CN102257132B - 用于在平面基底上进行细胞附着和培养的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及使多能干细胞在缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层的平面基底上生长、扩增和分化的方法。
Description
本发明要求于2008年11月20日提交的序列号为61/116,452的专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及使多能干细胞在缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层的平面基底上生长、扩增和分化的方法。
背景技术
哺乳动物细胞培养是生命与健康科学中许多方法之一。涉及贴壁依赖性细胞的哺乳动物细胞培养和分析用容器通常由玻璃或聚合物(例如聚苯乙烯)制成,其经常需要额外的表面处理以使得细胞能贴附至容器表面。这样的处理可包括在表面施加吸附层,例如,通过吸附、接枝或等离子体聚合技术施加。作为另外一种选择,表面处理可借助于容器表面自身的化学改性,其可通过(例如)大气华、射频真空等离子体、直流辉光放电和微波等离子体处理等实现。
目前培养多能干细胞、尤其是胚胎干(ES)细胞的方法要求复杂的培养条件,例如,在具有饲养细胞层的固体基底表面上或在具有胞外基质蛋白的吸附层的固体基底表面上培养胚胎干细胞。采用这些方法的培养体系通常使用饲养细胞或胞外基质蛋白,这些饲养细胞或胞外基质蛋白取自与培养中的干细胞的物种不同的物种(异种材料)。可将通过暴露于饲养细胞获得的培养基(即经未分化的ES细胞之外的细胞调理过的培养基)用于培养ES细胞,并且可在培养基中补充动物血清。
例如,Reubinoff等人(Nature Biotechnol.18:399-404,2000)和Thompson等人(Science 282:1145-1147,1998)公开了用小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养细胞层来培养取自人胚泡的ES细胞系。
又如,Xu等人(Nature Biotechnology 19:971-974,2001)公开了使用MATRIGEL和层粘连蛋白处理固体基底表面,然后在不发生分化的情况下对人ES细胞进行无饲养细胞培养。又如,Vallier等人(J.Cell Sci.118:4495-4509,2005)公开了使用胎牛血清处理固体基底表面,然后在无分化的情况下对人ES细胞培养进行无饲养细胞培养。
又如,WO2005014799公开了一种用于哺乳动物细胞的维持、增殖和分化的调理过的培养基。WO2005014799声称“通过鼠细胞、尤其是那些分化的和永生化的转基因肝细胞(称为MMH(Met鼠肝细胞))的细胞分泌活性调理根据本发明制备的培养基”。
又如,Wanatabe等人(Nature Biotechnol.35:681-686,2007)声称“ROCK抑制剂使得分离的人胚胎干细胞能成活”,并且证实减少了解离诱导的细胞凋亡,增加了克隆效率(从大约1%增加到大约27%)和基因转移后的亚克隆的便捷性,该方法使用小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞作为饲养细胞,使用胶原和MATRIGEL作为胞外基质蛋白,使用Y-27632或法舒地尔(Fasudil)抑制ROCK。此外,用Y-27632处理过的解离的人ES细胞可避免在无血清悬浮培养中发生凋亡。
又如,Peerani等人(EMBO Journal 26:4744-4755,2007)描述“人胚胎干细胞(hESC)培养物中的空间组织的复杂性产生影响hESC命运的异质微环境(小生境(niche))。本研究证实可通过改造hESC小生境特性来控制hESC的分化速率和分化轨迹。小生境的大小和组成可调节分化诱导因子和抑制因子之间的平衡。从机制上来讲,Smad1信号传导的小生境大小依赖空间梯度是由于hESC和hESC来源的胚外内胚层(ExE)之间的拮抗相互作用产生。这些相互作用由骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)的ExE定位分泌及其拮抗剂生长分化因子3(GDF3)的hESC定位分泌介导。对用GDF3、BMP2和Smad1的小干扰RNA(siRNA)以及Rho相关激酶(ROCK)抑制剂处理过的hESC进行微图型化证明,对Smad1激活的独立控制可挽救hESC的集落大小依赖性分化。我们的结果首次阐明了Smad1在空间信息的空间整合和hESC自我更新和分化的小生境大小依赖性控制中的作用”。
又如,Koyanagi,M等人(J Neurosci Res.200年2月1日;86(2):270-80)声称“Rho-GTP酶涉及许多细胞类型(包括神经元)的细胞凋亡,但是其作用机理未被充分理解。”在此,我们研究了Rho和ROCK在胚胎干细胞来源的神经元前体细胞移植期间发生的细胞凋亡中的作用。我们发现神经元前体细胞的离解可激活Rho并诱导细胞凋亡。用Rho抑制剂C3胞外酶和/或ROCK抑制剂Y-27632进行处理可将解离诱导的细胞凋亡(失巢凋亡)降低20%-30%的量。细胞膜起泡(细胞凋亡的早期形态标志);半胱天冬酶-3的裂解和细胞色素c从线粒体释放也由于ROCK抑制而减少。这些结果表明神经元前体细胞的离解可引起细胞死亡的内源性通路,其至少部分地由Rho/ROCK通路介导。此外,在动物移植模型中,Rho和/或ROCK的抑制可减少移植细胞的急性细胞凋亡。移植后,肿瘤坏死因子α和神经生长因子前体在移植物周围高度表达。ROCK抑制也可减少由这些炎性细胞因子促进的细胞凋亡。合在一起,这些结果表明Rho/ROCK信号传导的抑制可改善细胞替代疗法中移植细胞的存活。
使用异种材料可能不适用于采用多能干细胞的某些应用。可使用替代材料。例如,Stojkovic等人(Stem Cells 23:895-902,2005)公开了使用人血清处理固体基底表面,然后在不发生分化的情况下对人ES细胞进行无饲养细胞培养。
一种可供选择的培养系统采用补充有能促进胚胎干细胞增殖的生长因子的无血清培养基。
例如,Cheon等人(BioReprod DOI:10.1095/biolreprod.105.046870;2005年10月19日)公开了一种无饲养细胞、无血清的培养体系,其中ES细胞维持于补充有能够引发ES细胞自我更新的不同生长因子的未经调理的血清置换培养基中。
又如,Levenstein等人(Stem Cells 24:568-574,2006)公开了用于在不含成纤维细胞或调理培养基的情况下使用补充有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)的培养基长期培养人ES细胞的方法。
又如,US20050148070公开了在无血清、无成纤维细胞饲养的已知成分的培养基中培养人ES细胞的方法,该方法包括:在含有白蛋白、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、至少一种转铁蛋白或转铁蛋白替代物、至少一种胰岛素或胰岛素替代物的培养基中培养干细胞,所述培养基基本上不含哺乳动物胎儿血清,并含有至少约100ng/ml的能够激活FGF信号传导受体的FGF,其中所述生长因子由来自除了单独的成纤维细胞饲养层之外的来源提供,所述培养基支持在无饲养细胞或调理培养基的情况下干细胞以不分化的状态增殖。
又如,US20050233446公开了一种可用于培养干细胞的已知成分的培养基,所述干细胞包括未分化的灵长类原始干细胞。在溶液中,该培养基与被培养的干细胞基本上等渗。在给定培养物中,具体的培养基包含基础培养基以及各一定量的碱性FGF、胰岛素和抗坏血酸,这些成分对于支持原始干细胞的基本上未分化的生长是必需的。
又如,US6800480声称“在一个实施例中,提供了用于以基本上未分化状态培养灵长类来源的原始干细胞的细胞培养基,其包括低渗透压、低内毒素基础培养基,所述培养基可有效支持灵长类来源的原始干细胞的生长。该基础培养基与可有效支持源于灵长类的原始干细胞生长的营养血清和选自饲养细胞和衍生自饲养细胞的胞外基质组分的基质相混合。该培养基还包括非必需氨基酸、抗氧化剂和选自核苷和丙酮酸盐的第一生长因子”。
又如,US20050244962声称:“在一个方面,本发明提供了培养灵长类胚胎干细胞的方法。可在基本上无哺乳动物胎儿血清(优选还基本上无任何动物血清)的培养物中且在存在成纤维细胞生长因子的情况下培养所述干细胞,该成纤维细胞生长因子由除了单独的成纤维细胞饲养层外的来源提供。在优选的形式中,通过添加足量的成纤维细胞生长因子,使得之前为维持干细胞培养物所需的成纤维细胞饲养层变为非必需的”。
又如,WO2005065354公开了一种基本上无饲养细胞和无血清的成分确定的等渗培养基,其包含:a.基础培养基;b.一定量的足以支持基本上未分化的哺乳动物干细胞生长的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子;c.一定量的足以支持基本上未分化的哺乳动物干细胞生长的胰岛素;和d.一定量的足以支持基本上未分化的哺乳动物干细胞生长的抗坏血酸。
又如,WO2005086845公开了一种维持未分化的干细胞的方法,所述方法包括使干细胞暴露于转化生长因子-β(TGFβ)蛋白家族的成员、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)蛋白家族的成员或烟酰胺(NIC),所述成员或烟酰胺的量足以维持所述细胞处于未分化状态达足以实现所需结果的一段时间。
多能干细胞为研究和药物筛选提供潜在资源。目前,人ES细胞系的大规模培养是困难的,并且带来了严峻挑战。针对这些挑战的可能解决方案是以单细胞形式传代和培养人ES细胞。单细胞更适合标准组织培养技术,例如,计数、转染等等。
例如,Nicolas等人提供了一种用于从单细胞生产和扩增人ES细胞系的方法,所述单细胞已通过慢病毒载体进行遗传修饰,然后通过荧光激活细胞分选来分离(Stem Cells Dev.16:109-118,2007)。
又如,美国专利申请US2005158852公开了一种“用于改善单个人胚胎干细胞的生长和存活的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:获得未分化的单hES细胞;将该未分化的单细胞与细胞外基质混合;以及将该混合物接种至饲养细胞上,其中在生长环境中具有营养介质。”
又如,Sidhu等人(Stem Cells Dev.15:61-69,2006)描述了对三种衍生自亲本系hES3的人ES细胞克隆hES 3.1、3.2和3.3的首次报道,所述克隆是通过流式细胞术进行单细胞制备物的分选而得到。
然而,人ES细胞作为单细胞的传代和培养会导致遗传异常和多潜能性丧失。培养条件对于多潜能性和遗传稳定性的保持是重要的。通常,通过人工或用酶学试剂(例如胶原酶、释放酶(liberase)或分散酶(dispase))进行人ES细胞系的传代。
例如,Draper等人指出了“在五种独立的情形下,三种独立的人胚胎干细胞系中涉及染色体17q的获得的核型改变”的存在(Nature Biotechnol.22:53-54,2004)。
又如,Buzzard等人声称,“我们仅曾经检测到一个核型改变事件…考虑到我们的方法与大部分其他研究组所用的方法完全不同,所用的培养方法可能对我们的结果有一些影响。通常我们在7天后通过首先用破碎的移液管边缘分离集落来对人ES细胞进行传代…在该方法中并未采用酶学细胞解离方法或化学细胞解离方法。我们推测这可解释我们拥有的hES(人ES)细胞的相对细胞遗传复原能力(cytogenetic resilience)。”(Nature Biotechnol.22:381-382,2004)。
又如,Mitalipova等人声称:“批量传代方法…在长期传代后能在培养物中保持非整倍性细胞群,但可用于较短的周期(最高至至少15次传代)而无核型异常…有可能在长期人工增殖条件下,随后在要求比人工传代方法单独能够提供的数量更多的hES细胞的实验中进行有限的批量传代后,保持hES细胞中的正常核型。”(Nature Biotechnol.23:19-20,2005)。
又如,Heng等人声称“结果证明第二个方案(伴随轻轻抽吸进行胰蛋白酶消化)比第一个方案(伴随刮擦进行胶原酶处理)对细胞活力的危害更小。这继而转化为更高的冻融存活率”。(Biotechnology and AppliedBiochemistry 47:33-37,2007)。
又如,Hasegawa等人声称“我们已建立了能耐受完全解离的hESC亚系。这些细胞显示具有高的再次平板接种(replating)的效率和高克隆效率,并且它们保持分化成三个胚层的能力”。(Stem Cells 24:2649-2660,2006)。
又如,美国专利申请61/030,544提供了用于细胞附着至固体基底表面上、在其上培养细胞和从其上使细胞脱落的方法和组合物,所述基底表面含有至少约0.9%的氮至约11%的氮以及至少约12%的氧至至少约30%的氧并且不含吸附层和饲养细胞。在本发明的一个实施例中,用能够抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物处理细胞。
明显需要用于在缺少饲养细胞和吸附层,同时保持细胞的多潜能性的情况下培养细胞(包括多能干细胞)的方法和组合物。本发明提供了用于在不缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层的平面基底上生长、扩增和分化多能干细胞的方法,其中所述细胞不需要用能够抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物处理以粘结至所述平面基底。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种使多能干细胞在平面基底上附着、培养和分化的方法,所述平面基底含有最多约12%的N、至少约12%的O至至少约55%的O,接触角为约18度至约32度,并且缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层。
附图说明
图1示出了Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152对人胚胎干细胞系H1附着至平面基底的影响。分图a):示出了混合纤维素酯膜(表1中的2号膜)上的细胞附着。分图b):示出了尼龙膜(表1中的4号膜)上的细胞附着。分图c):示出了乙酸纤维素膜(表1中的5号膜)上的细胞附着。分图d):示出了聚碳酸酯膜(表1中的7号膜)上的细胞附着。分图e):示出了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(表1中的12号膜)上的细胞附着。
图2:示出了Rho激酶抑制剂Y-26732对人胚胎干细胞系H9附着至混合纤维素酯膜(表1中的1号膜)的影响。分图a):示出了对照孔中的细胞附着。分图b):示出了用10μM的Y-26732处理过的细胞的细胞附着。分图c):示出了用20μM的Y-26732处理过的细胞的细胞附着。
图3:示出了在MATRIGEL涂覆表面上的人胚胎干细胞系H1的增殖曲线(实线)和混合纤维素酯膜(表1中的1号膜)上的人胚胎干细胞系H1的增殖曲线(虚线)。
图4:示出了细胞系H1的人胚胎干细胞中代表性细胞的G显带染色体。分图a):示出了在MATRIGEL涂覆表面上培养10代的细胞的染色体。分图b):示出了在混合纤维素酯膜(表1中的1号膜)上培养10代的细胞的染色体。
图5:示出了Rho激酶抑制剂Y26732对人胚胎干细胞系H9的细胞附着于聚碳酸酯膜(表1中的7号膜)的影响。分图a):示出了对照孔中的细胞附着。分图b):示出了用10μM的Y-26732处理之后的细胞附着。分图c):示出了用20μM的Y-26732处理之后的细胞附着。
图6:示出了Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152对人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞附着于聚碳酸酯膜(表1中的7号膜)的影响。分图a):示出了对照孔中的细胞附着。分图b):示出了当将0.03μM的H-1152添加至培养基时的细胞附着。分图c):示出了当将0.1μM的H-1152添加至培养基时的细胞附着。分图d):示出了当将0.3μM的H-1152添加至培养基时的细胞附着。分图e):示出了当将1μM的H-1152添加至培养基中时的细胞附着。分图f):示出了当将3μM的H-1152添加至培养基时的细胞附着。
图7示出了从细胞培养基除去Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152之后人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞与聚碳酸酯膜(表1中的9号膜)的脱离。分图a):示出了在培养基中保持3μM的H-1152时细胞的附着。分图b):示出了当从培养基除去H-1152时细胞的脱离。
图8示出了膜孔径和Rho激酶抑制剂处理对人胚胎干细胞系H1附着至平面基底的影响,所述平面基底包括如下:在分图a和c中为表1中的10号聚碳酸酯膜;在分图b和d中为表1中的11号聚碳酸酯膜。分图a和b):示出了当在培养基中保持3μM的H-1152时细胞的附着。分图c和d):示出了当从培养基除去H-1152时细胞的脱离。
图9示出了聚碳酸酯膜(表1中的8号膜)上培养3代的人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞中的多潜能性相关标志物的表达的维持。附图中指出的基因的表达是通过实时PCR来确定。实心条柱表示从未分化的人胚胎干细胞系H1得到的数据。带斜条纹的条柱表示从聚碳酸酯膜上培养的细胞得到的数据。
图10示出了在聚碳酸酯膜(表1中的8号膜)上培养12代后人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞形成胚状体的能力。附图示出来自单个实验的代表性数据。
图11示出了本发明的平面基底的扫描电子显微图。
图12示出了ULTRAWEBTM平面基底的扫描电子显微图。
图13示出了成分确定的培养基mTESRTM对人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞粘结至多种平面基底的影响。
具体实施方式
将本发明的具体实施方式部分分成以下几个分部分,来描述或说明本发明的某些特征、实施例或应用,这是为了使公开内容清楚起见,并非限制本发明。
定义
本文所用的“吸附层”指固体基底表面上通过共价键(也称为接枝)或非共价键(也称为吸附)将分子连接至表面上而形成的一层。用于制备吸附层的分子可以为(例如)蛋白质性分子,其可包括(例如)胞外基质蛋白、氨基酸等,还可以为非生物分子,例如,聚乙烯亚胺。
“β-细胞谱系”指对于转录因子PDX-1和下列转录因子中的至少一种具有阳性基因表达的细胞:NGN3、NKX2.2、NKX6.1、NEUROD、ISL1、HNF-3β、MAFA、PAX4或PAX6。表达β细胞谱系特征性标志物的细胞包括β细胞。
本文所用的“表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞”指表达至少一种下列标志物的细胞:SOX17、GATA4、HNF3β、GSC、CER1、Nodal、FGF8、Brachyury、Mix样同源盒蛋白、FGF4 CD48、脱中胚蛋白(eomesodermin,EOMES)、DKK4、FGF17、GATA6、CXCR4、C-Kit、CD99或OTX2。表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞包括原条前体细胞、原条细胞、中内胚层细胞和定形内胚层细胞。
本文所用的“表达胰腺内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞”指表达至少一种下列标志物的细胞:PDX1、HNF1β、PTF1α、HNF6、NKX6.1或HB9。表达胰腺内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞包括胰腺内胚层细胞、原肠管细胞和后前肠细胞。
本文所用的“定形内胚层”指具有在原肠胚形成过程中从上胚层产生的细胞的特性并形成胃肠道及其衍生物的细胞。定形内胚层细胞表达下列标志物:HNF3β、GATA4、SOX17、Cerberus、OTX2、goosecoid、C-Kit、CD99和MIXL1。
本文所用的“胰腺内分泌细胞”或“胰腺激素表达细胞”指能够表达至少一种下列激素的细胞:胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素和胰腺多肽。
本文所用的“胚外内胚层”指表达至少一种下列标志物的细胞群:SOX7、AFP或SPARC。
“胞外基质蛋白”指通常在体内或在胎盘内的细胞间存在的蛋白质性分子。胞外基质蛋白可来自组织、体液(如血液)或通过非重组细胞或重组细胞或细菌调理过的培养基。
本文所用的“标志物”是在所关注的细胞中差异表达的核酸或多肽分子。在该语境中,差异表达意指阳性标志物的水平增加,而阴性标志物的水平降低。与其他细胞相比,所关注的细胞中标志核酸或多肽的可检测水平足够高或足够低,使得可使用多种本领域公知的方法中的任何一种鉴定所关注的细胞与将其与其他细胞区分开来。
本文所用的“中内胚层细胞”指表达至少一种下列标志物的细胞:CD48、脱中胚蛋白(EOMES)、SOX-17、DKK4、HNF3β、GSC、FGF17或GATA6。
本文所用的“胰腺激素分泌细胞”指能够分泌至少一种以下激素的细胞:胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素和胰多肽。
本文所用的“前原条细胞”指表达至少一种以下标志物的细胞:Nodal或FGF8。
本文所用的“原条细胞”指表达至少一种以下标志物的细胞:Brachyury、Mix-like同源盒蛋白或FGF4。
干细胞是由它们在单细胞水平上既自我更新又分化产生子代细胞的能力来定义的未分化细胞,包括自我更新祖细胞、非更新祖细胞和末端分化细胞。干细胞的特征还在于:其具有在体外由多种胚层(内胚层、中胚层和外胚层)分化成各种细胞谱系的功能细胞以及移植后产生多种胚层的组织和注入胚泡后基本上有助于大部分(如果不是所有的话)组织形成的能力。
干细胞根据其发育潜能分为:(1)全能,指能够产生所有的胚胎和胚胎外细胞类型;(2)多能,指能够产生所有的胚胎细胞类型;(3)多能,指能够产生细胞谱系的亚群,但在特定组织、器官或生理系统内能产生所有的细胞(例如造血干细胞(HSC)可产生的后代细胞包括:HSC(自我更新)、局限于血细胞的寡能祖细胞以及作为血液正常组分的所有细胞类型和成分(如血小板));(4)寡能,指能够产生比多能干细胞更具限制性的细胞谱系亚群;以及(5)单能,指能够产生单一细胞谱系(如生精干细胞)。
分化是未特化的(“未定向的”)或特化不足的细胞获得特化细胞(如神经细胞或肌肉细胞)的特征的过程。分化的细胞或诱导分化的细胞是已经在细胞谱系中占据更特化的(“定向的”)位置的细胞。术语“定向的”当应用到分化的过程时,指在分化途径中已经进行到这么一种程度的细胞:在正常环境下,它会继续分化成特定的细胞类型或细胞类型子集,且在正常环境下不能分化成另一细胞类型或回复到分化程度较低的细胞类型。去分化指细胞回复到细胞的谱系当中特化(或定向)程度较低的地位的过程。本文所用的“细胞的谱系”限定了细胞的遗传关系,即它来自哪些细胞和它能产生什么细胞。细胞谱系将细胞定位于发育和分化的遗传计划内。谱系特异性标志物是指与所关注谱系的细胞表型特异性相关并能够用于评价非定向细胞向所关注谱系的分化的特征。
本文所用的“表面”指旨在用于细胞培养或分析的固体基底容器或基质的最外面的分子层。可分别用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量法来分析表面的元素组成、粗糙度和润湿性。
有多个术语用来描述培养中的细胞。“维持”通常指将细胞在有利于细胞生长和/或分裂的条件下置于培养基中,这有可能或可能不导致产生更大的细胞群体。“传代”指将细胞从一个培养容器移出并将它们在有利于细胞生长和/或分裂的条件下置于第二培养容器中的过程。
细胞的特定群体或细胞系,有时由它已被传代的次数来指称或表征。例如,已被传代十次的培养细胞群体可称为P10培养物。首次培养物(即,在将细胞从组织分离后的第一次培养物)被指定为P0。在第一次继代培养后,细胞被描述为次代培养物(P1或第1代)。在第二次继代培养后,细胞变成三代培养物(P2或第2代),依此类推。本领域技术人员会理解,在传代期间可能有多次群体倍增;因此培养物的群体倍增数目大于传代数目。细胞在各次传代之间的期间中的扩增(即群体倍增数目)取决于许多因素,包括但不限于接种密度、基底、培养基、生长条件和各次传代之间的时间。
本发明的平面基底
适用于本发明的平面基底可由能够提供多能细胞可附着其上的支撑物的任何材料构成。例如,平面基底可由聚碳酸酯构成。或者,平面基底可由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETE)构成。或者,平面基底可由尼龙构成。或者,平面基底可由乙酸纤维素构成。或者,平面基底可由混合纤维素酯构成。适用于本发明的平面基底的例子可见于表1。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种使多能干细胞在平面基底上附着、培养和分化的方法,所述平面基底含有最多约12%的N、至少约12%的O至至少约55%的O,接触角为约18度至约32度,并且缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层。含有至少约8%的N至至少约12%的N和至少约12%的O至至少约55%的氧的平面基底可以是粗糙的纤维表面,或者可以是平滑的表面。
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了使多能干细胞附着于平面基底的方法,所述平面基底含有最多约12%的N、至少约12%的O至至少约55%的O,接触角为约18度至约32度,并且缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a.获得多能干细胞的悬浮液;以及
b.将该细胞悬浮液添加至所述平面基底并允许细胞附着。
在一个实施例中,将多能干细胞在附着于表面后进行培养。在一个实施例中,使多能干细胞在附着于表面后在平面基底上分化。
在一个实施例中,通过用能够抑制Rho激酶活性的物质处理多能干细胞来增强多能干细胞与平面基底的附着,所述平面基底含有最多约12%的N、至少约12%的O至至少约55%的O,接触角为约18度至约32度,并且缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层。在细胞附着后,可将能抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物从细胞除去。
能抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物选自:Y-27632、法舒地尔、H-1152和羟基法舒地尔(Hydroxyfasudil)。
在一个实施例中,能抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物可在约0.1μM至约100μM的浓度下使用。在一个实施例中,能够抑制Rho激酶活性的至少一种化合物在约10μM的浓度下使用。
本发明的平面基底的表征
在一个实施例中,本发明的平面基底表面的元素组成可以由X射线光电子能谱(XPS)来分析。将XPS(也称为化学分析电子能谱(ESCA))用作测定什么元素或原子存在于固体基底表面(可检测浓度大于0.1原子百分数的除氢和氦以外的所有元素)和测定这些元素或原子的键合环境的方法。
在一个实施例中,本发明的平面基底表面的粗糙度可通过原子力显微镜法(AFM)来分析。可用AFM以低至的水平分辨率和低至的垂直分辨率为表面原子或分子成像。
在一个实施例中,可通过测量接触角来分析本发明的平面基底表面的润湿性。例如,使用静滴法进行的接触角测量可提供固体基底表面和液体表面之间相互作用的信息。接触角描述停留在固体基底表面上的液滴的形状,其为固体基底表面上的液体接触角,并在液、固和气三相交界的接触线处的液体内测得。具有大于90°的水接触角的表面称为疏水的,具有小于90°的水接触角的表面称为亲水的。在极其亲水的表面,也就是说,对水具有高亲和力的表面,小水滴将完全铺展(有效接触角为0°)。
在一个实施例中,通过测量表面与结晶紫的反应性来分析本发明的平面基底表面的负电荷密度。结晶紫带有正电荷,使得其能够结合到带负电的分子和分子部分上,例如,聚合物表面上的带负电的官能团。如果表面具有相同的粗糙度和面积,则具有高结晶紫反应性的表面比具有低结晶紫反应性的表面具有更高密度的负电荷。
多能干细胞
多能干细胞的表征
多能干细胞可表达阶段特征性胚胎抗原(SSEA)3和4以及可用称为Tra-1-60和Tra-1-81的抗体检测的标志物中的一种或多种(Thomson等人,Science 282:1145,1998)。多能干细胞体外分化会导致丧失SSEA-4、Tra-1-60和Tra-1-81的表达并增加SSEA-1的表达。未分化的多能干细胞通常具有碱性磷酸酶活性,该酶可通过用4%多聚甲醛固定细胞,然后用Vector Red作为底物显影来检测,如生产商所描述的(Vector Laboratories,BurlingameCalif)。未分化的多能干细胞还通常表达OCT-4和TERT,这可通过RT-PCR检测。
增殖的多能干细胞的另一理想表型是分化成所有三个胚层即内胚层、中胚层和外胚层组织的细胞的潜能。可以通过如下方式来确定干细胞的多潜能性:例如,将细胞注射入重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID)小鼠,使用4%的多聚甲醛固定形成的畸胎瘤,然后对其进行组织学检测,找出来自三个胚层的细胞类型的证据。作为另一种选择,多潜能性可通过这样来确定:产生胚状体并评价该胚状体是否存在与三个胚层相关的标志物。
增殖的多能干细胞系可用标准G显带技术进行核型分析并与公开的相应灵长类物种的核型相比较。理想的是获得具有“正常核型”的细胞,“正常核型”的细胞意指该细胞是整倍体,其中所有人染色体都存在并且没有显著改变。
多能干细胞的来源
可使用的多能干细胞的类型包括从妊娠后形成的组织衍生而来的确立多能细胞系,包括在妊娠期间任何时间取得的胚前组织(例如胚泡)、胚胎组织或胎儿组织,所述时间通常是但不一定是在大约10至12周妊娠前。非限制性的例子是已确立的人胚胎干细胞系或人胚胎生殖细胞系,例如人胚胎干细胞系H1、H7和H9(WiCell)。还可设想的是,在此类细胞的初始建立或稳定期间使用本公开的组合物,在此情况下,源细胞将是直接取自源组织的原代多潜能细胞。另外合适的是取自已在不存在饲养细胞的情况下培养的多能干细胞群体的细胞。同样合适的是突变型人胚胎干细胞系,例如BG01v(BresaGen,Athens,GA)。另外合适的是衍生自非多能细胞例如成人体细胞的多能干细胞。
在一个实施例中,人胚胎干细胞是如Thomson等人所述制备(美国专利No.5,843,780;Science 282:1145,1998;Curr.Top.Dev.Biol.38:133 ff.,1998;Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92:7844,1995)。
多能干细胞的培养
在一个实施例中,在按照本发明的方法培养之前,将多能干细胞培养在以多种方式支持多能干细胞的饲养细胞层或胞外基质蛋白上。例如,将多能干细胞培养在支持多能干细胞增殖而不进行大量分化的饲养细胞层上。多能干细胞在饲养细胞层上生长而不分化是利用如下来支持的:(i)获得含有饲养细胞层的培养容器;以及(ii)通过先前用另一细胞类型进行培养而调理的培养基或者(例如)不含血清甚至没有化学成分确定的未经调理的培养基。
又如,将多能干细胞培养在基本上不含饲养细胞、但支持多能干细胞增殖而不进行大量分化的培养体系中。多能干细胞在不含饲养细胞的培养物中生长而不进行分化是利用以下条件来支持的:(i)固体基底表面上具有一种或多种细胞外基质蛋白的吸附层;和(ii)通过先前用另一细胞类型进行培养而调理的培养基或者未经调理的培养基(例如不含血清的培养基或甚至是化学成分确定的培养基)。
在一个替代实施例中,将多能干细胞在通过先前用另一细胞类型进行培养而调理的培养基或者未经调理的培养基(例如不含血清的培养基或甚至是化学成分确定的培养基)中,在包括混合纤维素酯的平面表面上培养。
培养基:适用于本发明的细胞培养基的例子可见于US20020072117。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于US6642048。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于WO2005014799。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于Xu等人(Stem Cells 22:972-980,2004)。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于US20070010011。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于Cheon等人(BioReprodDOI:10.1095/biolreprod.105.046870;2005年10月19日)。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另外一个例子可见于Levenstein等人(Stem Cells 24:568-574,2006)。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于US20050148070。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于US20050233446。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于US6800480。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于US20050244962。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于WO2005065354。适用于本发明的细胞培养基的另一例子可见于WO2005086845。
合适的培养基也可以由下列组分制成,例如,Dulbecco改进的Eagle培养基(DMEM)、Gibco # 11965-092、Knockout Dulbecco改进的Eagle培养基(KO DMEM)、Gibco # 10829-018、Ham′s F12/50%DMEM基本培养基、200mM L-谷氨酰胺、Gibco # 15039-027、非必需氨基酸溶液、Gibco 11140-050、β-巯基乙醇、Sigma # M7522、人重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、Gibco # 13256-029。
多能干细胞的分化
在本发明的一个实施例中,将多能干细胞在培养中进行扩增,同时保持它们的多能性。可通过检测与多能性相关的标志物的表达水平的变化,来确定细胞的多能性随时间的变化。或者,可通过检测与分化相关的标志物或者与别的细胞类型相关的标志物的表达水平的变化来监测多能性的变化。
在一个替代实施例中,使多能干细胞在培养物中增殖,然后以可促进其分化为另一细胞类型的方式处理多能干细胞。别的细胞类型可以是表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。或者,细胞类型可以是表达胰腺内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。或者,细胞类型可以是表达胰腺内分泌谱系特征性标志物的细胞。或者,细胞类型可以是表达β-细胞谱系特征性标志物的细胞。
可通过本领域任何合适的方法,使按照本发明方法处理的多能干细胞分化成多种别的细胞类型。
例如,可使按照本发明方法处理的多能干细胞分化成神经细胞、心脏细胞、肝细胞等。
例如,根据WO2007030870中公开的方法,根据本发明的方法处理的多能干细胞可分化为神经祖细胞和心肌细胞。
在另一个实例中,可按照美国专利6,458,589中公开的方法,使按照本发明方法处理的多能干细胞分化成肝细胞。
例如,可根据D’Amour等人,Nature Biotechnol.23:1534-1541,2005中公开的方法,使多能干细胞分化为表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。
例如,可根据Shinozaki等人,Development 131:1651-1662,2004中公开的方法,使多能干细胞分化为表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。
例如,可根据McLean等人,Stem Cells,25:29-38,2007中公开的方法,使多能干细胞分化为表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。
例如,可根据D’Amour等人,Nature Biotechnol.23:1534-1541,2005中公开的方法,使多能干细胞分化为表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。
定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物选自SOX17、GATA4、HNF3β、GSC、CER1、Nodal、FGF8、Brachyury、Mix样同源盒蛋白、FGF4 CD48、脱中胚蛋白(EOMES)、DKK4、FGF17、GATA6、CXCR4、C-Kit、CD99和OTX2。适用于本发明的是表达至少一种定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。在本发明的一个方面,表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标记物的细胞为原条前体细胞。在一个替代方面,表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标记物的细胞为中内胚层细胞。在一个替代方面,表达定形内胚层谱系特征性标记物的细胞为定形内胚层细胞。
例如,根据D’Amour等人,Nature Biotechnol.24:1392-1401,2006)中公开的方法,多能干细胞可分化为表达胰内胚层系特征性标记物的细胞。
胰腺内胚层谱系特征性标志物选自PDX1、HNF1β、PTF1α、HNF6、HB9和PROX1。适用于本发明的是表达至少一种胰腺内胚层谱系特征性标志物的细胞。在本发明的一个方面,表达胰腺内胚层谱系特征性标记物的细胞为胰腺内胚层细胞。
可根据本领域的任何方法使多能干细胞分化为表达胰内分泌系特征性标记物的细胞。
例如,可根据D’Amour等人,Nature Biotechnol.24:1392-1401,2006中公开的方法,使多能干细胞分化为表达胰内分泌谱系特征性标记物的细胞。
例如,可根据D’Amour等人,Nature Biotechnol.24:1392-1401,2006中公开的方法,使多能干细胞分化为表达胰内分泌谱系特征性标记物的细胞。
胰腺内分泌谱系特征性标志物选自NGN3、NEUROD、ISL1、PDX1、NKX6.1、PAX4、NGN3和PTF-1α。在一个实施例中,胰腺内分泌细胞能够表达以下激素中的至少一种:胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素和胰多肽。适用于本发明的是表达至少一种胰腺内分泌谱系特征性标志物的细胞。在本发明的一个方面,表达胰腺内分泌谱系特征性标志物的细胞是胰腺内分泌细胞。胰内分泌细胞可为表达胰激素的细胞。作为另外一种选择,胰内分泌细胞可为分泌胰激素的细胞。
在本发明的一个方面,胰腺内分泌细胞是表达β细胞谱系特征性标志物的细胞。表达β细胞谱系特征性标志物的细胞可表达PDX1和至少一种下列转录因子:NGN3、NKX2.2、NKX6.1、NEUROD、ISL1、HNF3β、MAFA、PAX4和PAX6。在本发明的一个方面,表达β细胞谱系特征性标志物的细胞是β细胞。
本发明进一步通过如下实例举例说明,但不受限于如下实例。
实例
实例1:人胚胎干细胞附着于本发明的平面基底。
Rho激酶抑制剂Y26732已显示出能增强人胚胎干细胞在表面改性板上的附着(参见美国专利申请No.61/030,544)。本发明的研究目的在于确定人胚胎干细胞附着于其它平面表面的能力。表1中示出了本发明中所测试的平面表面。
在测试之前,将人胚胎干细胞系H1细胞中的细胞在涂覆有低生长因子MATRIGEL的1∶30稀释液的组织培养板上扩增。将细胞接种至处于补充有20ng/ml bFGF(MEF-CM/bFGF)的10ml MEF调理培养基中的100mm培养皿上。将细胞在具有5%CO2的湿润气氛中于37℃下培养。每天用新鲜的MEF-CM/bFGF更新培养基。一旦细胞达到大约80%的汇合度,通过在37℃下用1mg/ml释放酶处理5分钟来将细胞传代。通过从培养皿中除去酶并用MEF-CM/bFGF冲洗细胞来停止消化。通过在10ml的MEF-CM/bFGF中人工刮下细胞并将其转移至50ml锥形管来收集细胞。在台式离心机上以200×g(1000rpm)将细胞离心而形成沉淀。在移除上清液后,将细胞再次悬浮于40ml的MEF-CM/bFGF中,并且平均分配在4个涂覆有低生长因子MATRIGEL的1∶30稀释液的100mm培养皿中。
将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞以100,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种至表1所示的各种平面基底上。这些平面基底缺少吸附层和成纤维细胞饲养细胞层。如上所述,将细胞在MEF-CM/bFGF中培养。测定Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152对细胞附着于平面基底的影响。将3μM的H-1152添加至用于接种细胞的培养基中。让细胞附着24小时。此后,在室温下用4%的多聚甲醛将细胞固定5分钟。然后,用1%的苏木精对细胞进行染色,并借助光学显微镜确定细胞的数目。包括了装有溶媒的孔作为对照。
人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞以不依赖于Rho激酶抑制剂的方式附着于如下膜:混合纤维素酯膜(2号膜,图1的分图a);尼龙膜(4号膜,图1的分图b)和乙酸纤维素膜(5号膜,图1的分图c)。添加3μM的H-1152增强了细胞与这些膜的附着(参见图1的分图a-c)。
人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞需要存在3μM的H-1152来附着于如下平面基底:聚碳酸酯膜(7号膜,图1的分图d)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(12号膜,图1的分图e)。从培养基中除去H-1152导致H1细胞与这两种膜都脱离。在不存在H-1152的情况下,没有发现与这些膜形成了附着。
实例2:Rho激酶处理对人胚胎干细胞附着于包含混合纤维素酯的平面 基底(1号膜)的影响。
在进行实验操作之前,将人胚胎干细胞系H9的细胞在MATRIGEL涂覆的培养皿上培养。将细胞在MEF调理培养基中以150,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种于混合纤维素酯膜(1号膜)上。所述平面基底缺少吸附层和成纤维细胞饲养细胞层。检验Rho激酶抑制剂处理对附着于平面基底的影响。用0、10或20μM的Y26732处理细胞。在24小时后,将细胞用4%的多聚甲醛固定、用PBS冲洗、风干并用结晶紫染料进行染色。借助光学显微镜确定细胞的数目。包括了装有溶媒的孔作为对照。
观察到在不存在Y26732的情况下细胞附着于平面基底(图2的分图a)。添加10和20μM的Y26732增强了细胞与平面基底的附着(图2的分图b和c)。从培养基除去Y26732后24小时并没有导致细胞与平面基底脱离。
实例3:在1号平面基底膜上培养对人胚胎干细胞的增殖速率的影响。
将在MATRIGEL涂覆培养皿上培养的人胚胎干细胞系的细胞和在1号膜上培养的细胞的增殖速率进行比较。将细胞以相等密度接种在这两个基底上。通过TrypLE处理使细胞从基底脱离而形成单细胞悬浮液以确定细胞数目。按图3中所标明的时刻对细胞进行取样。观察到细胞以相当的速率增殖。MATRIGEL上和1号膜上的倍增时间分别为约1.151天和1.138天。
实例4:人胚胎干细胞在包括混合纤维素酯的平面基底(1号膜)上保 持其多潜能性3代。
在含有20ng/ml bFGF的MEF-CM中,将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞以75,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种于包括混合纤维素酯膜(1号膜)的平面基底上。根据上述方法,在将细胞传代至达到大约75%至90%汇合度之前将其培养5或6天。每天更新培养基。在培养3代后,收集细胞并且通过流式细胞术确定多潜能性相关的标志物的表达。如表2中所示,超过95%的细胞保持了多潜能性相关的细胞表面标志物(包括Tra1-60、Tra1-81、SSEA-3和SSEA-4)的表达,从而表明细胞仍为多潜能性的。
实例5:人胚胎干细胞在包括混合纤维素酯(1号膜)的平面基底上保 持稳定的核型10代。
将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞在MATRIGEL涂覆的培养板上或者在混合纤维素酯膜上培养10代。根据上述方法培养细胞。通过分析20个G显带中期细胞进行细胞遗传学分析来确定核型。如图4中所示,MATRIGEL涂覆培养板上培养的代表性细胞的G-显带染色体(图4的分图a)和混合纤维素酯膜上培养的其它细胞的G-显带染色体(图4的分图b)证实了正常的男性染色体核型。
还使用采用染色体12p探针和17p探针的荧光原位杂交法(FISH)检验200个分裂间期的核来确定核型,以鉴别不能用常规细胞遗传学方法检测的染色体12和17拷贝数有改变的非常小的细胞群体。在MATRIGEL上和混合纤维素酯膜上培养的细胞中,未检测到具有三体型12号染色体和/或17号染色体的异常细胞。
实例6:人胚胎干细胞能够在包括混合纤维素酯的平面基底(1号膜) 上分化成胰岛素生成细胞。
在含有20ng/ml bFGF的MEF调理培养基中,将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞以150,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种至包括混合纤维素酯的平面基底(1号膜)上。通过根据表3中列出的分化方案处理细胞,使细胞向胰岛素生成细胞分化。将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF的MEF调理培养基中培养3至4天,以达到大约75%至90%的汇合度。将细胞在含有2%的无脂肪酸牛血清白蛋白(FAF-BSA)、100ng/lm的激活素A和20ng/ml的Wnt3A的DMEM-F12培养基中处理2天,然后用DMEM-F12培养基、2%的无脂肪酸牛血清白蛋白(FAF-BSA)和100ng/ml的激活素A将细胞再处理2天。接着,将细胞在含有2%的BSA、20ng/ml的FGF7和250nM的环巴胺-KAAD的DMEF-F12培养基中处理3天,然后在含有1%的B27补充剂、20ng/ml的FGF7、250nM的环巴胺-KAAD、2μM的视黄酸(RA)和100ng/ml的成头蛋白(Noggin)的DMEM-F12培养基中处理4天。将细胞在含有1%的B27补充剂、1μM的ALK5抑制剂2(Axxora产品目录号:ALX-270-445-M001)、100ng/ml的成头蛋白、100ng/ml的轴突导向因子-4(Netrin-4)、50ng/ml的Exendin-4和1μM的DAPT的DMEM-F12培养基中处理3天。将细胞在DMEM-F12培养基、1%的B27补充剂和1μM的ALK5抑制剂2中培养7天并在含有1%的B27补充剂的DMEM-F12培养基中再培养7天。
在分化方案的最后,收集RNA样本来确定胰内分泌谱系特征性标志物的表达。观察到胰岛素的CT数约为17。GAPDH相应的CT值约为19;这些数据表明在处理后细胞表达高水平的胰岛素。
实例7:人胚胎干细胞以Rho激酶抑制剂依赖性方式附着于包括聚碳酸 酯膜的平面基底。
在MEF调理培养基中,将人胚胎干细胞系H9的细胞以150,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种至包括聚碳酸酯的平面基底(7号膜)。检验Rho激酶抑制剂处理对附着的影响:将Rho激酶抑制剂Y26732以0、10或20μM的浓度添加至培养基。在24小时后,将膜上的细胞在室温下用4%的多聚甲醛固定、用PBS冲洗、风干、用结晶紫染料进行染色。借助光学显微镜确定细胞的数目。包括了装有溶媒的孔作为对照。
细胞没有附着于对照皿中的膜上(图5的分图a)。添加Y26732导致细胞附着于膜上(图5的分图b和c)。
在单独的实验中,确定了Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152对人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞附着于7号膜的影响。在含有20ng/ml bFGF的MEF-CM中,将细胞以150,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种至包括聚碳酸酯膜(7号膜)的平面基底上。将Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152以0、0.03、0.1、0.3、1和3μM的浓度添加至培养基。在24小时后,将膜上的细胞用4%的多聚甲醛固定、用PBS冲洗、风干、用结晶紫染料进行染色。借助光学显微镜确定细胞的数目。包括了装有溶媒的孔作为对照。
细胞没有附着至对照皿中的膜(图6的分图a)和具有0.03或0.1μM的H-1152的培养皿中的膜(图6的分图b和c)。然而,在用0.3、1和3μM的H-1152处理过的培养物中观察到附着(图6的分图d-f)。
实例8:从培养基除去Rho激酶抑制剂导致人胚胎干细胞从包括聚碳酸 酯膜的平面基底脱离。
在含有20ng/ml bFGF和3μM的Rho激酶抑制剂H-1152的MEF调理培养基中,将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞以100,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种至包括聚碳酸酯的平面基底(9号膜)上。将细胞培养24小时。此后,用含有20ng/ml bFGF而缺少H-1152的MEF调理培养基替代原培养基。在24小时后,将膜上的细胞用4%的多聚甲醛固定、用PBS冲洗、风干、用结晶紫染料进行染色。借助光学显微镜确定细胞的数目。包括了含有H-1152的孔作为对照。从培养基中除去H-1152导致细胞与平面基底脱离(图7)。
实例9:平面基底的孔隙度影响人胚胎干细胞的附着。
将第42代的人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞接种至如下平面基底:10号膜(孔径为0.4μm);11号膜(孔径为3μm)。在含有20ng/ml bFGF的MEF调理培养基中,将细胞以100,000个细胞/cm2的密度接种。还检验了Rho激酶抑制对细胞附着于平面基底的影响。将该细胞培养基补充3μM的H-1152。在24小时后,用含有20ng/ml bFGF且缺少H-1152的MEF调理培养基替代原培养基。再培养24小时后,将膜上的细胞用4%的多聚甲醛固定、用PBS冲洗、风干、用结晶紫染料进行染色。包括了含有1μM的H-1152的孔作为对照。借助光学显微镜确定细胞的数目。包括了装有溶媒的孔作为对照。
附着于10号膜(图8的分图a)的细胞数量比附着于11号膜(图8的分图b)的细胞数量多。要求培养基中存在1μM的H-1152以保持H1细胞附着于膜(图8的分图a和b)上。从培养基除去H-1152导致细胞从10号膜和11号膜(图8的分图c和d)脱离。
实例10:在包括聚碳酸酯膜的平面基底上多次传代后人胚胎干细胞保 持其多潜能性。
将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞接种至包括聚碳酸酯膜(8号膜)的平面基底上。将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF且补充有3μM的H-1152的MEF调理培养基中培养。每天更换细胞培养基。通过从培养基中去除H-1152来对细胞进行传代,并通过轻轻地涡旋从平面基底除去细胞。将细胞培养3代并将其收集以用于流式细胞术和定量RT-PCR分析。如表4中所示,通过流式细胞术测定,超过95%的细胞表达与多潜能性相关的细胞表面标志物,包括Tra1-60、Tra1-81、SSEA-3和SSEA-4。图9示出定量RT-PCR的结果,表明在聚碳酸酯膜上培养3代的H1中表达的多个基因与未分化的H1细胞中的处于相当水平。
在单独的研究中,将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞接种至包括聚碳酸酯膜(8号膜)的平面基底上。将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF且补充有1μM的H-1152的MEF调理培养基中培养。每天更换细胞培养基。通过从培养基中去除H-1152来对细胞进行传代,并通过轻轻地涡旋从平面基底除去细胞。将细胞培养9代并将其收集以用于流式细胞术。如表5中所示,超过95%的细胞表达与多潜能性相关的细胞表面标志物,包括Tra1-60、Tra1-81、SSEA-3和SSEA-4。
一种用于评估多潜能性的备选方法是借助细胞形成胚状体的能力。将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞接种至包括聚碳酸酯膜(8号膜)的平面基底上。将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF且补充有3μM的H-1152的MEF调理培养基中培养。每天更换细胞培养基。通过从培养基中去除H-1152来对细胞进行传代,并通过轻轻地涡旋从平面基底除去细胞。将细胞培养12代。
通过如下方案来实现胚状体的形成。收集H1细胞并将其在超低簇平板(Ultra Low Cluster Plate)(Corning产品目录号:3471)中在补充有20%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基中培养。通过更新培养基的50%来隔天给细胞供料。在14天后形成胚状体(图10)。
实例11:人胚胎干细胞在包括聚碳酸酯膜的平面基底上培养后能够形 成定形内胚层。
将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞接种至包括聚碳酸酯(8号膜)的平面基底上。最开始,将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF且补充有3μM的H-1152的MEF调理培养基中培养。然后,在进行实验操作之前,将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF且补充有1μM的H-1152的MEF调理培养基中培养10代。
然后,将细胞接种至涂覆有MATRIGEL的1∶30稀释液的100mm组织培养板上。将细胞在含有20ng/ml bFGF的MEF调理培养基中培养3天。接着,将细胞在补充有2%的无脂肪酸牛血清白蛋白、100ng/lm的激活素A和20ng/ml的Wnt3a的DMEM-F12中处理2天,然后用补充有2%的无脂肪酸牛血清白蛋白和100ng/ml的激活素A的DMEM-F12再处理2天。此后,通过TRYPLE处理使细胞脱离以形成单细胞悬浮液并通过流式细胞术确定定形内胚层谱系特征性标志物的表达。
超过90%的细胞是CD99和CXCR4(CD184)双阳性的并且12%的细胞是CD9阳性和CXCR4阴性的,如表6中所示。这些数据表明细胞保持了分化成定形内胚层的能力。
实例12:本发明的平面基底的物理特性。
测定了本发明的平面基底上的表面化学。表7-10示出了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析和接触角。对于XPS,采用了对大约的分析深度。通常,95%的信号源自该深度内。
膜1-3含有类似浓度的氧、碳(主要为C-O和C-(C,H),有可能是O-C-O)以及氮(为NO3、NO2,有可能是C-N和R4-N+)。膜3还含有痕量浓度的Na+和SOx以及较高浓度的C-(C,H)。膜4含有C-(C,H)、C-(O,N)和(O,N)-C=O以及可能有痕量的钠。膜5主要含有C-O并且还含有C-(C,H)以及O-C-O和/或O-C=O。还检测到痕量浓度的Na+和SOx。膜6-11含有C-(C,H)、C-O、O-C=O、C-N、CO3、p-p*和痕量浓度的R4-N+、SOx以及Na+或Cr3+。膜6的表面还可能含有痕量浓度的氯。仅在膜10和11上检测到痕量浓度的氯,而在膜6-9上检测到Na+。膜12的表面含有C-(C,H)、C-O、O-C=O和符合PET的pi-pi*。还检测到痕量浓度的氮和钠。
图11示出本发明的平面基底的扫描电子显微图。观察到两种类型的形态。一种类型的特征在于纤维的开放网络。第二种类型的特征在于在整个表面上分散了圆形孔的平滑片层。
表10示出本发明的表面的接触角测量结果。表面1至5具有约18°至约32°的接触角测量值。多能干细胞不需要存在Rho激酶活性抑制剂来附着于表面1-5。
表面6至12具有大于32°的接触角测量值。多能干细胞需要存在Rho激酶活性抑制剂来附着于这些表面。
实例13:多能干细胞附着于由聚胺组成的平面基底。
根据US6743273以及Schindler M等人,Biomaterials 26(28):5624-5631;2005的方法来制备由聚胺组成的平面基底。该平面基底可以商标ULTRAWEBTM商购获得。ULTRAWEBTM合成表面由随机取向的静电纺纱聚酰胺纳米纤维构成,其平均纤维直径为280nm。纤维尺寸分布在200nm和400nm之间。所测试的第一ULTRAWEBTM表面具有稍微亲水性的表面(产品目录号为3870XX1),而第二表面,即表面(产品目录号为3871XX1)为稍微亲水性的并且覆盖有聚胺材料,所述聚胺材料为纳米纤维提供了用于净正电荷的游离氨基。这两个表面均通过疏水相互作用高效吸收蛋白质。图12中示出了5微米分辨率和10,000倍放大率的扫描电子显微图。然而,人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞不能附着于所测试的任一个UTRAWEBTM表面。
实例14:成分确定的培养基对多能干细胞附着于本发明的平面基底的 影响。
将人胚胎干细胞系H1的细胞接种至如下平面基底上:膜1(混合纤维素酯)、膜4(尼龙)、膜5(乙酸纤维素)和硝化纤维。将细胞以1∶3稀释度接种至成分确定的培养基mTESRTM中并且培养24小时。包括了MEF调理培养基中的平行培养物作为对照。mTESRTM中的细胞培养没有影响细胞附着于平面表面的能力。细胞能够附着于膜1、4和5以及硝化纤维。使用mTESRTM表现出细胞的最强粘结的膜是膜4,之后是膜5(等于硝化纤维),接着是膜1。
将本文通篇中所引用的出版物的全文以引用的方式并入本文。尽管已通过参考实例和优选的实施例对本发明的多个方面进行了阐述,但应当理解,本发明的范围不由前面的描述限定,而是由根据专利法的原理正确解释的权利要求书所限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种使人多能干细胞附着于平面基底表面的方法,所述平面基底含有最多12%的N、至少12%的O至至少55%的O,接触角为18度至32度,并且缺少吸附层和饲养细胞层,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a.获得多能干细胞的悬浮液,
b.将能够抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物加入所述多能干细胞的悬浮液中,
c.将b.的细胞悬浮液添加至所述平面基底,并且
d.允许所述细胞附着所述平面基底的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述细胞已附着于所述平面基底表面后将所述细胞在培养物中维持。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述细胞已附着于所述平面基底表面后使所述细胞分化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述多能干细胞附着于所述平面基底表面后除去所述能够抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述能够抑制Rho激酶活性的化合物选自Y-27632、法舒地尔、H-1152和羟基法舒地尔。
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HK1162191A1 (zh) | 2012-08-24 |
RU2011124902A (ru) | 2012-12-27 |
JP2012509086A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
RU2547925C2 (ru) | 2015-04-10 |
CA2744227A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
AU2016206314B2 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
BRPI0921996A2 (pt) | 2015-08-18 |
US20180258387A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
CA2744227C (en) | 2018-10-02 |
PL2366022T3 (pl) | 2016-11-30 |
AU2009316583A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
CN102257132A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
MX2011005289A (es) | 2011-06-01 |
KR101687344B1 (ko) | 2016-12-16 |
US20100124783A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
ZA201104507B (en) | 2018-11-28 |
KR20110089426A (ko) | 2011-08-08 |
AU2016206314A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
US9969973B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
JP5719305B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
AU2009316583B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
ES2584053T3 (es) | 2016-09-23 |
WO2010059778A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
EP2366022A1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
EP2366022B1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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