JP5195341B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5195341B2 JP5195341B2 JP2008295608A JP2008295608A JP5195341B2 JP 5195341 B2 JP5195341 B2 JP 5195341B2 JP 2008295608 A JP2008295608 A JP 2008295608A JP 2008295608 A JP2008295608 A JP 2008295608A JP 5195341 B2 JP5195341 B2 JP 5195341B2
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- Prior art keywords
- polymer layer
- separator
- ion secondary
- polymer
- lithium ion
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PEVRKKOYEFPFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoroprop-1-ene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F.FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F PEVRKKOYEFPFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQMIRQSWHKCKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethene;1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)=C.FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F OQMIRQSWHKCKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Description
図1は、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータの好適な一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。図1に示すように、セパレータ40は、第2の高分子層44、第1の高分子層42及び第2の高分子層44がこの順で積層された構造を有している。また、第2の高分子層44の融点は、第1の高分子層42の融点よりも低くなっている。更に、第2の高分子層44は、第1の高分子層42に接する側に形成された高分子部位44aと、該高分子部位44aよりも第1の高分子層42から遠い側に形成された低分子部位44bとを有しており、高分子部位44aと低分子部位44bとの重量平均分子量の比(高分子部位44a/低分子部位44b)が4〜19となっている。
図4は、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池の好適な一実施形態を示す正面図である。図5は、図4のリチウムイオン二次電池1をX−X線に沿って切断した断面の模式図である。
第1の高分子層としてのポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)製の多孔膜(融点:230℃、膜厚:20μm、目付量:3.8g/m2、空隙率:80%)の両面に、ポリプロピレン(PP)の高分子量ハイワックス(三井化学社製、型番号:NP055、重量平均分子量:7000)を加熱溶融しながらスプレーノズルを用いて塗布した後に乾燥し、その後、PEの低分子量ハイワックス(三井化学社製、型番号:110P、重量平均分子量:1000)を加熱溶融しながらスプレーノズルを用いて塗布した後に乾燥した。これにより、第1の高分子層上に形成された高分子部位と、該高分子部位上に形成された低分子部位とからなる第2の高分子層を形成した。このとき、低分子部位と高分子部位との質量比が0.5:1.5となるように塗布量を調整した。以上により、PE及びPP製の第2の高分子層と、PAN製の第1の高分子層と、PE及びPP製の第2の高分子層とがこの順に積層された構造を有するセパレータを得た。ここで、第2の高分子層はいずれも、膜厚が4μm、融点が140℃であった。また、第2の高分子層において、高分子部位と低分子部位との重量平均分子量の比(高分子部位/低分子部位)は7であった。
第1の高分子層の膜厚、並びに、第2の高分子層の膜厚、材料の種類及び塗布時間の条件を変更し、第1及び第2の高分子層の膜厚比、並びに、第2の高分子層における高分子部位と低分子部位との重量平均分子量比、及び、低分子部位と高分子部位との質量比を、それぞれ下記表1に示すように調整した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2〜19のセパレータを得た。
第1の高分子層としてのポリエチレン(PE)製の多孔膜(融点:120℃、重量平均分子量:10000、膜厚:20μm)の両面に、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)のナノファイバー(平均繊維径:70nm)を分散させたイソプロパノール溶液をディップコート法により塗布し、乾燥させて、第2の高分子層を形成した。これにより、PAN製の第2の高分子層と、PE製の第1の高分子層と、PAN製の第2の高分子層とがこの順に積層された構造を有するセパレータを得た。ここで、第2の高分子層はいずれも、膜厚が4μm、融点が230℃であった。
第2の高分子層の材料の種類を変更し、第2の高分子層における高分子部位と低分子部位との重量平均分子量比を下記表1に示すように調整した以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例2〜3のセパレータを得た。
第2の高分子層を、PPからなる高分子部位のみで形成した以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例4のセパレータを得た。
第2の高分子層を、PEからなる低分子部位のみで形成した以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例5のセパレータを得た。
110P(型番号):ポリエチレン(PE)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:1000。
NP055(型番号):ポリプロピレン(PP)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:7000。
NP505(型番号):ポリプロピレン(PP)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:19000。
410P(型番号):ポリエチレン(PE)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:4000。
720P(型番号):ポリエチレン(PE)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:7200。
320P(型番号):ポリエチレン(PE)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:3000。
NP805(型番号):ポリプロピレン(PP)のハイワックス、三井化学社製、重量平均分子量:29000。
(正極用塗料の調製)
コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)(商品名:セリオン、セイミケミカル社製)からなる活物質粒子、バインダーであるPDVF、及び導電助剤であるカーボンブラック(商品名:DAB、電気化学工業(株)製)を、NMP中に分散させ、正極用塗料を調製した。
OMAC(商品名、大阪ガス株式会社製)からなる活物質粒子、バインダーであるPDVF、及び導電助剤であるカーボンブラック(商品名:DAB、電気化学工業(株)製)を、NMP中に分散させ、負極用塗料を調製した。
正極用塗料を、アルミニウムからなるシート状の集電体の表面に塗布し、正極用の塗膜を形成した。なお、集電体に塗布する正極用塗料の量は、集電体の単位面積当たりに担持される活物質粒子の質量が、10.0mg/cm2となるように調整した。その後、300kgf/cmの加工線圧で圧延加工を施し、正極用電極ロールを形成し、打ち抜き金型を用いて、縦100mm、横142mmに打ち抜き、正極を得た。
負極用塗料を用い、加工線圧を150kgf/cmに変更し、打ち抜き寸法を、縦102mm、横144mmに変更した以外は、正極と同様の方法で、負極を形成した。
正極及び負極それぞれに対して、リードを電気的に接続し、負極と正極との間に、上記で作製したセパレータを接触した状態で配置し、発電要素を形成した。このとき、正極活物質層及び負極活物質層がそれぞれセパレータと接触するように配置した。
上記リチウムイオン二次電池を0.5C相当電流で10サイクルの充放電を行い、その後、3.8Vまで充電後、インピーダンスアナランザ(ソーラトロン社製)を用いて、1KHzのインピーダンス(単位:mΩ)を求めた。結果を表2に示す。このインピーダンスの値が6.0mΩ未満であると、十分に低いインピーダンスを有していると言える。
上記で作製したリチウムイオン二次電池を高温槽内に配置し、リチウムイオン二次電池のインピーダンス測定を行いながら、昇温速度2℃/minにて、200℃まで昇温し、インピーダンスが急激に上昇するシャットダウン温度と、逆にインピーダンスが急激に低下するメルトダウン温度とを測定し、耐熱性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。比較例1では、120℃付近でシャットダウンによる急激なインピーダンス上昇が発生するが、その後、160℃付近でメルトダウンによる急激なインピーダンス低下が発生した。実施例1〜19では、水準によりシャットダウン温度は変わるものの、どの水準も200℃まで急激なインピーダンス低下はみられず、耐熱性の向上が確認された。なお、シャットダウン温度は、100℃以上であることが要求され、100〜120℃であることが好適である。
Claims (4)
- 第2の高分子層と、第1の高分子層と、第2の高分子層とがこの順に積層されてなる多孔質構造を有し、
前記第2の高分子層の融点は、前記第1の高分子層の融点よりも低く、
前記第2の高分子層は、前記第1の高分子層に接する側に形成された高分子部位と、該高分子部位よりも前記第1の高分子層から遠い側に形成された低分子部位とを有し、
前記高分子部位と前記低分子部位との重量平均分子量の比(高分子部位/低分子部位)が4〜19であり、
前記第1の高分子層が、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアミドイミド、ポリビニルアルコール及び熱可塑性ポリイミドからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の高分子材料からなる層であり、
前記第2の高分子層が、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の高分子材料からなる層である、リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ。 - 前記第2の高分子層と前記第1の高分子層との膜厚比(第2の高分子層/第1の高分子層)が0.1〜1である、請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記第2の高分子層において、前記低分子部位と前記高分子部位との質量比(低分子部位:高分子部位)0.2:1.8〜1.5:0.5である、請求項1又は2記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータを備える、リチウムイオン二次電池。
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