JP4520223B2 - Method for forming nitriding sliding surface - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for forming a nitriding treatment sliding surface in which a nitriding treatment is performed on a sliding surface that is disposed to face a member and slides relative to the facing member.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a conventional crankshaft. In FIG. 11, a single cylinder engine will be described as an example, but application to a multi-cylinder engine is also possible.
The journal portions 101 and 102 of the crankshaft 100 are rotatably attached to a crankshaft case bearing (not shown), and the large end portion 105 of the connecting rod 104 is rotatably attached to the pin portion 103.
As the piston 107 moves in the cylinder 106, the crankshaft 100 rotates about the journal portions 101 and 102 via the connecting rod 104.

At this time, the lubricating oil is supplied to the gap between the journal portions 101 and 102 and the bearing, and the lubricating oil is supplied to the gap between the pin portion 103 and the large end portion 105.
In order to improve the wear resistance of the sliding surfaces of the journal portions 101 and 102 with respect to the bearing and the sliding surface of the pin portion 103 with respect to the large end portion 105, each sliding surface is subjected to nitriding treatment.
The nitriding treatment is to harden the sliding surface by diffusing nitrogen into the sliding surfaces of the journal portions 101 and 102 and the pin portion 103, and gas soft nitriding is known as an example.

Here, the journal portions 101 and 102 rotate while applying a load to the bearing, and the pin portion 103 rotates while receiving a load from the large end portion 105.
For this reason, it is required to secure an oil film on the sliding surfaces of the journal portions 101 and 102 and the pin portion 103 to improve the seizure resistance of each sliding surface.
As a method for improving the seizure resistance of the sliding surface, a method is known in which a concave portion (micro-dent) is formed in the sliding surface and lubricating oil is stored in the concave portion (for example, see Patent Document 1).
JP-A-3-172608 (2nd page)

According to the technique of Patent Document 1, a concave portion is formed on the sliding surface by barrel-polishing the sliding surface. Lubricating oil is stored in a recessed part by forming a recessed part in a sliding surface.
Thereby, by storing the lubricating oil in the concave portion, it is possible to secure an oil film more reliably on the sliding surface and to improve the seizure resistance to the sliding surface.

  By the way, in order to improve the wear resistance of the sliding surfaces of the journal portions 101 and 102 and the sliding surface of the pin portion 103, each sliding surface is subjected to nitriding treatment. The sliding surface that has been subjected to nitriding treatment is hardened, and as in the technique of Patent Document 1, it is difficult to satisfactorily form a concave portion on the sliding surface by barrel polishing.

As a countermeasure against this, a method is considered in which a minute steel ball is sprayed on the sliding surfaces of the journal portions 101 and 102 and the sliding surface of the pin portion 103 to form concave portions (micro-dents).
However, the sliding surfaces of the journal portions 101 and 102 and the sliding surface of the pin portion 103 are hardened by nitriding treatment, and when the steel balls are sprayed on the respective sliding surfaces, the sliding surfaces are cracked. May occur.
For this reason, it has been difficult to form a recess while performing nitriding treatment on the sliding surface.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for forming a nitriding treatment sliding surface capable of performing nitriding treatment on the sliding surface and forming a recess (micro-dent).

The invention according to claim 1 is a method of forming a nitriding treatment sliding surface that slides relative to an opposing member by processing a predetermined portion of a material and nitriding the processed portion. Among the materials, a step of roughing a portion corresponding to the nitriding sliding surface to obtain a roughing sliding surface, a step of spraying beads on the roughing sliding surface to form a recess, a step of performing nitriding treatment roughing sliding surface forming the recess, said by finishing the rough machining sliding surfaces subjected to nitriding treatment, the lubricating oil in the recess together give the nitriding sliding surface Ri Do and a step of adjusting the shape of the recess to be stored, said nitriding sliding surface, you characterized in that the surface of the surface and / or the pin portions of the journal portion with the crankshaft.

A concave portion is formed before the nitriding treatment is performed on the roughened sliding surface. Since it is before nitriding treatment, the rough machining sliding surface has toughness.
Therefore, when a bead is sprayed on the rough machining sliding surface to form a recess, it is possible to prevent the rough machining sliding surface from being cracked.

After forming the concave portion on the roughing sliding surface, the surface is hardened by nitriding. By surface hardening the rough machining sliding surface, the wear resistance of the rough machining sliding surface can be improved.
In addition, it is possible to store lubricating oil in the concave portion by providing the concave portion on the nitriding sliding surface. By storing lubricating oil in the recesses, an oil film can be more reliably secured on the sliding surface of the nitriding treatment, and seizure resistance of the sliding surface of the nitriding treatment can be improved.
Further, in claim 1, the nitriding sliding surface is a surface of a journal portion and / or a surface of a pin portion provided in the crankshaft.
Here, the crankshaft is a member that is used at high speed rotation while applying a relatively large load to the journal part and the pin part. In order to increase the wear resistance of the sliding surface of the journal part and the pin part, Is subjected to nitriding treatment.
By nitriding the sliding surface, the nitriding sliding surface can be hardened and the wear resistance of the nitriding sliding surface can be improved.

The invention according to claim 2 is a method for forming a nitriding treatment sliding surface that slides relative to an opposing member by processing a predetermined portion of a material and performing nitriding treatment on the processed portion. Among the materials, a step of roughing a portion corresponding to the nitriding sliding surface to obtain a roughing sliding surface, a step of spraying beads on the roughing sliding surface to form a recess, A step of nitriding the rough-processed sliding surface on which the recesses are formed, an opening area ratio of the recesses of 5 to 10% per unit area, and a volume ratio of the recesses of 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 per unit area ^The nitriding treatment sliding surface is obtained by finishing the roughing sliding surface so as to be ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² , and the nitriding treatment sliding surface is a journal provided on a crankshaft. Surface and / or pin part It is the surface of this.
Here, the lubrication forms include fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication. Fluid lubrication refers to a state in which a pair of sliding surfaces are completely isolated by an oil film.
On the other hand, boundary lubrication refers to a state in which a part of the sliding surface comes into contact in some places even though an oil film exists between the pair of sliding surfaces. Boundary lubrication tends to occur at start / stop.

In boundary lubrication, it is considered that the friction coefficient of the nitriding sliding surface increases if too many concave portions are formed on the nitriding sliding surface. In particular, if the ratio of the opening area of the recesses (hereinafter referred to as “opening area ratio”) exceeds 10% per unit area, the friction coefficient may increase excessively.
Therefore, when boundary lubrication is taken into consideration, it is preferable to set the ratio of the opening area to a certain extent, specifically to 10% or less.

On the other hand, in fluid lubrication, it is important to secure an oil film. When the ratio of the opening area is increased, an oil film can be reliably secured. Therefore, the opening area ratio is set to 5% or more per unit area to ensure the oil film.
However, if the ratio of the opening area exceeds 17% per unit area, it is difficult to ensure a good area of the nitriding sliding surface, and the friction coefficient of the nitriding sliding surface may vary.
Therefore, when considering fluid lubrication, it is preferable to set the opening area ratio in a range of 5 to 17% per unit area.

Here, the lubrication state of the sliding surface tends to be fluid lubrication during normal sliding and boundary lubrication during start / stop. Therefore, it is preferable to consider both fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication when determining the opening area ratio of the sliding surface.
Therefore, in claim 2 , the opening area ratio is set to 5 to 10% per unit area in consideration of both boundary lubrication and fluid lubrication.

By the way, when examining the lubrication state of the sliding surface, it is not sufficient to select the ratio of the opening area of the recess. This is because the volume ratio of the recesses (hereinafter referred to as “volume ratio”) also affects the lubrication state of the sliding surface.
Specifically, in order to keep the friction coefficient of the nitriding sliding surface in consideration of boundary lubrication, it is necessary to suppress the recess. In particular, when the volume ratio exceeds 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area, the friction coefficient may increase and increase.
Therefore, when boundary lubrication is taken into consideration, the volume ratio is preferably set to be small to some extent, specifically, 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² or less.

On the other hand, it is necessary to increase the volume ratio in order to ensure the oil film in consideration of fluid lubrication. Therefore, the volume ratio is set to 2 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² or more per unit area to ensure the oil film.

However, if the volume ratio exceeds 8 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area, the volume ratio becomes too large and the friction coefficient may increase too much.
Therefore, in consideration of fluid lubrication, the volume ratio is preferably set in a range of 2 × 10 ⁵ to 8 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area.

Therefore, in consideration of both boundary lubrication and fluid lubrication, in claim 1, the volume ratio is set to be 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area.

Further, in claim 2, nitriding sliding surface, Ru surface der surface and / or the pin portions of the journal portion with the crankshaft.

Here, the crankshaft is a member that is used at high speed rotation while applying a relatively large load to the journal part and the pin part. In order to increase the wear resistance of the sliding surface of the journal part and the pin part, Is subjected to nitriding treatment.
By nitriding the sliding surface, the nitriding sliding surface can be hardened and the wear resistance of the nitriding sliding surface can be improved.

In addition, a concave portion is provided on the nitriding sliding surface, the opening area ratio of the concave portion is 5 to 17% per unit area, and the volume ratio of the concave portion is 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ per unit area. It was set to be / mm ^2.
Thereby, it is possible to secure an oil film on the nitriding sliding surface of the journal part or the pin part to improve seizure resistance and to suitably keep the friction coefficient of the nitriding sliding surface of the journal part or the pin part.
As described above, the durability of the crankshaft can be enhanced by enhancing the wear resistance and seizure resistance of the journal portion and the pin portion and maintaining the friction coefficient in a suitable manner.

In the invention according to claim 1, by forming a concave portion on the rough-processed sliding surface and then performing nitriding treatment, it is possible to increase the wear resistance of the nitriding sliding surface and improve seizure resistance. There is.
Further, in the invention according to claim 1, by providing the concave portions on the nitriding sliding surfaces of the journal portion and the pin portion, the wear resistance and seizure resistance are improved, the friction coefficient is suitably maintained, and the durability of the crankshaft is increased. There is an advantage that the sex can be enhanced.

請 Motomeko In 2 in accordance the invention, the opening area ratio of the recesses, 5-10% per unit area, the volume rate, by the ^{2 × 10 5 ~5 × 10 5} μm 3 / mm 2 per unit area, There is an advantage that both boundary lubrication and fluid lubrication can be handled.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 2, by providing a recessed part in the nitriding treatment sliding surface of a journal part or a pin part, wear resistance and seizure resistance are improved, a friction coefficient is maintained suitably, and durability of a crankshaft is improved. There is an advantage that it can be increased.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are viewed in the direction of the reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crankshaft formed by the method for forming a nitriding sliding surface according to the present invention.
In the crankshaft 10, web portions 13 and 14 are provided in a pair of journal portions 11 and 12, respectively, and a pin portion 15 is provided between the pair of web portions 13 and 14.

The pin portion 15 is a member disposed in an offset state with respect to the journal portions 11 and 12. The pair of web portions 13 and 14 includes counterweights 16 and 17, respectively.
As an example, the crankshaft 10 is a member formed of low carbon steel (S35C to S55C) or nitrided steel.

2 are formed on the sliding surfaces (nitriding treatment sliding surfaces) 18 and 19 as the surfaces of the pair of journal portions 11 and 12, and as an example, Gas soft nitriding treatment (nitriding treatment) is performed.
Further, in the same manner as the journal portions 11 and 12, a recess 31 (see FIG. 2) is formed on a sliding surface (nitriding treatment sliding surface) 21 as a surface of the pin portion 15, and as an example, a gas softening Nitriding treatment (nitriding treatment) is performed.

A flywheel 22 is provided at the end of the journal portion 12, and a large end portion (opposing member) 24 of the connecting rod 23 is connected to the pin portion 15.
Specifically, the large end portion 24 is divided into two divided bodies 24a and 24b, and the pin portion 15 is sandwiched between the divided bodies 24a and 24b.

In this state, the large ends 24 are connected to the pin portion 15 by assembling the divided bodies 24a and 24b integrally with the bolts 25 and 25 and the nuts 26 and 26.
A small end (not shown) of the connecting rod 23 is connected to a piston 29 via a piston pin 28.

As the piston 29 moves in a cylinder (not shown), the crankshaft 10 rotates about the journal portions 11 and 12 via the connecting rod 23.
At this time, the lubricating oil is supplied to the gap between the sliding surfaces 18 and 19 of the journal portions 11 and 12 and the bearing (opposing member), and the sliding surface 21 of the pin portion 15 and the large end portion (facing the opposing portion). Lubricating oil is supplied to the gap between the member 24 and the member.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the sliding surface formed by the nitriding sliding surface forming method according to the present invention, and shows the sliding surface 21 of the pin portion 15.
The sliding surfaces 18 and 19 of the journal portions 11 and 12 shown in FIG. 1 are the same as the sliding surface 21 of the pin portion 15, and the description of the sliding surfaces 18 and 19 will be omitted below.
The sliding surface 21 of the pin portion 15 is provided with a recess (micro-dent) 31... And a surface subjected to gas soft nitriding as an example of nitriding.
The recess 31 is, for example, a substantially hemispherical minute recess having a diameter d _n (see also FIGS. 6B and 7B) of the opening 31a of approximately 100 μm and a depth h of approximately 10 μm.

The sliding surface 21 is hardened by subjecting the sliding surface 21 to gas soft nitriding. That is, the sliding surface 21 is hardened (hardened) by providing the hardened layer 32 in which nitrogen is permeated and diffused in the pin portion 15 along the sliding surface 21.
In the recesses 31, the opening area of each opening 31 a is represented by Sn (see also FIG. 6 (b)), and each volume is represented by Vn (see also FIG. 7 (b)).

FIGS. 3A and 3B are views for explaining an example of processing a rough-machined sliding surface on a crankshaft material in the nitriding sliding surface forming method according to the present invention.
In (a), the raw material 41 (henceforth "crankshaft raw material 41") of the crankshaft 10 (refer FIG. 1) is obtained by forging-molding low carbon steel (S35C-S55C) with a forging apparatus.
Of the crankshaft material 41, the parts (predetermined parts) 42 and 43 corresponding to the sliding surfaces 18 and 19 (see FIG. 1) of the pair of journal parts 11 and 12 are roughly processed and the pin part 15 is slid. A part (predetermined part) 44 corresponding to the surface 21 (see FIG. 1) is roughly processed.

In (b), the parts 42 and 43 (see (a)) corresponding to the sliding surfaces 18 and 19 (see FIG. 1) of the journal parts 11 and 12 are roughly processed, so that a pair of journal parts 11 and 12 is obtained. Roughly processed sliding surfaces 46 and 47 are obtained.
Furthermore, the rough-processed sliding surface 48 of the pin part 15 is obtained by rough-processing the site | part 44 (refer (a)) corresponding to the sliding surface 21 (refer FIG. 1) of the pin part 15. FIG.

The roughing sliding surfaces 46 and 47 of the pair of journal portions 11 and 12 and the roughing sliding surface 48 of the pin portion 15 are processed to a predetermined surface roughness, for example, a maximum height Hmax 3S to 4S.
In this embodiment, an example in which rough processing is performed so that the surface roughness becomes the maximum height Hmax3S to 4S as the predetermined surface roughness will be described. However, the predetermined surface roughness has a maximum height Hmax of 3S. It is not limited to ~ 4S.
That is, as the predetermined surface roughness of the rough machining sliding surface 48 of the pin portion 15, the maximum height Hmax may be ensured to be 20S or less, preferably 10S or less.

When the maximum height Hmax of the surface roughness of the roughing sliding surface 48 exceeds 20S, the roughing sliding surface 48 is too rough, and as shown in FIG. Even if one is shown), the recesses 31 (see FIG. 2) cannot be suitably formed.
Therefore, the maximum height Hmax of the surface roughness of the rough machining sliding surface 48 is set to 20 S or less, so that the concave portions 31 are suitably formed in the rough machining sliding surface 48.

4 (a) to 4 (d) are diagrams for explaining an example in which a back portion is formed on a rough machining sliding surface in the nitriding sliding surface forming method according to the present invention.
In (a), by operating the high-pressure water supply means 53, the high-pressure water is guided to the flow path 54, and the guided high-pressure water is ejected from the nozzle 55 as shown by the arrow a.

  At this time, the flow path 54 has a negative pressure, and the beads 51 (see (b)) are sucked into the flow path 54 from the hopper 56. Thus, high-pressure water is sprayed on the rough-processed sliding surface 48 and beads 51 are sprayed.

Here, the maximum pressure of the high-pressure water is 250 MPa. By ensuring a maximum of 250 MPa as the water pressure of the high-pressure water, the beads 51... Can be sprayed onto the rough machining sliding surface 48 with a predetermined impact load F.
Furthermore, the directionality of the beads 51 and the spraying speed can be ensured by spraying the beads 51 to the rough-processed sliding surface 48 using high-pressure water as a medium.

In (b), beads 51... (Only one is shown) are sprayed onto the roughing sliding surface 48 with a predetermined impact load F together with high-pressure water.
The beads 51 are glass spheres, for example, having a diameter D of 100 to 150 μm.

In (c), the beads 51... Collide with the rough machining sliding surface 48 to form the recesses 52 (only one is shown) in the rough machining sliding surface 48 by the impact force at the time of the collision.
By setting the water pressure of the high-pressure water to a maximum of 250 MPa, beads 51... Can be sprayed onto the rough machining sliding surface 48 with a predetermined impact load F. Therefore, the substantially hemispherical recesses 52 can be formed on the rough machining sliding surface 48.
When the beads 51... Collide with the rough-processed sliding surface 48, the beads 51.

In (d), when the beads 51... Collide with the roughing sliding surface 48, the beads 51.
Here, by crushing the beads 51... Into crush pieces 51 a.
This makes it possible to form the recesses 52 in a desired shape on the rough machining sliding surface 48.

FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining an example in which the sliding surface is subjected to nitriding treatment in the nitriding sliding surface forming method according to the present invention.
In (a), recesses 52 are formed in the roughing sliding surface 48.
Here, since the maximum height Hmax of the surface roughness of the rough machining sliding surface 48 is suppressed to 3S to 4S, the recesses 52 can be suitably formed in the rough machining sliding surface 48.

In (b), nitriding treatment, for example, gas soft nitriding treatment, is performed on the rough machining sliding surface 48 in which the recesses 52 are formed.
That is, the roughened sliding surface 48 in which the recesses 52 are formed is degreased and washed, and then heated and stored in a mixed atmosphere of carburizing gas and NH ₃ gas at a temperature range of 550 to 600 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours. .

Nitrogen and carbon are simultaneously permeated and diffused from the rough machining sliding surface 48 into the pin portion 15 to form a hardened layer along the rough machining sliding surface 48.
Thereby, the gas soft nitriding process is completed.
The hardened layer 32 includes a thin film mixed layer (not shown) along the rough-processed sliding surface 48 and a diffusion layer (not shown) formed along the inside of the mixed layer.

In (c), the sliding surface 21 is obtained by finishing the surface subjected to the gas soft nitriding treatment by, for example, lapping.
The recesses 52 become the recesses 31 by finishing the surface subjected to the gas soft nitriding treatment.
The recess 31 ... opening 31a ..., for example, the diameter _{d n} ... is substantially 100 [mu] m, the recesses 31 ... the depth h, for example substantially 10μm semispherical micro-pockets of.

In this way, by adjusting the shape of the recesses 31, the ratio Rs of the opening area of the recesses 31 is set to 5 to 10% per unit area of the sliding surface 21, and the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 is set. , And 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area of the sliding surface 31.
The ratio Rs of the opening area of the recesses 31 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6, and the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

As described above, according to the method for forming a nitriding sliding surface according to the present invention, the concave portion 52 is formed before nitriding the sliding surface 21.
Since the roughing sliding surface 48 before nitriding has toughness, cracks are generated in the roughing sliding surface 48 when the beads 51 are sprayed on the roughing sliding surface 48 to form the recesses 52. Can be prevented.

After the recesses 52 are formed in the rough machining sliding surface 48, nitriding treatment is performed to harden the rough machining sliding surface 48 to obtain the sliding surface 21.
The roughened sliding surface 48 is hardened to form the sliding surface 21, whereby the wear resistance of the sliding surface 21 can be improved.
In addition, by providing the sliding surface 21 with the recesses 31, lubricating oil can be stored in the recesses 31. By storing lubricating oil in the recesses 31..., An oil film can be more reliably secured on the sliding surface 21 and the seizure resistance of the sliding surface 21 can be improved.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are views for explaining the ratio of the opening area of the recess according to the present invention, and FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of a portion b of FIG.
(A) is an enlarged view of the sliding surface 21, and shows a state in which a large number of recesses 31 are formed in a unit area A × A. Here, for the sake of convenience, the opening area of the recess 31 in the upper right of the figure is S1, the opening area of the left recess 31 is S2, the opening area of the left recess 31 is S3,... It is assumed that Sn (see also FIG. 2).

(B) it is, if the opening 31a of the concave portion 31 is approximated to a circle, as long as the radius of _{a n (d n / 2)} , the opening area Sn of the n-th recess 31 Sn = π × (a _n ) ²
It is. Therefore, the sum Sm of the opening areas of the recesses 31.
Sm = Σ {S1 + S2 + ... + Sn}
The ratio Rs of the opening area of the recesses 31 is
Rs = {(total opening area Sm) / (unit area A × A)} × 100 (%)
Can be obtained.

  In the above description, the definition of the ratio of the opening area of the recesses 31 is described. For example, the shading difference between the flat portion 21a of the sliding surface 21 and the recesses 31 is subjected to image processing, whereby the recesses 31. The ratio of the opening area can be obtained.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are views for explaining the volume ratio of the recesses according to the present invention, and FIG. 7B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line bb in FIG.
(A) is an enlarged view of the sliding surface 21, and shows a state in which a large number of recesses 31 are formed in a unit area A × A. Here, for the sake of convenience, the volume of the recess 31 at the upper right of the figure is V1, the volume of the left recess 31 is V2, the volume of the left recess 31 is V3,...

(B) as long if the recess 31 is substantially hemispherical with a radius _{r n,} the volume Vn of the n-th recess 31,
Vn = 1/6 {π × h (3 (a _n ) ² + h ² )}
It is. Therefore, the total volume Vm of the recesses 31.
Vm = Σ (V1 + V2 + ... + Vn)
And the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31.
Rv = {(total volume Vm) / (unit area A × A)} × 100 (%).

  In the above description, the definition of the ratio of the recesses 31... Is explained. For example, the ratio of the volume of the recesses 31. Can be requested.

Here, the lubrication for the journal portion bearing and the large end portion of the pin portion are usually fluid lubrication during rotation of the journal portion and the pin portion, and boundary lubrication during start / stop.
Fluid lubrication refers to a state in which a pair of sliding surfaces are completely isolated by an oil film. Boundary lubrication refers to a state in which a part of the sliding surface comes into contact in some places even though an oil film exists between the pair of sliding surfaces.
Fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication are affected by conditions such as the viscosity η of the lubricating oil, the rotational speed V of the sliding surface 21, and the load P applied to the sliding surface 21.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity η of the lubricating oil, the rotational speed Vr of the sliding surface, the load P, and the friction coefficient μ. The vertical axis represents the friction coefficient μ, and the horizontal axis represents the relational expression (η × Vr) / P of the viscosity η of the lubricating oil, the rotational speed Vr of the sliding surface, and the load P.
Here, if the load P applied to the sliding surface 21 is large and the rotational speed Vr of the sliding surface 21 is small, it is difficult to secure an oil film of the lubricating oil, and boundary lubrication is likely to occur. That is, if (η × Vr) / P on the horizontal axis is small, boundary lubrication is likely to occur.

On the other hand, if the load P applied to the sliding surface 21 is small and the rotational speed Vr of the sliding surface 21 is large, it is easy to secure an oil film of lubricating oil, and fluid lubrication is likely to occur. That is, if (η × Vr) / P on the horizontal axis is large, fluid lubrication is likely to occur.
Therefore, as shown in the graph G1, when (η × Vr) / P is as small as near 0.1, the boundary lubrication region E1 is obtained, and when (η × Vr) / P is as large as 2 near, fluid lubrication. It becomes area E2.

Between the boundary lubrication region E1 and the fluid lubrication region E2 is a mixed lubrication region E3. Mixed lubrication refers to a state in which a lubricating film is thin and a fluid lubrication portion and a boundary lubrication portion are mixed.
Note that although the friction coefficient μ on the vertical axis has a regular scale, (η × Vr) / P on the horizontal axis has a logarithmic scale, the positions of 0.1 and 2 are unequal.

9A and 9B are graphs for explaining the relationship between the opening area ratio of the recess and the friction coefficient according to the present invention. The vertical axis represents the friction coefficient μ, and the horizontal axis represents the opening area ratio.
(A) plots the data in the boundary lubrication state where ηV / P is 0.1. From the plotted data, the relationship between the opening area ratio Rs and the friction coefficient μ of the recesses 31 shown in FIG. It is a representation.
From the graph G2, it has been found that the friction coefficient μ can be kept small if the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 is set in the range of 0 to 10% per unit area.
That is, in the boundary lubrication, the unevenness of the sliding surface 21 (see FIG. 6) leads to an increase in the friction coefficient μ, and when the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31. found. Therefore, when considering boundary lubrication, it is desirable to set the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 to 10% or less per unit area.

(B) plots data in a fluid lubrication state in which ηV / P is 2, and the relationship between the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 and the friction coefficient μ is represented by a graph G3 from the plotted data. .
Here, the dependence on the oil film is high in fluid lubrication. When the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 is large, a sufficient oil film is obtained. Therefore, as shown in the graph G3, in order to suppress the friction coefficient μ, it is necessary to set the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 to 5% or more per unit area.

On the other hand, when the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 exceeds 17% per unit area, the friction coefficient μ varies. For this reason, the graph G3 is indicated by a broken line.
Therefore, when considering fluid lubrication, it is desirable to set the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 to a range of 5 to 17% per unit area.

Here, the lubrication for the bearings (not shown) of the journal portions 11 and 12 shown in FIG. 1 and the lubrication for the large end portion 24 of the pin portion 15 are usually performed when the journal portions 11 and 12 and the pin portion 15 are rotated. Lubrication and boundary lubrication at start / stop.
Therefore, it is necessary to determine the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 in consideration of both fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication.

Therefore, the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 is desirably 5 to 10% from the range of 0 to 10% obtained from the graph G2 and the range of 5 to 17% obtained from the graph G3. .
If the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 is set in the range of 5 to 10% per unit area, the friction coefficient μ can be lowered for both fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are graphs for explaining the relationship between the volume ratio of the recesses and the friction coefficient according to the present invention. The vertical axis indicates the friction coefficient μ, and the horizontal axis indicates the volume ratio.
(A) plots the data in the boundary lubrication state where ηV / P is 0.1. From this plotted data, the relationship between the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 shown in FIG. It is a representation.
From the graph G4, it was found that the friction coefficient μ can be kept small by setting the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 to a range of 0 to 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area.

That is, in boundary lubrication, the unevenness of the sliding surface 21 (see FIG. 7) leads to an increase in the friction coefficient μ, and the friction when the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 exceeds 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area. It was found that the coefficient μ increases. Therefore, in consideration of boundary lubrication, the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 is desirably set to 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² or less per unit area.

(B) plots data in a fluid lubrication state where ηV / P is 2. From this plotted data, the relationship between the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 and the friction coefficient μ is represented by a graph G5.
Here, the dependence on the oil film is high in fluid lubrication. When the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 is large, a sufficient oil film is obtained. Therefore, as shown in the graph G5, the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 is set to 2 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² or more per unit area. Is desirable.

On the other hand, as shown in the graph G5, when the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31... Exceeds 8 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area, the volume ratio Rv becomes too large and the friction coefficient μ may increase. .
Therefore, when considering fluid lubrication, it is desirable to set the volume ratio Rv to a range of 2 × 10 ⁵ to 8 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area.

Here, the lubrication for the bearings (not shown) of the journal portions 11 and 12 shown in FIG. 1 and the lubrication for the large end portion 24 of the pin portion 15 are usually performed when the journal portions 11 and 12 and the pin portion 15 are rotated. Lubrication and boundary lubrication at start / stop.
Therefore, it is necessary to determine the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 in consideration of both fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication.

Therefore, the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 is in the range of 0 to 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² obtained from the graph G4 and 2 × 10 ⁵ to 8 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² obtained from the graph G5. From this range, it is desirable that the range is 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² .
If the volume ratio Rv of the recesses 31 is in the range of 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area, the friction coefficient μ can be lowered for both fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication.

Returning to FIG. 1, the nitriding sliding surface 21 of the pin portion 15 is provided with recesses 31 (see FIG. 2), the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 is 5 to 17% per unit area, and the recesses 31 ... the volume ratio Rv of was set to be ^{2 × 10 5 ~5 × 10 5} μm 3 / mm 2 per unit area.
Similarly, the nitriding treatment sliding surfaces 18, 19 of the journal portions 11, 12 are provided with recesses 31 ..., the opening area ratio Rs of the recesses 31 ... is 5 to 17% per unit area, and the volume of the recesses 31 ... The ratio Rv was set to be 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area.

This secures an oil film on the nitriding sliding surfaces 18, 19, and 21 of the journal portions 11 and 12 and the pin portion 15 to improve seizure resistance, and nitriding sliding of the journal portions 11 and 12 and the pin portion 15 The friction coefficients of the surfaces 18, 19, and 21 can be suitably maintained.
Thus, the durability of the crankshaft 10 can be enhanced by increasing the wear resistance and seizure resistance of the nitriding sliding surfaces 18, 19, and 21 and maintaining the friction coefficient in a suitable manner.
In addition, by nitriding the sliding surfaces, the nitriding sliding surfaces 18, 19, and 21 can be hardened, and the wear resistance of the nitriding sliding surfaces 18, 19, and 21 can be improved.

  In the above embodiment, the crankshaft 10 applied to a single cylinder engine has been described as an example of the crankshaft. Is possible.

Further, in the embodiments, substantially the recess 31 the diameter d _n of the aperture 100 [mu] m, although depths h is described as being substantially hemispherical micro-pockets of substantially 10 [mu] m, the shape of the recess 31 is arbitrarily decide that Can do.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the sliding surfaces 18 and 19 of the journal portions 11 and 12 and the sliding surface 21 of the pin portion 15 have been described as examples of the nitriding sliding surface. It is also possible to apply to the sliding surfaces of these machine parts.
In short, the nitriding sliding surface is not limited as long as it is a surface that slides relative to the opposing member.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which only the surfaces of the journal portions 11 and 12 and the pin portion 15 of the crankshaft 10 are subjected to nitriding treatment to form nitriding sliding surfaces 18, 19, and 21 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained by nitriding the entire crankshaft 10.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the gas soft nitriding method has been described as an example of the nitriding treatment. It is also possible to adopt.

  The method for forming a nitriding sliding surface of the present invention is suitable for application to a machine component having a sliding surface such as a crankshaft.

It is a perspective view of the crankshaft formed with the formation method of the nitriding treatment sliding face concerning the present invention. It is a perspective view of the sliding face formed with the formation method of the nitriding treatment sliding face concerning the present invention. It is a figure explaining the example which processes a roughing sliding surface in the raw material of a crankshaft in the formation method of the nitriding treatment sliding surface which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining the example which forms a back part in a rough processing sliding face in the formation method of the nitriding treatment sliding face concerning the present invention. It is a figure explaining the example which performs nitriding treatment to a sliding face in the formation method of the nitriding sliding face concerning the present invention. It is a figure explaining the ratio of the opening area of the recessed part which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining the ratio of the volume of the crevice concerning the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between viscosity (eta) of lubricating oil, the rotational speed Vr of a sliding surface, the load P, and the friction coefficient (micro | micron | mu). It is a graph explaining the relationship between the opening area ratio of the recessed part which concerns on this invention, and a friction coefficient. It is a graph explaining the relationship between the volume ratio of the recessed part which concerns on this invention, and a friction coefficient. It is a perspective view which shows the conventional crankshaft.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Crankshaft, 11, 12 ... Journal part, 15 ... Pin part, 18, 19, 21 ... Sliding surface (nitriding treatment sliding surface), 24 ... Large end part (opposing member), 42, 43, 44 ... Site (predetermined site), 46, 47, 48 ... Roughly processed sliding surface, 51 ... Beads, 52, 31 ... Recess, Rs ... Opening area ratio, Rv ... Volume ratio.

Claims (2)

In a method of forming a nitriding sliding surface that slides relative to an opposing member by processing a predetermined portion of the material and nitriding the processed portion,
Among the materials, a step of roughing a portion corresponding to the nitriding sliding surface to obtain a roughing sliding surface;
A step of spraying beads on the roughing sliding surface to form a recess;
Nitriding the roughened sliding surface on which the recess is formed;
The nitriding treatment by finishing the rough machining sliding surfaces subjected to, Ri together with obtaining the nitrided sliding surface Do and a step of adjusting the shape of the recess so that the lubricating oil is stored in the recess,
The nitriding sliding surface forming method of nitriding sliding surface you being a surface of the surface and / or the pin portions of the journal portion with the crankshaft. In a method of forming a nitriding sliding surface that slides relative to an opposing member by processing a predetermined portion of the material and nitriding the processed portion,
Among the materials, a step of roughing a portion corresponding to the nitriding sliding surface to obtain a roughing sliding surface;
A step of spraying beads on the roughing sliding surface to form a recess;
Nitriding the roughened sliding surface on which the recess is formed;
The roughened sliding surface so that the opening area ratio of the recesses is 5 to 10% per unit area, and the volume ratio of the recesses is 2 × 10 ^{5 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ μm ³ / mm ² per unit area. And the step of obtaining the nitriding sliding surface by finishing the process,
The nitriding sliding surface, the method of forming the nitrided treatment sliding surface you being a surface of the surface and / or the pin portions of the journal portion with the crankshaft.

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