JP5284904B2 - Manufacturing method of universal joint parts - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a component part of a universal joint, and more particularly to a surface treatment technique for a universal joint part material used for a rolling part or a sliding part.

  Universal joints (universal joints) are used in various apparatuses such as iron making equipment, paper making equipment, railway vehicles, and ships.

  The universal joint is provided in the power transmission unit of the power transmission device connected to the drive source unit, and transmits power to the driven system. Force and sliding force. For this reason, the components of the universal joint include sites to which various stresses such as rolling portions or sliding portions are applied.

  In the state of use, fatigue tends to occur on the surface of the component member, and the surface strength resistance needs to be improved.

  Moreover, in the apparatus to which the acting force as described above is applied, a machining method is disclosed in which carburized steel is used for the part, shot peening is applied to the part material, and a large compressive stress is formed on the surface layer to improve the surface strength. (See Patent Document 1).

  However, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses general shot peening, and in this method, the surface of the material is roughened by shot peening, and if the surface roughness is large, lubrication occurs at a site where a large amount of slip occurs. There arises a problem that the oil film of oil easily breaks, and surface damage and seizure occur unless the surface roughness is small.

  Further, as a method for increasing fatigue strength without using shot peening, Patent Document 2 discloses that a roller burnishing process is performed on a cross joint.

  However, in the processing method disclosed in Patent Document 2, even if the surface resistance strength can be improved, as in the processing method described in Patent Document 1, oil shortage based on the surface roughness of the joint component parts, It is not possible to eliminate the reduction in frictional resistance.

JP 7-286649 A JP 2004-108407 A

  In a universal joint, bearings are provided at the ends of each shaft portion of the cross shaft, and a shaft body in which a spline is cut to ensure sliding between the shafts in a shaft structure that connects a pair of opposed cross shafts. Is provided.

  Then, a rolling force acts on the bearing portion of the cross shaft, and a sliding force acts on the spline portion. For this reason, usually, lubricating oil such as grease is interposed between the bearing portion and the spline portion to reduce the frictional resistance, thereby reducing the surface peeling due to friction.

  For this reason, the breakage of the oil film in the rolling part and the sliding part is a major factor that improves the surface strength and the life of the universal joint.

  Therefore, the present invention can improve the surface strength (hardness and residual compressive stress) in the rolling part and the sliding part by a relatively simple method, and can prevent the oil film from being cut, and can be durable. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a universal joint component that enables improvement of the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention of a method for manufacturing a universal joint component according to the present invention includes carburizing and quenching a universal joint component material made of carbon steel for machine structure, low alloy steel for machine structure, or high carbon chromium bearing steel. In the universal joint component material after the surface treatment step, a heat treatment step for performing tempering treatment and / or induction hardening treatment, and a surface treatment step for performing fine particle peening on the universal joint component material after the heat treatment step are performed. The surface hardness is 800 HV or higher, the residual compressive stress is 30 μm from the surface to −800 MPa or lower, and the surface roughness Ra is about 0.4 μm.

  According to the present invention, by performing carburization quenching and tempering treatment and / or induction quenching treatment on a component material provided in a portion where a high contact surface pressure or stress occurs in a universal joint, by performing fine particle peening, Fine irregularities (surface roughness Ra of about 0.4 μm) could be formed on the surface of the component, and surface hardness and residual compressive stress could be improved.

  For this reason, a lubricating oil pool is formed with fine irregularities, and it is possible to prevent oil film breakage at the contact surface, which improves the surface strength, thereby reducing the frictional resistance of each part of the joint, and causing peeling and cracking. Etc. can be prevented. Therefore, durability is improved and the life of the universal joint is improved.

The perspective view which shows an example of the universal joint for demonstrating embodiment of this invention The disassembled perspective view of the universal joint of this embodiment shown in FIG. Cross-sectional view of the bearing portion in the present embodiment Sectional drawing of the connecting shaft part in this embodiment Process flow diagram of cross shaft bearing and roller shaft in this embodiment The flowchart which shows the process process of the spline shaft of the sliding shaft in this embodiment The figure which shows the result of having actually measured the surface hardness of the component which performed the said process in this embodiment The figure which shows the result of having actually measured the residual compressive stress of the component which performed the said process in embodiment. Diagram showing the surface condition of component materials that are not subjected to fine particle peening The figure which shows the surface state of the component material which concerns on this embodiment which gave fine particle peening

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a universal joint for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the universal joint of FIG.

  1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a pair of left and right cross shafts, and 2 denotes sliding shafts provided at both ends of the cross shaft 1, respectively.

  The cross shaft 1 has four shaft portions 12 projecting in directions orthogonal to each other with respect to the base portion 11, and a bearing 13 is provided at the distal end portion of each shaft portion 12. The bearing 13 has a structure as shown in a sectional view of the bearing portion in FIG. 3, and a roller shaft 14 is interposed between the inside of the bearing 13 and the outside of the shaft portion 12, and the outside of the shaft portion 12 is Thus, the bearing 13 is rotatable in the circumferential direction.

  Each shaft portion 12 has an oil hole 15 that passes through the base portion 11 and is filled with lubricating oil such as grease in a cross-shaped cross section. The oil hole 15 is formed so as to extend from the one shaft portion 12 to the other shaft portion 12 through the central portion of the base portion 11.

  During the operation of the free joint, the lubricating oil in each oil hole 15 passes through the top plate portion 13a portion of the bearing 13 and reaches each roller shaft 14 portion, whereby a smooth joint caused by rolling of each portion of the bearing 13 is achieved. Operation is to be performed.

  3 is a seal member for closing the lower end portion of the bearing 13.

  In this example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sliding shaft 2 is slidable on a shaft body 21, a cylindrical shaft body 22 coupled to the shaft body 21, and the cylindrical shaft body 22. And a spline shaft 23 inserted into the.

  The cylindrical shaft body 22 and the spline shaft 23 are provided on the side of the cylindrical shaft body 22 in the gap between the cylindrical shaft body 22 and the spline shaft 23 as shown in the sectional view of the connecting shaft portion in FIG. The lubrication oil such as grease is filled from the oil supply section 24, and the relative sliding between the cylindrical shaft body 22 and the spline shaft 23 is performed smoothly.

  In addition, 25 shown in FIG. 4 is a seal member that closes the open end of the cylindrical shaft body 22.

  Next, an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a universal joint component of the present invention will be described.

  The inner and outer surfaces of the bearing 13 that are rolling surfaces of the cross shaft 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the roller shaft 14 are processed as shown in the flowchart of FIG.

  First, outer shape processing is performed by roughing such as turning on the material (hereinafter referred to as component material) of the bearing 13 and the roller shaft 14 made of high carbon chromium bearing steel or the like (outer shape processing step: step S1). Next, carburizing and quenching or induction hardening is performed, and depending on the material composition of the material, carburizing and quenching and induction hardening are performed (heat treatment step: step S2).

  Thereafter, finishing processing such as polishing is performed (finishing step: step S3), and fine particle peening is performed on the finished part material (surface treatment step: step S4).

  The processing conditions of steps S1 to S3 vary depending on the material composition. In the fine particle peening in step S4, fine particles such as high-speed steel and ceramic having a particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.1 mm and a hardness of 750 to 1000 HV are used, and the fine particles are projected at a projection speed of 150 to 200 m / s. Spray onto the material.

  Then, by the surface treatment process in step S4, in the component material, irregularities having a surface hardness of 800 HV or more, a residual compressive stress of 30 μm from the surface to −800 MPa or less, and a surface roughness of about Ra 0.4 μm are formed. .

  The bearing 13 or the roller shaft 14 made of the component material subjected to the treatment shown in FIG. 5 has an excellent modification effect on the outermost surface. Specifically, the surface hardness and residual compressive stress are improved by subjecting the bearing 13 or the roller shaft 14 to carburizing quenching and / or induction quenching and then performing fine particle peening. It was possible to suppress peeling.

  In particular, concentrated stress is applied to the chamfered portion and the R portion (small curved surface forming portion) of the corner portion of the bearing 13, but in this embodiment, surface hardness and residual compressive stress are also improved in these portions. As a result, the fatigue life was improved and the occurrence of cracks from the surface could be suppressed.

  FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the results of actual measurement of surface hardness and residual compressive stress for parts actually subjected to the above treatment. 7 and 8, WPC (Wide Peening Cleaning) means fine particle peening.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, it can be seen that the surface hardness and residual compressive stress are remarkably improved at 0.1 mm from the surface as compared with the case where fine particle peening is not performed.

  9 and 10 show the results of magnifying and observing the surface state of the parts actually subjected to the above treatment. FIG. 9 shows the surface state of the component material not subjected to fine particle peening, and FIG. 10 shows the surface state of the component material according to the present embodiment subjected to fine particle peening.

  Compared with the surface state shown in FIG. 9, it can be seen that in the surface state shown in FIG. 10, a large number of fine irregularities (black portions) are formed on the surface of the component material.

  Usually, in the sliding part of the universal joint bearing 13 or the roller shaft 14, a high contact surface pressure is generated and the lubricating force of the lubricating oil is reduced. In this embodiment, however, the presence of the concave and convex recesses is present. The oil can be held in the recess. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the oil film from being cut off at the contact surface of the bearing 13 or the roller shaft 14 and the reduction of the lubricating force. Therefore, the frictional resistance is reduced, and the rolling surface can be peeled off and the oil seal portion of the seal member 16 can be prevented from being worn.

  Next, manufacture of the spline shaft 23 of the sliding shaft 2 which is a universal joint component will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, finish processing such as hobbing is performed on the material of the spline shaft 23 (hereinafter referred to as component material) made of carbon steel for machine structure or low alloy steel for machine structure (finishing step: step S11). Next, induction hardening is performed (heat treatment process: step S12). Thereafter, fine particle peening is performed on the finished part material (surface treatment step: step S13).

  The processing conditions of steps S11 and S12 vary depending on the material composition. In the fine particle peening in step S13, fine particles such as high-speed steel and ceramic having a particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 mm and a hardness of 750 to 1000 HV are used, and the fine particles are projected at a projection speed of 150 to 200 m / s. Spray onto the material.

  Then, by the surface treatment process in step S3, in the component material, irregularities having a surface hardness of 800 HV or more, a residual compressive stress of 30 μm from the surface to −800 MPa or less, and a surface roughness of Ra about 0.4 μm are formed. .

  Similar to the bearing and roller shaft in the present embodiment, the spline shaft 23 made of the component material subjected to the processing shown in FIG. Excellent reforming effect was obtained.

  Specifically, in the spline shaft 23, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of surface-origin separation and cracks from the surface.

  Further, as described above, the presence of the concave portion on the surface of the spline shaft 23 by the fine particle peening makes it possible to retain the oil in the concave portion. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the oil film from being cut off on the contact sliding surface of the spline shaft 23 of the sliding shaft 2 and the reduction of the lubricating force. Therefore, frictional resistance can be reduced, and peeling of the sliding surface and wear of the oil seal portion of the seal member 25 can be prevented.

  The present invention is applied to each part of the component parts of the universal joint, and the surface hardness, residual compressive stress, and oil retention are improved, so that it is used in a high load situation, and high contact surface pressure and stress are applied. It is effective as a method for manufacturing a universal joint component in which a reduction in lubricating force is likely to occur.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cross shaft 11 Base part 12 Shaft part 13 Bearing 14 Roller shaft 15 Oil hole 16 Seal member 2 Sliding shaft 21 Shaft body 22 Cylindrical shaft body 23 Spline shaft 24 Oil supply part 25 Seal member

Claims (8)

A heat treatment step of performing carburizing and tempering treatment and / or induction hardening treatment on a universal joint component material made of carbon steel for machine structure or low alloy steel for machine structure or high carbon chrome bearing steel, and after the heat treatment step, A surface treatment process that performs fine particle peening on universal joint component materials,
In the universal joint component material after the surface treatment step, irregularities having a surface hardness of 800 HV or more, a residual compressive stress of 30 μm to −800 MPa or less, and a surface roughness of about Ra 0.4 μm are formed. A method for manufacturing a universal joint part characterized by the above.   The method for producing a universal joint part according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles used for the fine particle peening have a hardness of 750 to 1000 HV and a particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 mm.   The method for manufacturing a universal joint part according to claim 1, wherein a fine particle projection speed in the fine particle peening is 150 to 200 m / s.   2. The method for manufacturing a universal joint part according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint part is a part of a rolling portion of a cross shaft constituting the universal joint.   The method for manufacturing a universal joint component according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint component is a bearing portion of the cross shaft.   The method for manufacturing a universal joint part according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint part is a bearing roller of the cross shaft.   2. The method for manufacturing a universal joint part according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint part is a part of a sliding portion of a shaft body constituting the universal joint.   The method for manufacturing a universal joint component according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint component is a spline shaft of the shaft body.