてはそれらの遺伝子は容易に検出された。加えて、MEFまたはマトリゲル(登録商標)上で増殖させた細胞由来のhEBは、形態的に異なっていた(図4d〜g)。マトリゲル(登録商標)上で増殖させた細胞は、MEFの存在下で増殖させたBMP4処理細胞由来のEBよりも、より小さく、より小型でより不透明なEBを生じた。従って、本プロトコルにおいて、MEFは膵臓系列特異化に重要な役割を果たしている。
Biotechnol. 24, 185-187 (2006) and Levenstein, M.E., et al., Basic FGF Support of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Stem Cells (2005))、培養プロトコルにおいて、MEFをbFGFに置き換えることができないかどうかを出願人は試験した。これを決定するために、hESCに50ng/ml BMP4および100ng/ml bFGFを添加し、マトリゲル(登録商標)上で4日間増殖させ;ついで細胞を採取して遺伝子発現解析を行った。未処理hESCと比較して、BMP4およびbFGF処理hESCにおいて、brachyury遺伝子発現は〜1000倍高かった。BMP4およびbFGF処理細胞由来のEBは、MEF上で増殖させBMP4で処理したhESCからのEBに対して、同様な形態ならびに似たレベルのbrachyury、foxa2、pdx1およびglut2遺伝子発現を示したが(図4cおよび4e、4g)、このことは、bFGFが内胚葉特異化および/または膵臓系列細胞分化において初期の重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆している。
BMP4処理hESCの胚様体(EB)浮遊培養は内胚葉および膵臓系列細胞分化を促進する。
ニワトリ胚における膵臓特異化におけるBMP4の明確にされた役割に基づいて、出願人は、BMP4処理がhESCからの中内胚葉および膵臓細胞の分化を促進するかどうかを決定することに目標を定めた。従って、未処理hESCまたは、50ng/ml BMP4で4日間処理したhESCからEBを形成させた。初期胚葉中3次元で生じる組織相互作用により誘導が生じるEB期中の分化は、2次元条件下の分化と比較して膵臓系列細胞の発生に影響を積極的に及ぼすことを、出願人の以前の実験は示した(Xu et al., Endoderm and pancreatic lineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cells, Cloning and Stem Cells, 8, 96-107, (2006)))。
ヒトESCはPDX1/インスリン/Cペプチド同時染色を示す細胞を生じる。
BMP4処理hESCが完全に分化したホルモン含有膵島細胞になる能力を有するかどうかを決定するために、出願人は無血清ITSFNE培地中のゼラチンコーティングされたカバースリップ上に14日目のEBをプレーティングし、さらに14、21および28日おいた。この時間的経過にわたる転写プロフィールをRT-PCR(図6)およびQ-PCRにより測定した。プレーティング後(EB14+14、EB14+21およびEB14+28)、BMP4処理細胞において、未処理細胞と比較して、foxa2、pdx1、ngn3、インスリン、グルカゴンおよびglut2を含む内胚葉および膵臓関連遺伝子転写産物が顕著に増加した。Q-PCRデータは、foxa2(未処理EB14と比較して、時間的経過EB14+14、EB14+21およびEB14+28にわたって、それぞれ18、21および37倍の増加)、pdx1(179、155および541倍の増加)およびglut2(47、97および224倍の増加)の転写産物レベルの増加を示した。重要なことには、未処理EB14細胞においてはインスリンおよびグルカゴン転写産物は検出されなかった。
EpCAMに基づくMACSソーティングは、内胚葉および膵臓に分化方向を決定された細胞の培養物をさらに富化した
BMP4/bFGF処理培養物がEpCAMおよびPDX1に対して染色されるとき、両方のマーカーを同時に発現する細胞を含有する多数の細胞クラスターが観察されることを出願者は検出した(図10a)。この検出により、EpCAM発現およびMACSソーティングに基づく、PDX1+細胞を選択的に選択する機会が提供された。この仮説を試験するために、BMP4/bFGF処理プロトコルによって分化した細胞を抗EpCAM抗体で標識し、ついで適切な二次抗体を用いて標識し、ついでソーティングする。分化したhESCの子孫のEpCAM+ソーティング後に、pdx1およびEpCAMのレベルと同様にsox17およびfoxa2の転写産物レベルは増加する(図10b)。この点に関して、EpCAMのMACSソーティングは、分化したESC培養物を富化または精製して、非選択的培養条件の結果として現れる非内胚葉細胞を除去するために使用できる。EpCAMのソーティングは、〜95%の細胞がEpCAM+である集団をもたらす(図7c)。2以上の種類の組み合わせ(EpCAMに基づく選択およびSSEA3または4+細胞の除去)により、内胚葉/膵臓前駆細胞の培養物をさらに富化し、同時に培養物から未分化の奇形腫形成細胞を除去することになると仮定する。
Claims (13)
- 膵臓系列細胞を産生するためのヒト多能性幹細胞の培養方法であって、
(a)中内胚葉の方向に分化を誘導する条件下で幹細胞を培養し、ここで条件は、10ng/ml〜100ng/mlのBMP4及び20ng/ml〜200ng/mlのbFGF又はMEFの存在を含み;
(b)無傷の胚様体(EB)の形成に適した条件下、MEF馴化培地中でステップ(a)からの細胞を培養し、ここでEBは内臓卵黄嚢の層で囲まれ;
(c)膵臓系列への細胞の最終分化に適した条件下、インスリン、トランスフェリン、セレン、FGF7、ニコチンアミドおよびエキセンディン-4を含有する無血清培地中でステップ(b)のEBからの細胞を培養するステップ
を含む前記方法。 - BMP4の有効量が50ng/mlである、請求項1記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の幹細胞が、中内胚葉の方向に分化を誘導する線維芽細胞増殖因子の有効量の存在下でも培養される、請求項1記載の方法。
- bFGFの有効量が100ng/mlである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 上皮細胞接着マーカー(EpCAM)を陽性発現して腫瘍形成性の低下を示す膵臓系列細胞を保持するステップ(c)の細胞を選択するステップ(d)をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 選択が磁気活性化細胞分離により行われる、請求項5記載の方法。
- 中内胚葉細胞がOct4およびBrachyury(T)を発現する、請求項1記載の方法。
- EBが、Foxa2+、Sox17+およびPDX1+細胞を含む、導管様構造物を有する最終的な内胚葉細胞を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 最終分化細胞がインスリン、CペプチドおよびPDX1を同時に発現する、請求項1記載の方法。
- ヒト多能性幹細胞由来の培養物を内胚葉および膵臓系列細胞のために遂次的に富化させる方法であって、
(a)中内胚葉の方向に分化を誘導する条件下で幹細胞を培養し、ここで条件は、10ng/ml〜100ng/mlのBMP4及び20ng/ml〜200ng/mlのbFGF又はMEFの存在を含み;
(b)無傷の胚様体(EB)の形成に適した条件下、MEF馴化培地中でステップ(a)からの細胞を培養し、ここでEBは内臓卵黄嚢の層で囲まれ;
(c)膵臓系列への細胞の最終分化に適した条件下、インスリン、トランスフェリン、セレン、FGF7、ニコチンアミドおよびエキセンディン-4を含有する無血清培地中でステップ(b)のEBからの細胞を培養するステップを含む前記方法。 - 上皮細胞接着分子(EpCAM)を陽性発現して腫瘍形成性の低下を示す膵臓系列細胞を保持するステップ(c)の細胞を選択するステップ(d)をさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 選択が磁気活性化細胞分離により行われる、請求項11記載の方法。
- 腫瘍形成能力を有さない膵臓系列の細胞集団を作製するためのヒト多能性幹細胞の培養方法であって、
(a)中内胚葉の方向に分化を誘導する条件下で幹細胞を培養し、ここで条件は、10ng/ml〜100ng/mlのBMP4及び20ng/ml〜200ng/mlのbFGF又はMEFの存在を含み;
(b)無傷の胚様体(EB)の形成に適した条件下、MEF馴化培地中でステップ(a)からの細胞を培養し、ここでEBは内臓卵黄嚢の層で囲まれ;
(c)膵臓系列への細胞の最終分化に適した条件下、インスリン、トランスフェリン、セレン、FGF7、ニコチンアミドおよびエキセンディン-4を含有する無血清培地中でステップ(b)のEBからの細胞を培養し;
(d)特定の分化系列の決定を示す細胞表面マーカーの発現に対して選択し、ここでマーカーはEpCAMであり、得られた細胞培養物は免疫不全マウスに注射するとき奇形腫を形成しない
ステップを含む前記方法。
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US20240158740A1 (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2024-05-16 | National University Corporation Tokyo Medical And Dental University | Cell cluster production method |
CN115011544B (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-11-17 | 广州国家实验室 | 体外诱导获得胰岛δ细胞的方法及其应用 |
CN116218766A (zh) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-06-06 | 北京意胜生物科技有限公司 | 一种制备胰腺前体细胞的方法、培养基及其应用 |
GB202308408D0 (en) | 2023-06-06 | 2023-07-19 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd | Stem cells based three-dimensional embryo model |
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US7985585B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2011-07-26 | Viacyte, Inc. | Preprimitive streak and mesendoderm cells |
US7541185B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2009-06-02 | Cythera, Inc. | Methods for identifying factors for differentiating definitive endoderm |
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US8741643B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2014-06-03 | Lifescan, Inc. | Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to definitive endoderm lineage |
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